Vibrational forced mode fluid property monitor and method

• US 6,412,354 B1
• Filed: 12/16/1999
• Issued: 07/02/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 12/16/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Halliburton Energy Services Incorporated (Halliburton Company)
• Original Assignee: Halliburton Energy Services Incorporated (Halliburton Company)
• Inventors: Vickery, Curtis M., Shah, Vimal V., Proett, Mark A., Birchak, James R., Ritter, Thomas E.
• Primary Examiner(s): KWOK, HELEN C
• Application Number:
  US09/464,728
• Time in Patent Office: 929 Days
• Field of Search: 738/613.51, 738/613.54, 738/613.56, 738/613.57, 738/612.7, 738/612.8, 738/612.9, 738/613.1, 738/611.8
• US Class Current: 73/861.356
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/02491 Materials with nonlinear acoustic properties
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/02818 Density, viscosity
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/02836 Flow rate, liquid level
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/102 one emitter, one receiver
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/036 by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/348 with frequency characteristics, e.g. single frequency signals, chirp signals measuring frequency of mechanical vibrations or acoustic waves in general G01H1/06, G01H3/04; measuring frequency or analysing frequency spectra G01R23/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/449 Statistical methods not provided for in G01N29/4409, e.g. averaging, smoothing and interpolation
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/46 by spectral analysis, e.g. Fourier analysis or wavelet analysis spectral signal processing per se G06F17/14
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 9/002 using variation of the resonant frequency of an element vibrating in contact with the material submitted to analysis G01N9/34 takes precedence

Abstract

A fluid property monitor includes a transducer assembly to impart multiple frequency energy to a conduit in one or more modes and to receive resonant frequency energy from the conduit. The resonant frequency energy is responsive to the imparted energy, the conduit and a fluid in the conduit. The fluid property monitor can also be defined as including: a frequency signal generator connected to cause multiple frequency energy to be transferred to a conduit having a fluid to be monitored; and a spectral analysis signal processor connected to receive and process electrical signals generated in response to vibrations propagated through the conduit and the fluid in the conduit in response to transferred multiple frequency energy. Particular implementations can be adapted as a densitometer, a coherent flow detector, and other particular fluid parameter detectors. A method of monitoring a fluid includes: imparting multiple frequency vibration-inducing energy to a conduit and fluid system; and sensing a plurality of frequency signals from the conduit and fluid system responsive to at least part of the imparted multiple frequency vibration-inducing energy. This method can also include determining at least one characteristic of the conduit and fluid system in response to the sensed plurality of frequency signals.

Claims

1. A method of monitoring a fluid, comprising:

imparting multiple frequency vibration-inducing energy to a system including a conduit and fluid; and

sensing frequency signals from the system responsive to at least part of the imparted multiple frequency vibration-inducing energy and identifying a plurality of distinguishing frequencies within the sensed frequencies and measuring a characteristic of the fluid in response to the identified plurality of distinguishing frequencies, wherein the characteristic is in the group consisting of density, compressibility and viscosity.

2. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein measuring a characteristic includes using an averaging calculation with the distinguishing frequencies identified from the sensed frequency signals.

3. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein imparting multiple frequency vibration-inducing energy includes driving the system at multiple frequencies in multiple modes.

4. A method of monitoring a fluid as defined in claim 1, wherein:

the method further comprises flowing the fluid through the conduit;

imparting multiple frequency vibration-inducing energy includes;

driving at least one of one or more transducers disposed adjacent the conduit to impart energy to the conduit to deform the conduit in a flexural mode;

driving at least one of the one or more transducers to impart energy to the conduit to deform the conduit in a radial hoop mode; and

driving at least one of the one or more transducers to impart energy to the conduit to deform the conduit in a radial oval mode; and

sensing frequency signals includes generating signals, with at least one of the one or more transducers, in response to the driving steps.

5. A method as defined in claim 4, wherein:

identifying a plurality of distinguishing frequencies includes identifying resonant frequencies in the generated signals for each mode; and

measuring a characteristic of the fluid occurs in response to an averaging calculation using the identified resonant frequencies.

6. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein imparting multiple frequency vibration-inducing energy includes using a plurality of inertial transducers connected to the conduit.

7. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein imparting multiple frequency vibration-inducing energy includes operating a plurality of transducers mechanically mounted only to the conduit.

8. A method as defined in claim 2, wherein measuring a characteristic further includes using calibration information from a respective plurality of resonant frequency responses for each of a plurality of calibration fluids.

9. A method as defined in claim 8, wherein imparting multiple frequency vibration-inducing energy includes driving the system at multiple frequencies in multiple modes.

10. A fluid property monitor, comprising:

a transducer assembly to impart multiple frequency energy to a conduit in multiple modes, and to receive resonant frequency energy from the conduit, wherein the resonant frequency energy is responsive to the imparted energy, the conduit and a fluid in the conduit;

a frequency signal generator connected to cause respective multiple frequency energy to be transferred through the transducer assembly to the conduit for each of the multiple modes; and

a spectral analysis signal processor connected to receive and process electrical signals generated in response to vibrations propagated through the conduit and the fluid in the conduit in response to transferred multiple frequency energy so that multiple distinguishing resonant frequencies are identified for each mode for determining a respective characteristic of the fluid.

11. A fluid property monitor as defined in claim 10, wherein the multiple frequency energy is acoustic energy within the range of about 100 hertz to about 20,000 hertz.

12. A fluid property monitor as defined in claim 10, wherein the transducer assembly mechanically mounts only to the conduit.

13. A fluid property monitor as defined in claim 10, wherein the transducer assembly includes a transducer comprising a base held adjacent the conduit and having stacked thereon:

a first insulating washer adjacent the base;

a first electrode adjacent the first insulating washer;

a piezoelectric member adjacent the first electrode;

a second electrode adjacent the piezoelectric member;

a second insulating washer adjacent the second electrode; and

a Bellville spring washer adjacent the second insulating washer.

14. A fluid property monitor as defined in claim 10, wherein the transducer assembly includes:

a moment arm member connected to and extending radially from the conduit; and

a vibration-inducing member connected to the moment arm member at a location thereon spaced from the conduit such that vibrations generated by the vibration-inducing member are applied to the conduit through the moment arm member.

15. A fluid property monitor to measure a respective characteristic of a fluid in the group consisting of a cement slurry, a stimulation fluid, and a drilling mud, comprising a transducer assembly configured to mount on the outside of a conduit, which conduit has the fluid under pressure, for imparting multiple frequency energy to the conduit so that the conduit deforms in multiple modes of vibration of cylindrical shells including at least flexural and oval modes of standing wave patterns, and for receiving resonant frequency energy from the conduit, wherein the resonant frequency energy is at a plurality of frequencies responsive to the imparted energy, the conduit and the respective characteristic of the fluid in the conduit.

16. A fluid property monitor as defined in claim 15, wherein the multiple frequency energy is acoustic energy having frequencies within the range of about 100 hertz to about 20,000 hertz.

17. A fluid property monitor as defined in claim 15, wherein the multiple frequency energy is acoustic energy having frequencies within the range of about 3,000 hertz to about 14,000 hertz.

18. A fluid property monitor as defined in claim 15, wherein the respective characteristic is in the group consisting of density, compressibility, and viscosity.

19. A fluid property monitor as defined in claim 15, wherein the transducer assembly includes a transducer comprising a base held adjacent the conduit and having stacked thereon:

a first insulating washer adjacent the base;

a first electrode adjacent the first insulating washer,

a piezoelectric member adjacent the first electrode;

a second electrode adjacent the piezoelectric member;

a second insulating washer adjacent the second electrode; and

a Bellville spring washer adjacent the second insulating washer.

20. A fluid property monitor as defined in claim 15, wherein the transducer assembly includes:

a moment arm member connected to and extending radially from the conduit; and

a vibration-inducing member connected to the moment arm member at a location thereon spaced from the conduit such that vibrations generated by the vibration-inducing member are applied to the conduit through the moment arm member.

21. A method of measuring a characteristic of a fluid, comprising:

imparting multiple frequency energy at frequencies within the range of about 100 hertz to about 20,000 hertz to a conduit and fluid system such that the conduit is deformed to vibrate in at least a flexural mode and an oval mode;

sensing a plurality of frequency signals from the conduit and fluid system responsive to at least part of the imparted multiple frequency energy; and

determining a respective characteristic of the conduit and fluid system in response to the sensed plurality of frequency signals.

22. A method of monitoring a fluid as defined in claim 21, wherein the multiple frequency energy is acoustic energy having frequencies within the range of about 3,000 hertz to about 14,000 hertz.

23. A method of monitoring a fluid as defined in claim 22, wherein the at least one characteristic is in the group consisting of density, compressibility, and viscosity.

24. A method of monitoring a fluid as defined in claim 21, wherein the at least one characteristic is in the group consisting of density, compressibility, and viscosity.

25. A method of monitoring a fluid as defined in claim 21, wherein determining at least one characteristic of the conduit and fluid system includes using resonant frequencies and associated bandwidths from the sensed plurality of frequency signals.

26. A method as defined in claim 21, wherein determining a respective characteristic includes using calibration information from a respective plurality of resonant frequency responses for each of a plurality of calibration fluids and using an average of the sensed plurality of frequency signals.

27. A method of measuring density of a fluid, comprising:

imparting to a system, for each of at least three vibrational modes, respective multiple frequency energy at frequencies within the range of about 100 hertz to about 20,000 hertz such that the conduit is deformed to vibrate, wherein the system includes a conduit having a fluid whose density is to be measured and wherein the fluid is in the group consisting of a cement slurry, a stimulation fluid and a drilling mud;

sensing a plurality of distinguishing resonant frequency signals from the system responsive to at least part of the imparted multiple frequency energy; and

measuring density of the fluid in response to the sensed plurality of frequency signals, including using calibration information from a respective plurality of resonant frequency responses for each of a plurality of calibration fluids and using an averaging calculation with the plurality of distinguishing resonant frequency signals.