Multilayer article and method of making by ARC plasma deposition

• US 6,426,125 B1
• Filed: 03/17/1999
• Issued: 07/30/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 03/17/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Sabic Innovative Plastics IP BV (Government of Saudi Arabia)
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Iacovangelo, Charles Dominic, Yang, Barry Lee-Mean
• Primary Examiner(s): PADGETT, MARIANNE L
• Application Number:
  US09/271,654
• Time in Patent Office: 1,231 Days
• Field of Search: 427/453, 427/455, 427/529, 427/530, 427/531, 427/564, 427/566, 427/567, 427/576, 427/580, 427/525, 427/527, 427/579, 427/489, 427/563, 427/452, 204/192.38
• US Class Current: 427/488
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 17/3417 all coatings being oxide coatings
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 17/3435 comprising a nitride, oxynitride, boronitride or carbonitride
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 17/3441 comprising carbon, a carbide or oxycarbide
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 17/347 comprising a sulfide or oxysulfide
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 17/42 at least one coating of an organic material and at least one non-metal coating
• CPC Class Codes: C23C 14/22 characterised by the process of coating
• CPC Class Codes: C23C 14/32 by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours , e.g. ion-platingC23C14/34 - C23C14/48 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C23C 16/513 using plasma jets
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24942 including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31663 As siloxane, silicone or silane

Abstract

According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a method of forming a plurality of layers on an article comprises steps of generating a plasma by forming an arc between a cathode and an anode; injecting a first material comprising an organic compound into the plasma to deposit a first layer on the article; injecting a second material comprising an organometallic material into the plasma to form a second layer on the first layer; and injecting a third material comprising a silicon containing organic compound into the plasma to deposit a third layer on the second layer. The invention also relates to an article of manufacture comprising a substrate; an interlayer disposed on the substrate; a second layer disposed on the interlayer, the second layer comprising an inorganic ultraviolet absorbing material; and a third layer disposed on the second layer, the third layer comprising an abrasion resistant material. The interlayer may comprise a polymerized organosilicon material or a polymerized hydrocarbon material, for example. The second layer may comprise a metal oxide or zinc sulfide, for example. The third layer may comprise an oxidized organosilicon material, for example.

Claims

1. A method of depositing a plurality of layers on an article, the method comprising steps of:

flowing a plasma gas in a plasma generation chamber in communication with a deposition chamber, the deposition chamber having a lower pressure than the plasma generation chamber, the article being disposed in the deposition chamber;

generating an arc in the plasma generation chamber to create a plasma, which flows into the deposition chamber;

injecting a first material into the plasma and reacting the first material to form an interlayer on the article, the interlayer comprising a polymerized organosilicon material; and

injecting a second material into the plasma and reacting the second material to form a second layer comprising an inorganic ultraviolet absorbing material on the interlayer, the second material comprising a gaseous reagent, wherein the interlayer has a coefficient of thermal expansion that is between that of the substrate and the second layer.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first material comprises a first organosilicon material, the second material comprises a second organosilicon material, and the method further comprises the step of injecting an oxidant with the second material.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first material comprises an organosilicon material, the second material comprises an organometallic material, and the method further comprises the step of injecting an oxidant with the second material.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of injecting a third material into the plasma and reacting the third material to form a third layer comprising an abrasion resistant material on the second layer.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first material comprises an organosilicon.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first material comprises octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first material comprises tetramethyldisiloxane.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the interlayer comprises polymerized octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the interlayer comprises polymerized tetramethyldisiloxane.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the second material comprises an organometallic material.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of injecting an oxidant with the second material and reacting the oxidant with the second material to form the second layer, wherein the second layer is an oxide.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the second material comprises dimethyl zinc.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of injecting oxygen with the dimethyl zinc.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the second material comprises diethyl zinc.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein the second material comprises titanium isopropoxide.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the second material comprises cerium IV tetrabutoxide.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein the second layer comprises zinc oxide.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein the second layer comprises titanium dioxide.

19. The method of claim 1, wherein the second layer comprises cerium dioxide.

20. The method of claim 1, wherein the second layer comprises zinc sulfide.

21. The method of claim 1, wherein the second layer comprises an inorganic material.

22. The method of claim 4, wherein the third material comprises an organosilicon material.

23. The method of claim 4, further comprising the step of injecting an oxidant with the third material.

24. The method of claim 4, wherein the third material comprises octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane.

25. The method of claim 4, wherein the third material comprises tetramethyldisiloxane.

26. The method of claim 4, wherein the third material comprises hexamethyldisiloxane.

27. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of injecting oxygen into the plasma with the second material and reacting the oxygen with the second material to form the second layer, wherein a flow rate of the oxygen is sufficiently large to form the second layer in a crystalline form, and wherein the second layer is an oxide.

28. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of injecting oxygen into the plasma with the second material and reacting the oxygen with the second material to form the second layer, wherein a flow rate of the oxygen is greater than or equal to a stoichiometric flow rate of oxygen necessary to completely react the second material, and wherein the second layer is an oxide.

29. The method of claim 4, wherein first, second, and third layers are deposited in a total deposition time of less than 45 seconds.

30. The method of claim 4, wherein the first, second, and third layers are deposited in a total deposition time of less than 30 seconds.

31. The method of claim 4, wherein the first, second, and third layers are deposited in a total deposition time of less than 20 seconds.

32. The method of claim 29, wherein the first, second, and third layers are deposited without intermittent cooling between deposits of individual layers.

33. The method of claim 29, wherein two of the three layers are deposited successively without a cooling period therebetween.

34. The method of claim 1, wherein the second layer has an ultraviolet absorbance of at least 1.0.

35. The method of claim 1, wherein the second layer has an ultraviolet absorbance of at least 2.0.

36. The method of claim 29, wherein the third layer has a delta haze value of less than or equal to 4.0 percent under the Taber Abrasion Test, ASTM Test Method D1044, with a load of 1000 grams evenly distributed on two wear wheels of type CS-10F for 1000 cycles.

37. The method of claims 29, wherein the third layer has a delta haze value of less than or equal to 2.0 percent under the Taber Abrasion Test, ASTM Test Method D1044, with a load of 1000 grams evenly distributed on two wear wheels of type CS-10F for 1000 cycles.

38. The method of claim 1, wherein the second material is injected before termination of a flow of the first material to produce a graded transition between the first layer and the second layer.

39. The method of claim 4, wherein the third material is injected before termination of a flow of the second material to produce a graded transition between the second layer and the third layer.

40. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of controlling the flow of the plasma with a nozzle, which extends from an anode used to generate the arc.

41. The method of claim 40, wherein the nozzle has a conical shape.

42. The method of claim 1, wherein an oxidant is not injected with the first material.

43. The method of claim 1, wherein the second layer comprises an ultraviolet absorbing material having an ultraviolet absorbance value of at least 1.0.

44. The method of claim 1 wherein the second layer comprises an ultraviolet absorbing material having an ultraviolet absorbance value of at least 2.0.

45. The method of claim 4, wherein the third layer comprises an abrasion resistant material having a delta haze value of at most 4.0 percent.

46. The method of claim 44, wherein the third layer comprises an abrasion resistant material having a delta haze value of at most 2.0 percent.

47. The method of claim 1, wherein the article comprises glass.

48. The method of claim 1, wherein the second layer comprises zinc oxide doped with indium.

49. The method of claim 1, wherein the second layer comprises doped zinc oxide.

50. The method of claim 1, wherein the second layer comprises zinc oxide doped with a member selected from the group consisting of aluminum, fluorine, boron, gallium, thallium, copper, and iron.