Detecting a microcurrent and a microcurrent detecting circuit

• US 6,407,534 B1
• Filed: 02/06/2001
• Issued: 06/18/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 02/06/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Quallion, LLC (EnerSys)
• Original Assignee: Quallion, LLC (EnerSys)
• Inventors: Mukainakano, Hiroshi
• Primary Examiner(s): TOATLEY, GREGORY J
• Application Number:
  US09/778,274
• Time in Patent Office: 497 Days
• Field of Search: 320/166, 320/162, 324/426, 324/76.11, 324/123
• US Class Current: 320/162
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3648 comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/382 Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC

Abstract

Current flows from the secondary battery via the current mirror circuit to the regenerative capacitor. The current mirror circuit multiplies by a numerical constant the current flowing from the secondary battery and supplies the amplified current through the regenerative capacitor. When a voltage value of the regenerative capacitor reaches a predetermined maximum value, the current flows from the regenerative capacitor to the external load. The current flow from the regenerative capacitor continues until the voltage decreases to a predetermined minimum value. Immediately before the voltage of the regenerative capacitor reaches the predetermined minimum value, a terminal voltage of the secondary battery in an open state is measured. This structure enables a charging-and-discharging microcurrent from the secondary battery to be easily monitored, while simultaneously detecting a remaining capacity of the secondary battery.

Claims

1. A battery circuit comprising:

a capacitor selectively connectable to a secondary battery;

a current amplifier amplifying battery current received from the secondary battery and supplying output current to the capacitor; and

a monitor circuit coupled to the capacitor to detect a characteristic of the secondary battery indirectly by measuring a voltage of the capacitor or by measuring a capacitor discharge current from the capacitor.

2. The battery circuit of claim 1, further comprising terminals for receiving a replaceable secondary battery, the capacitor selectively connected to the terminals.

3. The battery circuit of claim 1, wherein the current amplifier has a gain greater than one.

4. The battery circuit of claim 1, wherein the current amplifier is a current mirror circuit.

5. The battery circuit of claim 4, wherein the current mirror circuit includes two transistors, at least a portion of current flowing from a secondary battery through a first transistor and the battery current flowing through a second transistor responsive to the current flowing through the first transistor.

6. The battery circuit of claim 5, further comprising at least two switches, the first switch selectively completing a current path from the secondary battery to the capacitor through the current amplifier, and the second switch selectively connecting the drain terminals of the first and second transistors.

7. The battery circuit of claim 1, further comprising a secondary battery voltage monitor circuit to detect voltage of the secondary battery.

8. The battery circuit of claim 1, further comprising a transformer and a rectifier adapted to receive charging power through a wireless coupling, the transformer and the rectifier providing a charging current supplied to the secondary battery.

9. The battery circuit of claim 1, further comprising a control circuit for outputting a battery remaining stored charge, battery voltage, and number of charging cycles to a wave modulator and an antenna to transfer the battery remaining capacitance, battery voltage and the number of charging cycles to an external device.

10. The battery circuit of claim 1, further comprising a transformer and a rectifier adapted to receive charging power through a wireless coupling, the transformer and the rectifier providing a charging current supplied to the secondary battery, and a control circuit for outputting a battery remaining stored charge, battery voltage, and number of charging cycles to a wave modulator and an antenna to transfer the battery remaining capacitance, battery voltage and the number of charging cycles to an external device.

11. A battery circuit comprising:

a secondary battery;

a current amplifier amplifying current from the secondary battery and supplying output current to a capacitor, a current path from the secondary battery to the capacitor selectively connected to charge the capacitor;

a monitor circuit coupled to the capacitor to detect a characteristic of the secondary battery indirectly by measuring a voltage of the capacitor with the capacitor disconnected from the secondary battery.

12. The battery circuit of claim 11, wherein the current amplifier has a gain greater than one.

13. The battery circuit of claim 11, wherein the current amplifier is a current mirror circuit.

14. The battery circuit of claim 13, wherein the current mirror circuit includes two transistors, at least a portion of current flowing from a secondary battery through a first transistor and the battery current flowing through a second transistor responsive to the current flowing through the first transistor.

15. The battery circuit of claim 14, further comprising at least two switches, the first switch selectively completing a current path from the secondary battery to the capacitor through the current amplifier, and the second switch selectively connecting the drain terminals of the first and second transistors.

16. The battery circuit of claim 11, further comprising a secondary battery voltage monitor circuit to detect voltage of the secondary battery.

17. The battery circuit of claim 11, further comprising a transformer and a rectifier adapted to receive charging power through a wireless coupling, the transformer and the rectifier providing a charging current supplied to the secondary battery.

18. The battery circuit of claim 11, further comprising a control circuit for outputting a battery remaining stored charge, battery voltage, and number of charging cycles to a wave modulator and an antenna to transfer the battery remaining capacitance, battery voltage and the number of charging cycles to an external device.

19. The battery circuit of claim 11, further comprising a transformer and a rectifier adapted to receive charging power through a wireless coupling, the transformer and the rectifier providing a charging current supplied to the secondary battery, and a control circuit for outputting a battery remaining stored charge, battery voltage, and number of charging cycles to a wave modulator and an antenna to transfer the battery remaining capacitance, battery voltage and the number of charging cycles to an external device.

20. A method of measuring a microcurrent flowing from a secondary battery in a battery circuit, the method comprising:

turning a first switch ON to connect the secondary battery to a capacitor in common with gate terminals of first and second transistors constituting a current amplifier and turning a second switch OFF to disconnect drain terminals of the first and second transistors,

monitoring a terminal voltage of the capacitor with a capacitor voltage monitor to identify when the terminal voltage of the capacitor increases to a predetermined maximum voltage;

turning the first switch OFF and the second switch ON to connect the capacitor and an external load when the terminal voltage of the capacitor reaches the predetermined maximum voltage;

monitoring the terminal voltage of the capacitor with the capacitor voltage monitor to identify when the terminal voltage of the capacitor decreases to a predetermined minimum voltage; and

turning the first switch ON and turning the second switch OFF to repeat the same cycle.

21. The method of claim 20, additionally comprising monitoring the voltage of the secondary battery.

22. The method of claim 20, additionally comprising charging the secondary battery via a transformer and a rectifier.

23. The method of claim 20, additionally comprising outputting a battery remaining stored charge, battery voltage, and the number of charging cycles to an external device to an external device.

24. The method of claim 23, further comprising charging the secondary battery via a transformer and a rectifier, and outputting a battery remaining stored charge, battery voltage, and the number of charging cycles to an external device to an external device.