System for controlling drivetrain components to achieve fuel efficiency goals

• US 6,436,005 B1
• Filed: 07/14/2000
• Issued: 08/20/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 06/18/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Cummins Engine Company Incorporated (Cummins Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Cummins Incorporated
• Inventors: Bellinger, Steven M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Marmor, Charles A
• Assistant Examiner(s): HO, HA DINH
• Application Number:
  US09/616,752
• Time in Patent Office: 767 Days
• Field of Search: 477/43, 477/107, 477/110, 477/111, 701/110, 123/350
• US Class Current: 477/111
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 2250/02 Vehicle mass
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/04 including control of propulsion units
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/06 including control of combustion engines
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/10 including control of change-speed gearings
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/101 Infinitely variable gearings
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/11 Stepped gearings
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2050/0042 Transfer function lag; delays
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2050/0066 using buttons or a keyboard connected to the on-board processor
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/0609 Throttle change rate
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/0638 Engine speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/1005 Transmission ratio engaged
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/105 Output torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2520/10 Longitudinal speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2530/10 Weight
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2530/16 Driving resistance
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2540/10 Accelerator pedal position
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2540/215 Selection or confirmation of options
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2540/30 Driving style
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2552/15 Road slope, i.e. the inclination of a road segment in the longitudinal direction
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2555/60 Traffic rules, e.g. speed limits or right of way
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2555/80 : Country specific, e.g. driver age limits or right hand drive
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2556/50 : of positioning data, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System] data
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2710/0644 : Engine speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2710/0677 : Engine power
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2720/10 : Longitudinal speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2720/106 : Longitudinal acceleration
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/1819 : Propulsion control with control means using analogue circuits, relays or mechanical links
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/1882 : characterised by the working point of the engine, e.g. by using engine output chart
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 50/082 : Selecting or switching between different modes of propelling
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 50/085 : Changing the parameters of the control units, e.g. changing limit values, working points by control input
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2041/2048 : said control involving a limitation, e.g. applying current or voltage limits
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2200/0404 : Throttle position
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2200/0614 : Actual fuel mass or fuel injection amount
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2200/1002 : Output torque
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2200/1004 : Estimation of the output torque
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2200/1012 : Engine speed gradient
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2200/501 : Vehicle speed
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2200/602 : Pedal position
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2200/701 : Information about vehicle position, e.g. from navigation system or GPS signal
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2200/702 : Road conditions
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2250/26 : by applying a torque limit
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2400/12 : Engine control specially adapted for a transmission comprising a torque converter or for continuously variable transmissions
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 31/009 : for maximum speed control
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 41/0225 : in relation with the gear ratio or shift lever position
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 41/023 : in relation with the gear ratio shifting conjoint control for improving gear change B60W30/19
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 41/1497 : With detection of the mechanical response of the engine
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 41/2406 : using essentially read only memories
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 41/2422 : Selective use of one or more tables
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 2059/663 : Road slope
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 2059/666 : Determining road conditions by using vehicle location or position, e.g. from global navigation systems [GPS]
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 2061/0015 : Transmission control for optimising fuel consumptions
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 2061/022 : Calculation or estimation of optimal gear ratio, e.g. best ratio for economy drive or performance according driver preference, or to optimise exhaust emissions
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 59/52 : dependent on the weight of the machine, e.g. change in weight resulting from passengers boarding a bus
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 61/0213 : characterised by the method for generating shift signals
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 61/66 : specially adapted for continuously variable gearings control of exclusively fluid gearing F16H61/38
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 63/50 : Signals to an engine or motor
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/40 : Engine management systems
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/84 : Data processing systems or methods, management, administration

Abstract

A system for controlling a vehicle drivetrain in a fuel-efficient manner includes, in one embodiment, a control computer operable to determine a number of engine load/engine speed boundary conditions as functions of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) contours in relation to an engine output characteristics map and define therefrom an undesirable engine operation region U. As long as the engine is engaged with at least one of the gear ratios of the vehicle transmission, the control computer is operable to maintain or encourage engine operation outside of the region U. In another embodiment, the control computer is operable to define a contour from substantially zero engine load to substantially full engine load, wherein the contour preferably corresponds to a fuel-efficient path from no-load to full-load engine operating conditions.

Claims

1. A system for controlling a vehicle drivetrain, comprising:

a memory having stored therein an engine output characteristics map for an internal combustion engine and a number of fuel consumption contours associated with said map; and

means for establishing a region of said engine output characteristics map wherein engine operation is undesirable, said region defining a first border as a function of at least one of said fuel consumption contours and a second border intersecting said first border.

2. The system of claim 1 further including means for maintaining or encouraging operation of said internal combustion engine outside said region of undesirable engine operation.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein said means for establishing a region of said engine output characteristics map wherein engine operation is undesirable includes means for defining said second border as one of a predefined engine load percentage and a predefined throttle percentage.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein said means for establishing a region of said engine output characteristics map wherein engine operation is undesirable includes means for defining said second border as a boundary of said engine output characteristics map.

5. The system of claim 1 wherein said means for establishing a region of said engine output characteristics map wherein engine operation is undesirable includes means for defining a third border of said region, said third border intersecting said second border.

6. The system of claim 5 wherein said third border corresponds to a droop region of said engine output characteristics map.

7. The system of claim 1 wherein said means for establishing a region of said engine output characteristics map wherein engine operation is undesirable includes means for defining said first border as having a first portion defined as a function of engine speed and a second portion defined as a function of said at least one of said fuel consumption contours.

8. The system of claim 1 further including:

means for establishing a driver reward/penalty; and

means for modifying either of said first and second borders relative to said engine output characteristics map as a function of said driver reward/penalty.

9. The system of claim 1 further including:

means for determining a currently engaged gear ratio of a transmission coupled to said engine and producing a gear ratio value corresponding thereto;

means for determining vehicle speed of a vehicle carrying said engine and producing a vehicle speed signal corresponding thereto; and

means for modifying either of said first and second borders relative to said engine output characteristics map as a function of one of said currently engaged gear ratio value and said vehicle speed signal.

10. The system of claim 1 further including:

means for determining current vehicle position of a vehicle carrying said engine; and

means for defining said first and second borders as a function of said current vehicle position.

11. A method of controlling a vehicle drivetrain, comprising the steps of:

establishing in memory an engine output characteristics map for an internal combustion engine;

defining a number of fuel consumption contours associated with said engine output characteristics map;

defining a first border relative to said engine output characteristics map as a function of at least one of said fuel consumption contours; and

defining a second border relative to said engine output characteristics map and intersecting said first border, said first and second borders defining a region of said engine output characteristics map wherein engine operation is undesirable.

12. The method of claim 11 further including the step of controlling said internal combustion engine to thereby maintain or encourage engine operation outside said region.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein the step of defining a first border includes the steps of:

defining relative to said engine output characteristics map a low engine speed, low engine load point;

defining relative to said engine output characteristics map a first function of at least one of said fuel consumption contours that intersects a high load point;

defining a second function that intersects said low engine speed, low engine load point and said first function, said first border being composed of said first and second functions.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein said high load point corresponds to a boundary of said engine output characteristics map.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein said high load point corresponds to one of a predefined engine load value and a predefined throttle percentage.

16. The method of claim 13 wherein said first function corresponds to one of said number of fuel consumption contours.

17. The method of claim 13 wherein said first function corresponds to a fuel consumption contour estimate.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein said fuel consumption contour estimate is a function of two adjacent ones of said number of fuel consumption contours defining said fuel consumption contour therebetween.

19. The method of claim 17 wherein said fuel consumption contour estimate is a model-based fuel consumption contour estimate.

20. The method of claim 11 wherein said second border corresponds to one of a predefined engine load and a predefined throttle percentage.

21. The method of claim 11 wherein said second border corresponds to a boundary of said engine output characteristics map.

22. The method of claim 11 further including the step of defining a third border intersecting said second border, wherein said first, second and third borders define said region.

23. The method of claim 22 wherein said third border corresponds to a droop region of said engine output characteristics map.

24. The method of claim 11 wherein the steps of defining said first and second borders include the steps of:

determining a current position of a vehicle carrying the engine; and

determining the first and second borders as a function of vehicle position.

25. The method of claim 24 further including the step of defining a third border relative to said engine output characteristics map as a function of said vehicle position, said third border intersecting said second border, said first, second and third borders defining said region.

26. A system for controlling a vehicle drivetrain, comprising:

a memory having stored therein an engine output characteristics map, a region thereof of undesirable engine operation and a number of fuel consumption contours associated with said engine characteristics map, said region having a first border defined as a function of at least one of said number of fuel consumption contours and a second border intersecting said first border; and

a control computer controlling engine operation according to said engine output characteristics map while maintaining or encouraging engine operation outside said region.

27. The system of claim 26 wherein said second border is defined as a border of said engine output characteristics map.

28. The system of claim 26 wherein said second border is defined as one of a predefined engine load value and a predefined throttle percentage value.

29. The system of claim 26 wherein said region includes a third region intersecting said second region.

30. The system of claim 26 further including:

means for determining a currently engaged gear ratio of a transmission coupled to said engine and producing a gear ratio value corresponding thereto;

and wherein said control computer is operable to allow engine operation anywhere within or on said engine output characteristics map if said gear ratio value corresponds to an invalid gear ratio of said transmission.

31. The system of claim 30 further including means for determining whether a downshift to a lower gear of said transmission has occurred after said control computer determines that said gear ratio corresponds to an invalid gear ratio.

32. The system of claim 31 wherein said control computer is operable to delay for a predefined time period following said downshift to a lower gear of said transmission before resuming control of engine operation according to said engine output characteristics map while maintaining or encouraging engine operation outside said region.

33. The system of claim 31 further including means for determining a rate of change of a commanded throttle value;

and wherein said control computer is operable to determine a time delay as a function of said rate of change of a commanded throttle value, said control computer delaying for said time delay following said downshift to a lower gear of said transmission before resuming control of engine operation according to said engine output characteristics map while maintaining or encouraging engine operation outside said region.

34. The system of claim 31 further wherein said control computer is operable to delay for a time period following said downshift to a lower gear of said transmission before resuming control of engine operation according to said engine output characteristics map while maintaining or encouraging engine operation outside said region, said control computer determining said time period as a function of an average engine load value.

35. The system of claim 34 wherein said control computer is operable to monitor one of engine load and commanded throttle percentage and compute a running engine load average corresponding thereto, said control computer continually comparing said one of engine load and commanded throttle percentage to a load threshold value and determining said average engine load value as said running engine load average when said one of engine load and commanded throttle percentage drops below said load threshold value.

36. The system of claim 30 wherein said control computer is operable to allow engine operation anywhere within or on said engine output characteristics map if said gear ratio value corresponds to any of a number of predefined transmission gears.

37. The system of claim 32 further including:

means for determining at least one engine operating condition relating to said engine output characteristics map;

wherein said control computer is operable to compare said at least one engine operating condition with said engine output characteristics map and control engine operation according to said engine output characteristics map while maintaining or encouraging engine operation outside said region by limiting engine operation only to areas of said engine output characteristics map outside said region of undesirable engine operation, said areas including said first and second borders.

38. A method of controlling a vehicle drivetrain, comprising the steps of:

providing an engine output characteristics map for an internal combustion engine;

providing a number of fuel consumption contours associated with said map;

defining a region of said engine output characteristics map of undesirable engine operation, said region having a first border defined as a function of at least one of said fuel consumption contours and a second border intersecting said first border; and

controlling engine operation according to said engine output characteristics map while maintaining or encouraging engine operation outside said region.

39. The method of claim 38 wherein said second border corresponds to one of a predefined engine load value and a predefined throttle percentage.

40. The method of claim 38 wherein said second border corresponds to a border of said engine output characteristics map.

41. The method of claim 38 further including the step of defining a third border of said region, said third border intersecting said second border.

42. The method of claim 38 further including the steps of:

determining a currently engaged gear ratio of a transmission coupled to said engine and producing a gear ratio value corresponding thereto; and

allowing engine operation anywhere within or on said engine output characteristics map if said gear ration value corresponds to an invalid gear ratio of said transmission.

43. The method of claim 42 further including the step of allowing engine operation anywhere within or on said engine output characteristics map if said gear ratio value corresponds to any of a number of predefined transmission gears.

44. The method of claim 38 wherein the step of controlling engine operation according to said engine output characteristics map while maintaining or encouraging engine operation outside said region includes the steps of:

determining at least one engine operating condition;

comparing said at least one engine operating condition with said engine output characteristics map; and

limiting said at least engine operating condition to areas of said engine output characteristics map outside said region, said areas outside said region including said first and second borders.

45. The method of claim 38 further including the steps of:

determining whether a downshift to a lower gear of a transmission coupled to said engine has occurred; and

producing a downshift indicator if said downshift to a lower gear has occurred.

46. The method of claim 45 further including the following steps if said downshift indicator is produced:

allowing engine operation anywhere on or within said engine output characteristics map for a predefined time period; and

controlling engine operation according to said engine output characteristics map while maintaining or encouraging engine operation outside said region after expiration of said predefined time period.

47. The method of claim 45 further including the following steps if said downshift indicator is produced:

determining a rate of change of a commanded throttle signal;

determining a delay time as a function of said rate of change of a commanded throttle signal;

allowing engine operation anywhere on or within said engine output characteristics map for said time delay; and

controlling engine operation according to said engine output characteristics map while maintaining or encouraging engine operation outside said region when said time delay expires.

48. The method of claim 45 further including the following steps if said downshift indicator is produced:

setting a time delay as a function of a running engine load average if one of an engine load and a commanded throttle percentage value drops below a threshold;

allowing engine operation anywhere on or within said engine output characteristics map for said time delay; and

controlling engine operation according to said engine output characteristics map while maintaining or encouraging engine operation outside said region when said time delay expires.

49. The method of claim 48 wherein the setting step further includes the steps of:

monitoring said one of an engine load and a commanded throttle percentage value;

comparing said one of an engine load and a commanded throttle percentage value to said threshold value;

computing a running engine load average as a function of said one of an engine load and a commanded throttle percentage value as long as said one of an engine load and a commanded throttle percentage value exceeds said threshold value.