Envelope feedforward technique with power control for efficient linear RF power amplification

• US 6,404,823 B1
• Filed: 07/01/1998
• Issued: 06/11/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 07/01/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Skyworks Solutions Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Conexant Systems Incorporated (Synaptics Incorporated)
• Inventors: Eidson, Donald Brian, Grange, Robert Edmund
• Primary Examiner(s): Corrirlius, Jean
• Application Number:
  US09/108,628
• Time in Patent Office: 1,441 Days
• Field of Search: 330/10, 330/207.R, 330/278, 330/127, 330/149, 330/151, 375/297, 375/325, 375/340
• US Class Current: 375/297
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/02 Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0222 by using a signal derived from the input signal
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/223 with MOSFET's
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/3223 using feed-forward H03F1/3211 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/336 A I/Q, i.e. phase quadrature, modulator or demodulator being used in an amplifying circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/7236 the gated amplifier being switched on or off by putting into parallel or not, by choosing between amplifiers by (a ) switch(es)
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/7239 the gated amplifier being switched on or off by putting into parallel or not, by choosing between amplifiers and shunting lines by one or more switch(es)
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/24 of transmitter output stages
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/04 Circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2001/0441 with linearisation using feed-forward
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2001/045 with means for improving efficiency

Abstract

An envelope feedforward technique is described that provides efficient, variable-power, linear amplification of an input signal. An input signal having phase and amplitude components is separated (decomposed) into an FM portion and an envelope portion. The FM portion contains the high frequency phase and frequency information from the input signal. The envelope portion contains the low frequency amplitude information from the input signal. An envelope combiner uses the envelope signal to amplitude-modulate the FM signal to produce an output signal. Spectral regrowth of the output signal is reduced by adjusting the relative time delays in the signal path of the envelope signal and the FM signal such that the FM signal and the envelope signal arrive at the envelope combiner at the same time. The envelope feedforward technique may be used to increase battery life in a handheld mobile RF unit such as a cellular telephone. An efficient Class D switching amplifier is constructed using a dual-gate FET by applying the envelope signal to the first gate to vary the transconductance of the FET and by applying the FM signal to the second gate to switch the FET on and off.

Claims

1. An envelope feedforward power amplifier that provides high efficiency when amplifying signals having a non-constant envelope, comprising:

an envelope extractor configured to separate an input signal into a first signal having a non constant envelope and a second signal having a constant envelope;

a time delay operatively coupled to said envelope extractor and configured to delay said first signal to produce a delayed signal;

a first amplifier operatively coupled to said time delay and configured to amplify said delayed signal to produce a modulation signal;

an up-converter operatively coupled to said envelope extractor and configured to up-convert said second signal to a higher frequency to produce an up-converted signal, said up-converted signal having a substantially constant envelope;

a second amplifier operatively coupled to said up-converter and configured to amplify said up-converted signal to produce a carrier signal, said second amplifier operating at a constant power level near saturation; and

an envelope combiner operatively coupled to an output of said first amplifier and said second amplifier, said envelope combiner configured to use said modulation signal to amplitude modulate said carrier signal, said time delay configured to provide a time delay so that said modulation signal and said carrier signal arrive at said envelope combiner at substantially the same time.

2. An envelope feedforward amplifier, comprising:

an envelope extractor configured to separate an input signal into a first signal and a second signal, wherein said input signal is a digital signal comprising an in-phase component I and a quadrature component Q, and wherein said second signal comprises an in-phase FM component IC and a quadrature-phase FM component QC, wherein said envelope extractor comprises one or more lookup tables, wherein each of said lookup tables comprises a plurality of cells arranged as a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, wherein said rows and columns are addressed by a plurality of bits from said input signal, wherein each cell of said one or more lookup tables comprises a first data field containing data related to said first signal, a second data field containing data related to said in-phase FM component IC, and a third data field containing data relating to said quadrature-phase FM component QC, said second signal having an envelope amplitude maximum and an envelope amplitude minimum;

a first signal processor configured to modify said first signal to produce a first modified signal, said first signal processor having a first propagation delay;

a second signal processor configured to modify said second signal to produce a second modified signal, said second signal processor having a second propagation delay; and

an envelope combiner configured to combine said first modified signal and said second modified signal to produce an output signal, said first propagation delay and said second propagation delay configured to reduce spectral regrowth of said output signal.

3. An envelope feedforward amplifier, comprising:

an envelope extractor configured to separate an input signal into a first signal and a second signal, wherein said input signal is a digital signal comprising an in-phase component I and a quadrature component Q, and wherein said second signal comprises an in-phase FM component IC and a quadrature-phase FM component QC, wherein said envelope extractor comprises one or more lookup tables, wherein each of said lookup tables comprises a plurality of cells arranged as a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, wherein said rows and columns are addressed by a plurality of bits from said input signal, wherein said one or more lookup tables comprise a first lookup table containing data related to said first signal, a second lookup table containing data related to said in-phase FM component IC, and a third lookup table containing data relating to said quadrature-phase FM component QC, said second signal having an envelope amplitude maximum and an envelope amplitude minimum;

a first signal processor configured to modify said first signal to produce a first modified signal, said first signal processor having a first propagation delay;

a second signal processor configured to modify said second signal to produce a second modified signal, said second signal processor having a second propagation delay; and

an envelope combiner configured to combine said first modified signal and said second modified signal to produce an output signal, said first propagation delay and said second propagation delay configured to reduce spectral regrowth of said output signal.

4. The envelope feedforward amplifier of claim 3, wherein said in-phase FM component IC comprises one or more bits of data from said in-phase component I.

5. The envelope feedforward amplifier of claim 3, wherein said quadrature-phase FM component QC comprises one or more bits of data from said quadrature-phase component Q.

6. A method, comprising the steps of:

separating an input signal into a first signal and a second signal, said second signal having an envelope amplitude maximum and an envelope amplitude minimum;

modifying said first signal to produce a first modified signal, said first modified signal being delayed by a first propagation delay;

modifying said second signal to produce a second modified signal, said second modified signal being delayed by a second propagation delay;

combining said first modified signal and said second modified signal to produce an output signal; and

adjusting the lesser of said first propagation delay and said second propagation delay to reduce spectral regrowth of said output signal.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein said envelope amplitude minimum is approximately equal to said envelope amplitude maximum.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein said envelope amplitude minimum is not less than 75% of said envelope amplitude maximum.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein said first propagation delay is approximately equal to said second propagation delay.

10. The method of claim 6, wherein an absolute value of a difference between said first propagation delay and said second propagation delay is less than one microsecond.

11. The method of claim 6, wherein an absolute value of a difference between said first propagation delay and said second propagation delay is less than one tenth of a time bandwidth of said input signal.

12. The method of claim 6, wherein said step of adjusting comprises increasing said lesser of said first propagation delay and said second propagation delay.

13. The method of claim 6, wherein said step of modifying said first signal comprises amplifying said first signal.

14. The method of claim 6, wherein said step of modifying said second signal comprises amplifying said second signal.

15. The method of claim 6, wherein said step of modifying said second signal comprises up-converting said second signal to a higher frequency band.

16. The method of claim 6, wherein said step of combining comprises amplitude modulating said second modified signal.

17. The envelope feedforward amplifier of claim 16, wherein said second modified signal is modulated by said first modified signal.

18. The method of claim 6, wherein said step of combining comprises mixing said first modified signal and said second modified signal.

19. The method of claim 6, wherein said step of combining comprises using said first modified signal to adjust a bias of an amplifier that amplifies said second modified signal.

20. The method of claim 6, wherein said step of combining comprises using a substantially linear g_m characteristic of a dual-gate FET to provide linear gain adjustment by controlling a voltage applied to a first gate of said dual-gate FET.

21. The method of claim 6, wherein said step of combining comprises adjusting a gain of an amplifier.

22. A method, comprising the steps of:

separating an input signal into a first signal and a second signal, said second signal having an envelope with a relatively low amplitude region and a relatively high amplitude region;

modifying said first signal to produce a first modified signal, said first modified signal being delayed by a first propagation delay;

modifying said second signal to produce a second modified signal, said second modified signal being delayed by a second propagation delay;

combining said first modified signal and said second modified signal to produce an output signal; and

adjusting the lesser of said first propagation delay and said second propagation delay to reduce spectral regrowth in said output signal as compared to said input signal.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein said envelope in said relatively high amplitude region approximately equal to said envelope in said relatively low amplitude region.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein said envelope in said relatively low amplitude region is not less than 75% of said envelope in said relatively high amplitude region.

25. The method of claim 22, wherein said first propagation delay is approximately equal to said second propagation delay.

26. The method of claim 22, wherein an absolute value of a difference between said first propagation delay and said second propagation delay is less than one microsecond.

27. The method of claim 22, wherein an absolute value of a difference between said first propagation delay and said second propagation delay is less than one tenth of a time bandwidth of said input signal.

28. The method of claim 22, wherein said step of adjusting comprises increasing said lesser of said first propagation delay and said second propagation delay.

29. The method of claim 22, wherein said step of modifying said first signal comprises amplifying said first signal.

30. The method of claim 22, wherein said step of modifying said second signal comprises amplifying said second signal.

31. The method of claim 22, wherein said step of modifying said second signal comprises up-converting said second signal to a higher frequency band.

32. The method of claim 22, wherein said step of combining comprises amplitude modulating said second modified signal.

33. The envelope method of claim 32, wherein said second modified signal is modulated by said first modified signal.

34. The method of claim 22, wherein said step of combining comprises mixing said first modified signal and said second modified signal.

35. The method of claim 22, wherein said step of combining comprises using said first modified signal to adjust a bias of an amplifier that amplifies said second modified signal.

36. The method of claim 22, wherein said step of combining comprises using a substantially linear g_m characteristic of a dual-gate FET to provide linear gain adjustment by controlling a voltage applied to a first gate of said dual-gate FET.

37. The method of claim 22, wherein said step of combining comprises adjusting a gain of an amplifier.