Methods and apparatus for aerosolizing a substance

• US 6,427,682 B1
• Filed: 01/14/2000
• Issued: 08/06/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 04/05/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Novartis Pharma AG (Novartis Ag)
• Original Assignee: Aerogen, Inc. (Nektar Therapeutics)
• Inventors: Ivri, Yehuda, Klimowicz, Mike
• Primary Examiner(s): Dawson, Glenn K.
• Application Number:
  US09/483,096
• Time in Patent Office: 935 Days
• Field of Search: 128/200.14, 128/200.16, 128/200.23, 128/200.24, 128/203.12, 128/203.15, 128/207.14
• US Class Current: 128/200.16
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 11/005 using ultrasonics spraying or atomising liquids using ultrasonic vibrations in general B05B17/06
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 11/007 Syringe-type or piston-type sprayers or atomisers
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 15/0065 Inhalators with dosage or measuring devices A61M15/0028 takes precedence; dosage devices incorporated in aerosol cans B65D83/52
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 15/0085 using ultrasonics spraying or atomising liquids using ultrasonic vibrations in general B05B17/06
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 15/025 Bubble jet droplet ejection devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0021 with a proportional output signal, e.g. from a thermistor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/0233 Conductive materials, e.g. antistatic coatings for spark prevention
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3306 Optical measuring means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/707 Testing of filters for clogging
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/8206 battery-operated
• CPC Class Codes: B05B 17/0646 Vibrating plates, i.e. plates being directly subjected to the vibrations, e.g. having a piezoelectric transducer attached thereto
• CPC Class Codes: B05B 17/0676 Feeding means

Abstract

A device for aerosolizing a liquid includes a chamber having a deformable wall which expands and contracts as fluid is delivered and expelled from a fluid chamber. The chamber is partially bounded by a vibrating structure having holes therein for expelling the fluid. In another aspect, the invention provides exemplary aerosolization apparatus and methods for aerosolizing a substance. A liquid is transferred from a first chamber into a second chamber having a substance that is in a dry state to form a solution. The solution is then transferred from the second chamber and onto an atomization member. The atomization member is operated to aerosolize the solution.

Claims

1. A device for aerosolizing a liquid, comprising:

a housing;

a vibrating structure having a front side, a back side and a plurality of holes extending between the front and back sides, the vibrating structure being mounted within the housing;

means for vibrating the vibrating structure;

a container containing a fluid and mounted within the housing;

a chamber having a deformable wall movable between a collapsed position and an expanded position, the chamber being partially defined by the back side of the vibrating element, the chamber receiving fluid from the container for delivery through the plurality of holes in the vibrating element upon vibration with the vibrating means.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein:

the chamber moves to the expanded position in response to fluid being delivered to the chamber and moves to the collapsed position as fluid is expelled through the plurality of holes.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein:

the chamber contains a volume of 10-1000 μ

L in the expanded position.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein:

the chamber contains a volume of less than 10 μ

L when in the collapsed position.

5. The device of claim 1, further comprising:

a valve positioned between the container and the chamber, the valve preventing flow from the chamber to the container.

6. The device of claim 5, wherein:

the valve encloses part of the chamber.

7. The device of claim 6, wherein:

the valve is removably mounted to the housing and is replaced together with the container.

8. The device of claim 1, wherein:

the vibrating means is a piezoelectric element coupled to the vibrating structure.

9. The device of claim 1, further comprising:

a fluid outlet positioned to deliver fluid from the container to the chamber, the fluid outlet being positioned no more than 1 mm from the back side of the vibrating structure.

10. The device of claim 1, wherein:

the chamber contains the fluid at a fluid pressure of less than 15 psi when in the expanded position.

11. The device of claim 1, wherein:

the chamber contains the fluid at a fluid pressure of less than 5 psi when in the expanded position.

12. The device of claim 1, wherein:

the container has a piston movable within a fluid cylinder containing the fluid, the piston being movable within the cylinder to deliver a known quantity of fluid to the chamber.

13. The device of claim 1, wherein:

the container is removably mounted to the housing for replacement with another container.

14. The device of claim 1, wherein:

the wall is attached to the container and is replaced when the container is replaced.

15. The device of claim 1, wherein:

the wall has a portion which generally conforms to a shape of the back side of the vibrating structure when in the collapsed position.

16. The device of claim 1, wherein:

the wall bows outward and away from the vibrating structure when moving from the collapsed position to the expanded position.

17. The device of claim 1, wherein:

the wall is mounted to the vibrating structure.

18. The device of claim 1, wherein:

the vibrating structure vibrates at a frequency of 120-150 kHz.

19. A method of aerosolizing a liquid, comprising the steps of:

providing a device for a zing a liquid, the device having a housing, a vibrating structure, a container, and a fluid chamber, the vibrating structure having a plurality of holes therein extending between a front side and a back side, the container containing a fluid and having a fluid outlet through which fluid is expelled into the fluid chamber, the container being mounted within the housing, the chamber being at least partially defined by a wall and the back side of the vibrating structure, the chamber being movable between a collapsed position and an expanded position;

delivering a desired quantity of fluid to the fluid chamber, the delivering step being carried out with the chamber moving toward the expanded position; and

vibrating the vibrating structure to expel the desired quantity of fluid from the fluid chamber, the vibrating step expelling fluid which causes the wall to move toward the collapsed position.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising the step of:

removing and replacing the valve and the container with another valve and container.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein:

the delivering step is carried out with a fluid pressure of less than 15 psi in the chamber.

22. The method of claim 19, further comprising the step of:

removing and replacing the wall.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein:

the removing and replacing step is carried out by also removing and replacing the container.

24. The method of claim 19, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with a spring urging the wall against the vibrating structure to seal the wall.

25. The method of claim 19, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with the wall attached to the container.

26. The method of claim 19, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with the wall having a portion which generally conforms to a shape of the back side of the vibrating structure when in the collapsed position.

27. The method of claim 19, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with the wall mounted to the vibrating structure.

28. The method of claim 19, wherein:

the vibrating step is carried out with the pressure in the chamber being less than a pressure at the front side of the vibrating structure.

29. A method of aerosolizing a liquid, comprising the steps of:

providing a device for aerosolizing a liquid, the device having a housing, a vibrating structure, a container, and a fluid chamber, the vibrating structure having a plurality of holes therein extending between a front side and a back side, the container containing a fluid and having a fluid outlet through which fluid is expelled into the fluid chamber, the container being mounted within the housing, the chamber being at least partially defined by a wall and the back side of the vibrating structure, the chamber being movable from a collapsed position to an expanded position, the chamber having a volume of 10-1000 μ

L in the expanded condition;

delivering a desired quantity of fluid to the fluid chamber; and

vibrating the vibrating element to expel the desired quantity of fluid from the fluid chamber.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein:

the delivering step is carried out with the chamber moving toward the expanded position; and

the vibrating step expels fluid which causes the wall to move toward the collapsed position.

31. The method of claim 29, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with a valve positioned between the container and the chamber, the valve preventing flow from the chamber to the container.

32. The method of claim 29, wherein:

the delivering step is carried out with a fluid pressure of less than 15 psi in the chamber.

33. The method of claim 29, further comprising the step of:

removing and replacing the wall.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein:

the removing and replacing step is carried out by also removing and replacing the container.

35. The method of claim 29, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with a spring urging the wall against the vibrating structure to seal the wall.

36. The method of claim 29, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with the wall attached to the container.

37. The method of claim 29, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with the wall having a portion which generally conforms to a shape of the back side of the vibrating structure when in the collapsed position.

38. The method of claim 29, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with the wall mounted to the vibrating structure.

39. The method of claim 29, wherein:

the vibrating step is carried out with the pressure in the chamber being less than a pressure at the front side of the vibrating structure.

40. A method of aerosolizing a liquid, comprising the steps of:

providing a device for aerosolizing a liquid, the device having a housing, a vibrating structure, a container, and a fluid chamber, the vibrating structure having a plurality of holes therein extending between a front side and a back side, the container containing a fluid and having a fluid outlet through which fluid is expelled into the fluid chamber, the container being mounted within the housing, the chamber being at least partially defined by a wall and the back side of the vibrating structure, the providing step being carried out with a valve positioned between the container and the chamber, the valve preventing flow from the chamber to the container;

delivering a desired quantity of fluid to the fluid chamber; and

vibrating the vibrating structure to expel the desired quantity of fluid from the fluid chamber.

41. The method of claim 40, wherein:

the delivering step is carried out with the chamber moving toward a expanded position; and

the vibrating step expels fluid which causes the wall to move toward collapsed position.

42. The method of claim 40, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with the chamber having a volume of 10-1000 μ

L in the expanded position.

43. The method of claim 40, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with the wall having a portion which generally conforms to a shape of the back side of the vibrating structure when in the collapsed position.

44. The method of claim 40, further comprising the step of:

removing and replacing the valve and the container with another valve and container.

45. The method of claim 40, wherein:

the delivering step is carried out with a fluid pressure of less than 15 psi in the chamber.

46. The method of claim 40, further comprising the step of:

removing and replacing the wall.

47. The method of claim 40, wherein:

the removing and replacing step is carried out by also removing and replacing the container.

48. The method of claim 40, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with a spring urging the wall against the vibrating structure to seal the wall.

49. The method of claim 40, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with the wall attached to the container.

50. The method of claim 40, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with the wall mounted to the vibrating structure.

51. The method of claim 40, wherein:

the vibrating step is carried out with the pressure in the chamber being less than a pressure at the front side of the vibrating structure.

52. A method of aerosolizing a liquid, comprising the steps of:

providing a device for aerosolizing a liquid, the device having a housing, a vibrating structure, a container, and a chamber, the vibrating structure having a plurality of holes therein extending between a front side and a back side, the container containing a fluid and having a fluid outlet through which fluid is expelled into the fluid chamber, the container being mounted within the housing, the chamber being at least partially defined by a wall and the back side of the vibrating structure, the chamber being movable from a collapsed position to an expanded position, the providing step is carried out with a valve position between the container and the chamber, thereby preventing flow from the chamber to the container and the chamber having a volume of 10-1000 μ

L in the expanded position;

delivering a desired quantity of fluid to the fluid chamber;

vibrating the vibrating element to expel the desired quantity of fluid from the fluid chamber; and

removing and replacing the valve and the container with another valve and container.

53. The method of claim 52, wherein:

the delivering step is carried out with the chamber moving toward the expanded position; and

the vibrating step expels fluid which causes the wall to move toward the collapsed position.

54. The method of claim 52, wherein:

the delivering step is carried out with a fluid pressure of less than 15 psi in the chamber.

55. The method of claim 52, further comprising the step of:

removing and replacing the wall.

56. The method of claim 55, wherein:

the removing and replacing step is carried out by also removing and replacing the container.

57. The method of claim 52, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with a spring urging the wall against the vibrating structure to seal the wall.

58. The method of claim 52, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with the wall attached to the container.

59. The method of claim 52, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with the wall having a portion which generally conforms to a shape of the back side of the vibrating structure when in the collapsed position.

60. The method of claim 52, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with the wall mounted to the vibrating structure.

61. The method of claim 52, wherein:

the vibrating step is carried out with the pressure in the chamber being less than a pressure at the front side of the vibrating structure.

62. A method of aerosolizing a liquid, comprising the steps of:

providing a device for aerosolizing a liquid, the device having a housing, a vibrating structure, a container, and a chamber, the vibrating structure having a plurality of holes therein extending between a front side and a back side, the container containing a fluid and having a fluid outlet through which fluid is expelled into the fluid chamber, the container being mounted within the housing, the chamber being at least partially defined by a wall and the back side of the vibrating structure, a spring urging the wall against the vibrating structure to seal the wall;

delivering a desired quantity of fluid to the fluid chamber; and

vibrating the vibrating element to expel the desired quantity of fluid from the fluid chamber.

63. The method of claim 62, wherein:

the delivering step is carried out with the chamber moving toward an expanded position; and

the vibrating step expels fluid which causes the wall to move toward a collapsed position.

64. The method of claim 62, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with the chamber having a volume of 10-1000 μ

L in the expanded position.

65. The method of claim 62, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with the wall having a portion which generally conforms to a shape of the back side of the vibrating structure when in the collapsed position.

66. The method of claim 62, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with a valve positioned between the container and the chamber, the valve preventing flow from the chamber to the container.

67. The method of claim 62, further comprising the step of:

removing and replacing the valve and the container with another valve and container.

68. The method of claim 62, wherein:

the delivering step is carried out with a fluid pressure of less than 15 psi in the chamber.

69. The method of claim 62, further comprising the step of:

removing and replacing the wall.

70. The method of claim 69, wherein:

the removing and replacing step is carried out by also removing and replacing the container.

71. The method of claim 62, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with the wall attached to the container.

72. The method of claim 62, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with the wall mounted to the vibrating structure.

73. The method of claim 62, wherein:

the vibrating step is carried out with the pressure in the chamber being less than a pressure at the front side of the vibrating structure.

74. A method of aerosolizing a liquid, comprising the steps of:

providing a device for aerosolizing a liquid, the device having a housing, a vibrating structure, a container, and a chamber, the vibrating structure having a plurality of holes therein extending between a front side and a back side, the container containing a fluid and having a fluid outlet through which fluid is expelled into the fluid chamber, the container being mounted within the housing, the chamber being at least partially defined by a wall and the back side of the vibrating structure, the chamber having a collapsed position, the providing step being carried out with the wall having a portion which generally conforms to a shape of the back side of the vibrating structure when in the collapsed position;

delivering a desired quantity of fluid to the fluid chamber; and

vibrating the vibrating element to expel the desired quantity of fluid from the fluid chamber.

75. The method of claim 74, wherein:

the delivering step is carried out with the chamber moving toward a expanded position; and

the vibrating step expels fluid which causes the wall to move toward the collapsed position.

76. The method of claim 74, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with the chamber having a volume of 10-1000 μ

L in the expanded position.

77. The method of claim 74, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with a valve positioned between the container and the chamber, the valve preventing flow from the chamber to the container.

78. The method of claim 74, further comprising the step of:

removing and replacing the valve and the container with another valve and container.

79. The method of claim 74, wherein:

the delivering step is carried out with a fluid pressure of less than 15 psi in the chamber.

80. The method of claim 74, further comprising the step of removing and replacing the wall.

81. The method of claim 80, wherein:

the removing and replacing step is carried out by also removing and replacing the container.

82. The method of claim 74, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with a spring urging the wall against the vibrating structure to seal the wall.

83. The method of claim 74, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with the wall attached to the container.

84. The method of claim 74, wherein:

the providing step is carried out with the wall mounted to the vibrating structure.

85. The method of claim 74, wherein:

the vibrating step is carried out with the pressure in the chamber being less than a pressure at the front side of the vibrating structure.