Scanning densitometry system with adjustable X-ray tube current

• US 6,438,201 B1
• Filed: 08/01/2000
• Issued: 08/20/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 11/23/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Lunar Corporation
• Original Assignee: Lunar Corporation
• Inventors: Ergun, David L., Mazess, Richard B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Porta, David P.
• Application Number:
  US09/630,102
• Time in Patent Office: 749 Days
• Field of Search: 378/54, 378/55, 378/56, 378/98.9, 378/98.11, 378/97, 378/108, 378/109, 378/110, 378/146
• US Class Current: 378/56
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4035 the source being combined with a filter or grating
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/405 Source units specially adapted to modify characteristics of the beam during the data acquisition process A61B6/4021, A61B6/4035 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4241 using energy resolving detectors, e.g. photon counting
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/482 involving multiple energy imaging
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/505 for diagnosis of bone
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/28 Bones joints A61F2/30
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/32 for the hip
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/367 Proximal or metaphyseal parts of shafts trochanteric devices connected to said proximal parts A61F2/30739
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/3676 Distal or diaphyseal parts of shafts
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/44 for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2002/3008 radio-opaque, e.g. radio-opaque markers
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2250/0098 radio-opaque, e.g. radio-opaque markers
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2310/00011 Metals or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2310/00179 Ceramics or ceramic-like structures
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/163 Whole body counters hand or feet contamination measurement G01T1/167; lung, brain, thyroid, kidney or the like counting G01T1/16
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 5/224 Multiple energy techniques using one type of radiation, e.g. X-rays of different energies
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/30012 Spine; Backbone
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/30172 Centreline of tubular or elongated structure
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/0012 Biomedical image inspection
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/60 Analysis of geometric attributes

Abstract

A dual energy scanning densitometry system for imaging and measuring bone density maintains acceptable flux by adjusting the x-ray current or scan speed according to preceding scan line data. The amount of acceptable flux is maintained within limits modified by information about the region of the body being scanned so that different precisions may be maintained for different body regions. Scan speed and current may be controlled so that scan speed is maximized within the current limits. Essentially continuous flux control can be achieved.

Claims

1. A dual energy scanning bone densitometry system comprising:

an x-ray tube;

a computer controlled x-ray power supply providing a computer selectable x-ray current to the x-ray tube;

a radiation detector, producing electrical signals, positioned with respect to the x-ray tube to receive x-rays attenuated by a patient;

at least one actuator capable moving the x-ray tube and the radiation detector with respect to the patient;

a computer, communicating with the actuators and the x-ray power supply, executing a stored program to;

(i) move the x-ray tube and detector to make at least one scan across the patient;

(ii) receive the electrical signals from the detector indicating measurements of the x-ray energy in at least two bands to calculate a flux index; and

(iii) adjust the x-ray current according to the flux index.

2. A scanning bone densitometry system as in claim 1, wherein the x-ray current is adjusted prior to the scan according to a flux index calculated for a scan prior the scan.

3. A scanning bone densitometry system as in claim 1, wherein the computer further executes the stored program to:

(iv) adjust the actuator speed according to the flux index.

4. A scanning bone densitometry system as in claim 1, wherein the radiation detector includes multiple radiation sensitive elements each producing an electrical signal and wherein the computer calculates the flux index as an average of the electrical signals.

5. A scanning bone densitometry system as in claim 4, wherein the average is weighted according to spatial position of the detector element.

6. A scanning bone densitometry system as in claim 1, wherein the radiation detector includes multiple radiation sensitive elements each producing an electrical signal and wherein the computer calculates the flux index as a maximum of the electrical signals.

7. A scanning bone densitometry system as in claim 1 wherein the computer includes a memory holding a stored current correction table and wherein the computer further executes the stored program to:

(iv) correct the electrical signals according to a correction factor in the correction table according to a current being supplied to the x-ray tube during the at least one scan.

8. A scanning bone densitometry system as in claim 1, wherein the radiation detector includes multiple radiation sensitive elements, each an electrical signal and wherein the computer calculates the flux index as a minimum of the electrical signals.

9. A scanning bone densitometry system as in claim 1, wherein the computer further executes the stored program to:

(iv) identify the scan as being within a predetermined body region requiring high quantitative accuracy in measurement.

10. A scanning bone densitometry system as in claim 9, wherein the computer receives input from a scan operator to identify a position of the actuator at which the scan will be within the predetermined body region and the computer identifies the scan as being within a predetermined body region by monitoring actuator position.

11. A scanning bone densitometry system as in claim 9, wherein the computer compares the electrical signals against a model of a standard human patient to identify the scan as being within a predetermined body region.

12. A scanning bone densitometry system as in claim 11, wherein x-ray current is adjusted if the flux index is outside of a pre-determined range.

13. A scanning bone densitometry system as in claim 9, wherein the x-rays are collimated to one of a pencil beam, a fan beam and a conical beam.