Pharmaceutical gel and aerosol formulations and methods to administer the same to skin and mucosal surfaces

• US 6,432,415 B1
• Filed: 12/17/1999
• Issued: 08/13/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 12/17/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Atrix Laboratories, Inc. (TOLMAR Holding, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Atrix Laboratories, Inc. (TOLMAR Holding, Inc.)
• Inventors: Mumper, Russell J., Osborne, David W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Dees, Jose′ G.
• Assistant Examiner(s): George, Konata M
• Application Number:
  US09/466,380
• Time in Patent Office: 970 Days
• Field of Search: 424/401, 424/45, 424/443, 424/400
• US Class Current: 424/400
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/12 Aerosols; Foams A61K9/0043, A61K9/0056, A61K9/006, A61K9/0073 take precedence; spray-films A61K9/7015
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/7015 Drug-containing film-forming compositions, e.g. spray-on
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 1/02 Stomatological preparations, e.g. drugs for caries, aphtae, periodontitis

Abstract

Bioadhesive formulations to deliver, for both local and systemic effects, a wide variety of drugs of varying degrees of solubility are described. These formulations can be gels or aerosols and comprise a water-insoluble, pharmaceutically acceptable alkyl cellulose, a solvent system comprising a volatile solvent and water, a solubilizing agent or a dispersing agent, or a mixture thereof, and a pharmaceutical. These formulations can be made bioerodible and release the pharmaceutical in a controlled manner. Formulations further comprising a propellant such as 1,1-difluoroethane are also provided. The delivery can be made to a skin surface or to a mucosal surface. Methods for preparing and administering these formulations are also provided. Several specific examples using the anti-ulcer medication 2-amino-7-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-5H-[1]benzopyrano-[2,3-b]-pyridine-3-carboxylic acid are provided.

Claims

1. A non-water soluble, film-forming bioadhesive pharmaceutical gel comprising:

a water-insoluble alkyl cellulose from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the gel;

a solvent system comprising a mixture of from about 30% to about 90% by weight of at least one volatile solvent and from about 10% to about 25% by weight of water;

a solubilization agent or a dispersing agent or a mixture thereof, wherein said solubilization agent or said dispersing agent is not polyactylic acid; and

a pharmaceutical.

2. The gel of claim 1, wherein said alkyl cellulose is methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, propyl cellulose, or butyl cellulose, or a mixture thereof and wherein said volatile solvent is a lower alkyl alcohol, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, a volatile silicone, a propellant, or a mixture thereof.

3. The gel of claim 1, wherein the solubilization agent is imidazole.

4. The gel of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical is not very soluble in the formulation in the absence of a solubilization agent.

5. The gel of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical is an analgesic, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antihistamine, an antipruritic, an anesthetic, a vasoconstrictor, an antihypertensive, a cardiac agent, a hemostatic, a styptic, a mucolytic, an antitussive, an expectorant, a mucoprotectant, an antineoplastic, an immunologic agent, an antibiotic, an antiviral, an antidiabetic, a bronchodilator, a sympathomimetic, an adrenergic blocker, an anticholinergic, an antimuscarinic, an antispasmodic, a skeletal muscle relaxant, a uterine drug, an antimigraine drug, a sedative, a hypnotic, an anxiolytic, a central nervous system stimulant, an antidepressant, an antiepileptic, an antiemetic, a hormone, a topical antifungal, a topical bactericide, a disinfectant, a protective and adsorbent, a demulcent, an emollient, an astringent, an antiperspirant, an irritant, a rubifacient, a vesicant, a keratolytic, a cauterizing agent, a cleansing agent, an antiphlogistic, an antipruritic, a sunscreen, a melanizer, a skin bleach, a depilatory agent, a hair growth enhancer, a vulnerary agent or an epithelizing agent, or a mixture thereof.

6. The gel of claim 1, further comprising from about 1% to about 10% by weight of a polymer having bioadhesive properties, wherein said bioadhesive polymer is polycarbophil, polyvinylprrolidone, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, or a mixture thereof.

7. The gel of claim 6, wherein:

said alkyl cellulose is ethylcellulose which constitutes from about 2% to about 20% by weight of the gel;

said volatile solvent is ethanol which constitutes from about 50% to about 90% by weight of the gel;

said polymer having bioadhesive properties is polyvinylpyrrolidone or polycarbophil;

said solubilizing agent is imidazole which constitutes from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the gel;

and said pharmaceutical is 2-aminio-7-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-5H-benzopyrano-pyridine-3-carboxylic acid, which constitutes from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of the gel.

8. The gel of claim 1, further comprising a bioerodable polymer, wherein the bioerodable polymer is hydroxypropyl cellulose or a copolymer of lactic and glycolic acids, polycaprolactone, a polyorthoester, polyphosphazene or a mixture thereof, wherein the combination of said bioerodable polymer and said water-insoluble alkyl cellulose comprises from about 2% to about 25% by weight of the gel.

9. The gel of claim 1, further comprising an adjuvant.

10. The gel of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical is released in a controlled manner.

11. The gel of claim 1, wherein the pH of the formulation is from about 4.0 to about 7.0.

12. The gel of claim 11, wherein the propellant is 1,1-difluoroethane.

28. A method for delivery of an effective amount of one or more pharmaceuticals to a skin surface or a mucosal surface comprising administering the gel of claim 1 to the skin surface or to the mucosal surface.

30. The gel of claim 1, wherein the gel is an aerosol formulation.

31. The gel of claim 1, wherein said dispersing agent is a sorbitan ester, a gum, or a colloid.

32. The gel of claim 31, wherein said sorbitan ester is monooleate, monolaurate, monopalmitate, monostearate, trioleate, tristearate, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, or polysorbate 80.

33. The gel of claim 31, wherein said gum is acacia, tragacanth, xanthan, guar, or veegum.

34. The gel of claim 31, wherein said colloid is carrageenan, an alginate, gelatin, agar, or bentonite.

35. The gel of claim 1, wherein said dispersing agent is a copolymer or derivative of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, polyethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene, poloxamers, or chitosan.

36. The gel of claim 1 wherein said dispersing agent is sodium lauryl sulfate, oleic acid and its salts and esters, N-acetyl-N-ethyl morpholinum ethosulfate, or glycerol monostearate.

43. The gel of claim 7, further comprising a liquefied gas propellant or a compressed gas propellant or a mixture thereof constituting from about 20% to about 60% by weight of the gel.

13. A non-water soluble, film-forming bioadheive pharmaceutical gel comprising:

ethylcellulose which constitutes from about 01% to about 20% by weight of the gel;

a solvent system comprising a mixture of at least one volatile solvent and from about 10% to about 25% by weight of water;

a solubilization agent or a dispersing agent or a mixture thereof, wherein said solubilization agent or said dispersing agent is not polyacrylic acid; and

a pharmaceutical.

14. The gel of claim 13, wherein said volatile solvent comprises a lower alkyl alcohol, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, a volatile silicone, or a mixture thereof.

15. The gel of claim 13, wherein the volatile solvent comprises ethanol.

16. The gel of claim 14, wherein the gel is an aerosol formulation.

17. The gel of claim 14, further comprising a liquified gas propellant or a compressed gas propellant or a mixture thereof.

18. The gel of claim 17, wherein the propellant is 1,1-difluoroethane.

19. The gel of claim 13, wherein the pharmaceutical is an analgesic, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antihistamine, an antipruritic, an anesthetic, a vasoconstrictor, an antihypertensive, a cardiac agent, a hemostatic, a styptic, a mucolytic, an antitussive, an expectorant, a mucoprotectant, an antineoplastic, an immunologic agent, an antibiotic, an antiviral, an antidiabetic, a bronchodilator, a sympathomimetic, an adrenergic blocker, an anticholinergic, an antimuscarinic, an antispasmodic, a skeletal muscle relaxant, a uterine drug, an antimigraine drug, a sedative, a hypnotic, an anxiolytic, a central nervous system stimulant, an antidepressant, an antiepileptic, an antiemetic, a hormone, a topical antifungal, a topical bactericide, a disinfectant, a protective and adsorbent, a demulcent, an emollient, an astringent, an antiperspirant, an irritant, a rubifacient, a vesicant, a keratolytic, a cauterizing agent, a cleansing agent, an antiphlogistic, an antipruritic, a sunscreen, a melanizer, a skin bleach, a depilatory agent, a hair growth enhancer, a vulnerary agent or an epithelizing agent, or a mixture thereof.

20. The gel of claim 13, wherein the pharmaceutical is 2-amino-7-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-5H-[1]benzopyrano-[2,3-b]-pyridine-3-carboxylic acid, which constitutes from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of the gel.

21. The gel of claim 13, further comprising imidazole

which constitutes from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the gel.

22. The gel of claim 13, further comprising a bioerodable polymer, wherein the bioerodable polymer is hydroxypropylcellulose or a copolymer of lactic and glycolic acids, polycaprolactone, a polyorthoester, polyphosphazene, or a mixture thereof.

23. The gel of claim 13, further comprising an adjuvant.

24. The gel of claim 13, wherein the pharmaceutical is released in a controlled manner.

25. The gel of claim 13, wherein the pH of the formulation is from about 4.0 to about 7.0.

29. A method for delivery of an effective amount of one or more pharmaceuticals to a skin surface or a mucosal surface comprising administering the gel of claim 13 to the skin surface or to the mucosal surface.

37. The gel of claim 13, wherein said dispersing agent is a sorbitan ester, a gum, or a colloid.

38. The gel of claim 37, wherein said sorbitan ester is monooleate, monolaurate, monopalmitate, monostearate, trioleate, tristearate, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, or polysorbate 80.

39. The gel of claim 37, wherein said gum is acacia, tragacanth, xanthan, guar, or veegum.

40. The gel of claim 37, wherein said colloid is carrageenan, an alginate, gelatin, agar, or bentonite.

41. The gel of claim 13, wherein said dispersing agent is a copolymer or derivative of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, polyethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene, poloxamers, or chitosan.

42. The gel of claim 13, wherein said dispersing agent is sodium lauryl sulfate, oleic acid and its salts and esters, N-acetyl-N-ethyl morpholinum ethosulfate, or glycerol monostearate.

26. A non-water soluble, film-forming bioadhesive pharmaceutical gel comprising:

ethylcellulose which constitutes from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the gel;

ethanol which constitutes from about 60% to about 90% by weight of the gel;

water up to about 25% by weight of the gel;

hydroxypropylcellulose as a bioerodable polymer constituting up to about 2% by weight of the gel;

polyvinylpyrrolidone, polycarbophil or a mixture thereof as a bioadhesive polymer constituting from about 1% to about 10% by weight of the gel;

imidazole constituting from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the gel; and

2-amino-7-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-5H-[1]benzopyrano-[2,3-b]-pyridine-3-carboxylic acid, which constitutes from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of the gel.

27. The gel of claim 26, further comprising 1,1-difluoroethane as a propellant which constitutes from about 35% to 60% by weight of the gel.