Process for carrying out a non-contact remote enquiry

• US 6,407,695 B1
• Filed: 01/04/1999
• Issued: 06/18/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 05/07/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Hera Rotterdam B.V.
• Original Assignee: Hera Rotterdam B.V.
• Inventors: Küng, Roland, Stierlin, Roland
• Primary Examiner(s): Gregory, Bernarr E.
• Application Number:
  US09/180,409
• Time in Patent Office: 1,261 Days
• Field of Search: 342/33-40, 342/42-51, 342/175, 342/194, 342/195, 342/196, 342/200-202, 342/165-174
• US Class Current: 342/42
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/34 using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/755 using delay lines, e.g. acoustic delay lines
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/40 Means for monitoring or calibrating
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 9/1455 constituted of N parallel or series transducers
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 9/42 using surface acoustic waves devices for manipulating acoustic surface waves in general G10K11/36
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 9/6406 Filters characterised by a particular frequency characteristic

Abstract

The invention relates to a system suitable for a remote interrogation of passive transponders using chirp signals for interrogation. The transponder preferably has an encoding unit (11), a calibrating unit (12) and a measuring unit (13) each with a plurality of parallel channels (11.1 to 11.5, 12.1 and 13.1 to 13.2). The encoding unit and the calibrating unit are preferably jointly incorporated with a common delay line (14) on the same SAW chip. The interrogation signals received in the transponder via an antenna (10) are delayed characteristically and code-specifically, in particular in the encoding and calibrating unit. Decoding in the interrogation station is preformed by discrete Fourier transformation of the response signal and subsequent evaluation of the spectrum. To correct general disturbing influences on the delay of the response signal, said signal is calibrated using a single calibrating component in the response signal. Calibration occurs by appropriate shift of the spectrum of the stored response signal. For partial correction of individual disturbing influences on the delay of the response signal components, the calibrated response signal undergoes additional correction. If further measuring response signals similar to the identifying and calibrating response signals are produced then they can, for example, be used to measure temperature by appropriate evaluation of the digitally stored response signal. The preferred combination of measuring and encoding unit enables each transponder to be calibrated individually, and consequently, for example, measurement of the absolute temperature.

Claims

1. Process for carrying out a non-contact remote interrogation of a mobile transponder, comprising:

emitting an interrogation signal (Q) from an interrogation station; and

with a surface acoustic wave (SAW) element in said mobile transponder, converting said interrogation signal into an information-carrying response signal that is returned to the interrogation station,

wherein the SAW element;

a) generates a predetermined number of identifying signal components for said response signal with code-specific characteristics for a position encoding such that in any one of a plurality of characterization windows exactly one of a plurality of characterization slots contains one of said plurality of identifying signal components; and

b) includes a reference signal component at a predetermined position within a reference window in said response signal.

2. Process according to claim 1,

wherein said response signal comprises exactly one of said reference signal component, and

wherein said reference signal component has a shorter propagation delay through said SAW element than do said plurality of identifying signal components, and

wherein said reference signal component is separated vis-à -vis the plurality of identifying signal components by a time of a predetermined duration.

3. Process according to claim 1,

wherein said interrogation signal comprises a chirp, and

wherein said process further comprises:

storing said response signal as a sampled, digitized time signal, and

obtaining identifying information from a discrete Fourier tranform (FFT) of said stored sampled, digitized time signal.

4. Process according to claim 1, further comprising:

weighing said response signal with a window function to yield a weighted response signal;

calculating a discrete Fourier transformation of said weighted response signal to yield a spectrum;

determining an actual position of the reference signal component in said spectrum; and

comparing said actual position with a predetermined desired position.

5. Process according to claim 4, characterized in that

a) the stored response signal is multiplied by a function f(t)=e⁻

jΔ

ω

t and stored as a calibrated time signal, wherein Δ

ω

is a frequency shift determined by the comparison of the actual and desired positions of the reference signal component;

b) the result of the multiplication is weighted with a window function and undergoes a discrete Fourier transformation of said calibrated time signal to yield a second spectrum;

c) in the second spectrum the maxima of the samples are determined in a plurality of frequency windows and it is subsequently tested whether the received maximum samples have a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio, before the corresponding code is determined.

6. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the identifying signal components are successively evaluated as a block, and wherein a temperature-dependent characteristic of said identifying signal components is compensated as a block.

7. Process according to claim 6, characterized in that

a) prior to the determination of the code contained in the identifying signal components an additional, calculated correction takes place in a plurality of frequency windows, wherein a temperature-dependent frequency shift δ

Δ

ω

is determined from the spectrum of the calibrated time signal by correlation of the position of all samples being sufficiently close to the calibrated sample with their desired positions,

b) the stored and calibrated time signal is subsequently multiplied by a function f(t)=e<sup>−

jΔ

ω

t</sup>, weighted with a window function and Fourier transformed,

c) the maximum samples are determined in the not yet decoded frequency windows of the resulting spectrum,

d) said samples are tested as to whether they have a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio, before the a corresponding part of the code is determined.

8. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the SAW element generates at least two response signal components for temperature measurement at the place of the transponder and that corresponding characteristic values of the transponder are stored in the interrogation station.

9. Process according to claim 8, characterized in that a relative change in a characteristic of at least two measuring response signal components is determined for temperature measurement and subsequently the temperature at the place of the transponder is determined with a transponder-specific characteristic value stored in the interrogation station.

10. The process of claim 1, wherein said code-specific characteristic is a propagation delay.

11. The process of claim 1, wherein said code-specific characteristic is a frequency shift.

12. System for carrying out a non-contact remote interrogation, comprising:

a) an interrogation station for emitting an interrogation signal (Q) and evaluating a response signal; and

b) a mobile transponder comprising a SAW element for converting the interrogation signal into an information-carrying response signal,

wherein the SAW element

b1) provides a position encoding, formed such that a predetermined number of identifying signal components with code-specific characteristics is generated such that in any one of a plurality of characterization windows exactly one of a plurality of characterization slots contains one of said plurality of identifying signal components, and

b2) comprises a channel such that a reference signal component with a predetermined position in a predefined reference window is added to the response signal.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein said code-specific characteristic is a propagation delay.

14. The system of claim 12, wherein said code-specific characteristic is a frequency shift.

15. Transponder for responding to a remote interrogation signal, comprising a surface acoustic wave (SAW) element having:

an encoding unit for providing a predetermined number of identifying signal components for a response signal with code-specific characteristics for a position encoding such that in any one of a plurality of characterization windows exactly one of a plurality of characterization slots contains one of said plurality of identifying signal components; and

a unit for generating a reference signal component at a predetermined position within a reference window in said response signal.

16. Transponder according to claim 15, characterized by a calibrating unit for generating exactly one calibrating response signal for correcting general disturbing influences.

17. The transponder of claim 15, wherein said code-specific characteristic is a propagation delay.

18. The transponder of claim 15, wherein said code-specific characteristic is a frequency shift.

19. A surface acoustic wave (SAW) element for responding to a remote interrogation signal, comprising:

an encoding unit with a plurality of parallel encoding channels for providing a predetermined number of identifying signal components for a response signal with code-specific characteristics for a position encoding such that in any one of a plurality of characterization windows exactly one of a plurality of characterization slots contains one of said plurality of identifying signal components; and

a unit for generating a reference signal component at a predetermined position within a reference window in said response signal.

20. SAW element according to claim 19, characterized in that a separate, propagation-increasing delay line which is common to a plurality of encoding channels is provided which is coupled to said encoding channels.

21. SAW element according to claim 20, characterized in that said encoding channels are coupled by an element selected from the group consisting of transducer electrodes, 90°

-reflectors and a reverse multiple strip coupler (RMSC).

22. SAW element according to claim 19, characterized in that the reference channel partially overlaps with an encoding channel, wherein a partially transparent reflector is provided for generating said reference signal component.

23. SAW element according to claim 19, characterized in that said plurality of encoding channels comprise transducers emitting on both sides and that on both sides of said transducers reflectors are provided in code-specific distances.

24. SAW element according to claim 19, wherein said plurality of encoding channels comprise transducers emitting on one side and that on the emitting side transducers are arranged in code-specific distances.

25. The SAW element of claim 19, wherein said code-specific characteristic is a propagation delay.

26. The SAW element of claim 19, wherein said code-specific characteristic is a frequency shift.