Method of providing safe haven within buildings during chemical or biological attack

• US 6,428,680 B1
• Filed: 07/23/1999
• Issued: 08/06/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 07/23/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Honeywell Incorporated (Honeywell International Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Honeywell International Inc.
• Inventors: Kreichauf, Ruth D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Gorgos, Kathryn
• Assistant Examiner(s): Nicolas, Wesley A.
• Application Number:
  US09/360,036
• Time in Patent Office: 1,110 Days
• Field of Search: 205/628, 205/633, 454/257, 454/902
• US Class Current: 205/628
• CPC Class Codes: A62B 11/00 Devices for reconditioning breathing air in sealed rooms chemical purification, disinfection, or sterilisation of air A61L; in aircraft or submarines, insofar as they influence the construction of the vehicle or are influenced by its construction B63B, B64D, respectively; air-conditioning in general F24F
• CPC Class Codes: A62B 13/00 Special devices for ventilating gasproof shelters ventilating in general F24F
• CPC Class Codes: A62B 15/00 Installations affording protection against poisonous or injurious substances, e.g. with separate breathing apparatus preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced B08B15/00; building aspects E04H9/00 ; use of air currents for screening F24F9/00
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 13/0211 Peroxy compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/0005 Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes purification of hydrogen C01B3/508; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 2221/44 Protection from terrorism or theft
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/32 Hydrogen storage
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 454/902 Air raid shelter ventilation

Abstract

A room in a building serving as a safe haven for human inhabitants against harmful agent attack such as chemical or biological weapon attack. The room provides an environment sealed from air-carried harmful agents wherein the sealing can be accomplished by blocking air ducts and air leakage around doors. The room can be specially built, retrofitted, or rapidly adapted to serve as a safe haven. The room can include an oxygen source such as an oxygen generator. One oxygen generator utilizes a chemical process to generate gaseous oxygen. The room preferably includes a carbon dioxide scrubber. The invention includes kits and methods for rapidly converting a room to a safe haven.

Claims

1. A method for providing a human life sustaining atmosphere in a room of a building during a harmful agent attack, the room being controlled by an air-moving system that is wholly removed from the room through one or more ventilation ducts, the method comprising the steps of:

providing means for removing gaseous carbon dioxide from air;

providing means for generating gaseous oxygen;

providing means for sealing said room from said one or more ventilation ducts;

sealing said room from said one or more ventilation ducts using said sealing means;

removing some of said carbon dioxide from said room air using said carbon dioxide removing means; and

generating oxygen using said oxygen generating means.

2. A method for providing a human life sustaining atmosphere in a room of a building during a harmful agent attack, the room being controlled by an air-moving system that is wholly removed from the room through one or more ventilation ducts, the method comprising the steps of:

providing a carbon dioxide scrubber;

providing a gaseous oxygen source;

providing sealing devices for sealing said room from said one or more ventilation ducts;

sealing said room from said one or more ventilation ducts using said sealing devices;

removing some of said carbon dioxide from said room air using said carbon dioxide scrubber; and

supplying oxygen to said room using said oxygen source.

3. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein said oxygen source is an oxygen generator and said oxygen supplying step includes generating said oxygen.

4. A method as recited in claim 3, wherein said oxygen generator is a chemical oxygen generator.

5. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein said oxygen generator is an electrical oxygen generator and said oxygen supplying step includes generating said oxygen using electrolysis of water.

6. A method as recited in claim 5, wherein said electrolysis produces a hydrogen gas, further comprising providing a hydrogen adsorption device for adsorbing said hydrogen gas and adsorbing said hydrogen gas using said adsorption device.

7. A method as recited in claim 6, wherein said hydrogen absorption device includes a metal hydride and said hydrogen gas absorption step includes passing said hydrogen gas over said metal hydride.

8. A method as recited in claim 5, further comprising providing an exhaust conduit from said room and venting hydrogen gas produced by said electrolysis from said room.

9. A method as recited in claim 8, wherein said exhaust conduit is a tube inserted into a plumbing stack from said room and said venting step includes venting said hydrogen gas into said plumbing stack.

10. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein said plumbing stack is separated from said room by a water trap and said exhaust conduit extends from said room through said water trap and into said stack, wherein said venting step includes venting said hydrogen out of said room through said water trap.

11. A method as recited in claim 10, wherein said water trap is located in a plumbing fixture selected from the group consisting of sinks, bathtubs, shower stalls, and toilets, and said venting step includes venting said hydrogen through said plumbing fixture.

12. A method as recited in claim 5, wherein said electrical oxygen generator is supplied with electricity from an electrical source external to said room.

13. A method as recited in claim 12, wherein said electrical generator is driven by an internal combustion engine and said electricity is supplied through a cable fed into said room.

14. A method as recited in claim 12, wherein said generator is a fuel cell and said electricity is supplied through a cable fed into said room.

15. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein said sealing step includes sealing air supply ducts and air return ducts.

16. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein said sealing step includes inflating gas-filled bladders in air ducts coupled to said room.

17. A method as recited in claim 2, further comprising providing at least one personal supply tube for coupling to said oxygen source, said personal supply tube having at least two opposed ends, wherein said oxygen supplying step includes coupling a first end of said oxygen supply tube to said oxygen source and placing a second end of said oxygen supply tube near a human face.

18. A method for providing a human life sustaining atmosphere in a room of a building during a harmful agent attack, the room being controlled by a climate control system that is wholly removed from the room through one or more ventilation ducts, the method comprising the steps of:

providing means for removing gaseous carbon dioxide from air;

providing means for generating gaseous oxygen;

providing means for sealing said room from said one or more ventilation ducts;

sealing said room from said one or more ventilation ducts using said sealing means;

removing some of said carbon dioxide from said room air using said carbon dioxide removing means; and

generating oxygen using said oxygen generating means.