Hydrated calcium aluminate based expansive admixture

• US 6,447,597 B1
• Filed: 02/04/2000
• Issued: 09/10/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 02/04/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Lumimove, Inc.
• Original Assignee: The National Research Council (The National Academies of Science)
• Inventors: Mailvaganam, Noel P., Repette, Wellington L.
• Primary Examiner(s): MARCANTONI, PAUL D
• Application Number:
  US09/497,528
• Time in Patent Office: 949 Days
• Field of Search: 106/692, 106/693, 106/695, 106/696, 106/732, 106/735, 106/783, 428/404
• US Class Current: 106/692
• CPC Class Codes: C01F 7/164 Calcium aluminates
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2002/76 by a space-group or by other symmetry indications
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2111/34 Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 22/008 Cement and like inorganic materials added as expanding or shrinkage compensating ingredients in mortar or concrete compositions, the expansion being the result of a recrystallisation mixtures of cements C04B7/00, C04B28/00
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 22/064 of the alkaline-earth metals
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 22/143 Calcium-sulfate
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 40/0039 Premixtures of ingredients
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 7/32 Aluminous cements
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 7/323 Calcium aluminosulfate cements, e.g. cements hydrating into ettringite

Abstract

An additive, a mixture incorporating the additive and a method of formulating a mortar incorporating the additive. The additive is based on calcium sulfoaluminate composed of C₃AH₆ and CAH₁₀ where C=calcium oxide, A=aluminum oxide and H=water. The admixture includes gypsum and calcium hydroxide. The calcium aluminum hydrates are obtained by hydration of high alumina cement particles to eliminate any lack of hydration in the core of the particle. The method involves the preparation of such particles and the mix incorporates the particles to produce a homogeneously hydrated cement additive.

Claims

1. An expansive additive for controlling shrinkage in a cementitious mixture, comprising:

calcium aluminate particles where at least 75% by mass of said particles are hydrates of C₃AH₆, CAH₁₀ or a mixture thereof, where C represents CaO, A represents Al₂O₃, and H represents H₂O, said mass of said particles being fully hydrated;

an expansion effecting sulfate containing compound for effecting expansion in said mixture; and

calcium hydroxide.

2. The additive as set forth in claim 1, wherein said hydrates of C₃AH₆ or CAH₁₀ or mixture thereof are 100% hydrated.

3. The additive as set forth in claim 1, wherein said expansion effecting sulfate compound is a calcium sulfate compound.

4. The additive as set forth in claim 1, wherein 25% or less of said calcium aluminate particles are anhydrous or hydrates other than hydrated C₃AH₆ or CAH₁₀.

5. The additive as set forth in claim 3, wherein said calcium sulfate compound is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate dihydrate, calcium hemihydrate and calcium anhydrite.

6. The additive as set forth in claim 3, wherein said calcium sulfate compound has a purity of at least 90%.

7. The additive as set forth in claim 1, wherein said calcium hydroxide has a purity of at least 90%.

8. The additive as set forth in claim 1, wherein said calcium aluminate hydrate particles and said gypsum are in a ratio of between 1:

0.35 and 1;

0.55 by mass.

9. The additive as set forth in claim 1, wherein said calcium aluminate hydrate particles and said calcium hydroxide are in a ratio of between 1:

0.07 and 1;

0.15 by mass.

10. The additive as set forth in claim 4, wherein said cubic phase particles and said hexagonal phase particles are in a ratio of between 1:

0.0 and 0.0;

1 by mass.

12. The mixture as set forth in claim 10, wherein said cementitious material is selected from the group consisting of Portland cement, flyash, blast furnace slag, rice husk ash, type K cement, type S cement, type M cement, grout, stucco, shotcrete, patching compound and concrete.

11. A cementitious mixture having reduced shrinkage upon curing, comprising:

cementitious material;

calcium aluminate particles where at least 75% by mass of said particles are hydrates of C₃AH₆, CAH₁₀ or a mixture thereof, where C represents CaO, A represents Al₂O₃, and H represents H₂O, said mass of said particles being fully hydrated;

an expansion effecting sulfate containing compound for effecting expansion in said mixture; and

calcium hydroxide.

13. The mixture as set forth in claim 11, wherein 25% or less of said calcium aluminate particles are anhydrous or hydrates other than hydrated C₃AH₆ or CAH₁₀.

14. A method for synthesizing hexagonal phase calcium aluminate hydrate particles, comprising the steps of:

i) providing a source of calcium aluminate particles;

ii) hydrating said calcium aluminate sufficiently to form a slurry;

iii) agitating said slurry sufficiently for hydration to occur and form hexagonal phase calcium aluminate hydrate particles;

iv) maintaining the temperature of said slurry to prevent thermal conversion of said hexagonal phase calcium aluminate hydrate particles to cubic phase calcium aluminate particles; and

v) drying said slurry at a temperature to prevent thermal conversion of said hexagonal phase calcium aluminate hydrate particles to cubic phase calcium aluminate particles.

15. The method as set forth in claim 14, further including the step of filtering said slurry prior to step iv).

16. The method as set forth in claim 14, wherein said slurry is dried in an atmosphere that prevents carbonation of more than 3% of the mass of the particles.

17. The method as set forth in claim 14, wherein said temperature of said slurry in step v) is maintained at a temperature of less than 25°

C.

18. The method as set forth in claim 14, wherein said temperature of said slurry in step iv) is maintained between −

2°

C. and +7°

C.

29. A method of forming a cementitious mixture having reduced shrinkage in use, comprising mixing the compounds:

i) cementitious material;

ii) an expansion effecting sulfate compound for effecting expansion in said mixture;

iii) calcium hydroxide; and

iv) presynthesized calcium aluminate hydrate particles formed by the method of claim 14.

30. The method as set forth in claim 29, wherein said expansion effecting sulfate compound is a calcium sulfate compound.

31. The method as set forth in claim 30, wherein said calcium sulfate compound is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate dihydrate, calcium hemihydrate and calcium anhydrite.

19. A method for synthesizing cubic phase calcium aluminate hydrate particles, comprising the steps of:

i) providing a source of calcium aluminate particles;

ii) hydrating said calcium aluminate sufficiently to effect hydration of at least 75% by mass of said particles in a slurry;

iii) agitating said slurry sufficiently for hydration to occur;

iv) maintaining the temperature of said slurry in a range sufficient to convert any hexagonal phase calcium aluminate particles formed to cubic phase calcium aluminate hydrate particles; and

v) drying said slurry.

20. The method as set forth in claim 19, wherein said temperature in step iv) is between 70°

C. and 80°

C.

21. The method as set forth in claim 19, wherein said slurry is agitated for a period between 10 minutes and 40 minutes.

22. The method as set forth in claim 19, wherein said slurry is dried at a temperature of between 25°

C. and 27°

C.

32. A method of forming a cementitious mixture having reduced shrinkage in use, comprising mixing the compounds:

i) cementitious material;

ii) an expansion effecting sulfate compound for effecting expansion in said mixture;

iii) calcium hydroxide; and

iv) presynthesized calcium aluminate hydrate particles formed by the method of claim 19.

33. The method as set forth in claim 32, wherein said expansion effecting sulfate compound is a calcium sulfate compound.

34. The method as set forth in claim 32, wherein said calcium sulfate compound is selected from the group comprising calcium sulfate dihydrate, calcium hemihydrate and calcium anhydrite.

23. A method for synthesizing cubic phase calcium aluminate hydrate particles, comprising the steps of:

i) providing a source of calcium aluminate particles;

ii) hydrating said calcium aluminate particles;

iii) curing said mixture in a humid atmosphere for a period sufficient to prevent self desiccation at a temperature sufficient to effect conversion of hexagonal phase particles to said cubic phase calcium aluminate hydrate particles; and

iv) drying said mixture.

24. The method as set forth in claim 23, wherein said particles are dried in an atmosphere for preventing carbonation.

25. The method as set forth in claim 23, wherein said temperature in step iii) is at least 60°

C.

26. The method as set forth in claim 23, wherein said mixture is dried at a temperature of between 25°

C. and 27°

C.

38. A method of forming a cementitious mixture having reduced shrinkage in use, comprising mixing the compounds:

i) cementitious material;

ii) an expansion effecting sulfate compound for effecting expansion in said mixture;

iii) calcium hydroxide; and

iv) presynthesized calcium aluminate hydrate particles formed by the method of claim 23.

39. The method as set forth in claim 38, wherein said expansion effecting sulfate compound is a calcium sulfate compound.

40. The method as set forth in claim 38, wherein said calcium sulfate compound is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate dihydrate, calcium hemihydrate and calcium anhydrite.

27. A method for synthesizing hexagonal phase calcium aluminate particles, comprising the steps of:

i) providing a source of calcium aluminate particles;

ii) hydrating said calcium aluminate particles;

iii) curing said mixture in a humid atmosphere for a period sufficient to prevent self desiccation at a temperature sufficiently low for preventing conversion of hexagonal particles to cubic particles; and

iv) drying said mixture.

28. The method as set forth in claim 27, wherein said temperature is 7°

C. or lower.

35. A method of forming a cementitious mixture having reduced shrinkage in use, comprising mixing the compounds:

i) cementitious material;

ii) an expansion effecting sulfate compound for effecting expansion in said mixture;

iii) calcium hydroxide; and

iv) presynthesized calcium aluminate hydrate particles formed by the method of claim 27.

36. The method as set forth in claim 35, wherein said expansion effecting sulfate compound is a calcium sulfate compound.

37. The method as set forth in claim 35, wherein said calcium sulfate compound is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate dihydrate, calcium hemihydrate and calcium anhydrite.