Solid catadioptric omnidirectional optical system having central coverage means which is associated with a camera, projector, medical instrument, or similar article
First Claim
1. An optical system comprising:
- a solid optical substrate having a convex outer refracting surface, said surface covering most of the front and side of said substrate, said substrate having an internal convex primary reflector surface of radial symmetry, said primary reflector surface being in optical communication with a great circle surrounding it, the plane of said great circle being perpendicular to the optical axis of said optical system, said optical communication being through the outer refractive surface of said substrate, said primary reflector surface having sufficient curvature to be in optical communication with a substantial area in front of and behind the plane of said great circle, said primary reflector surface having an optically transparent central zone, said substrate also having an internal secondary reflector surface of radial symmetry, said secondary reflector surface being coaxially disposed in front of said primary reflector surface, said secondary reflector surface having its reflective surface facing said primary reflector surface, said secondary reflector surface being in optical communication with said great circle surrounding said primary reflector surface and said area in front and behind the plane of said great circle by means of reflection from said primary reflector surface and refraction through the outer surface of said substrate, whereby said optical system produces a virtual image of said great circle and said area above and below its plane, said virtual image being annular, said virtual image being visible from a vantage point behind said optically transparent central zone of said primary reflector surface due to said vantage point being in optical communication with said great circle and said area in front and behind the plane of said great circle by means of reflection from said secondary reflector surface and said primary reflector surface and refraction through the outer surface of said substrate;
means for mounting said substrate, said means for mounting providing a protective shield behind the perimeter of said substrate, said means for mounting also having provision for handling the optical system without touching its optical surfaces;
said means for mounting providing stable support and alignment of said substrate without causing deformation thereof, said means for mounting providing for attachment of said optical system to an article having a focal surface, said mounting means facilitating use of said optical system in any orientation, said optical system being associated with a refracting lens system, said refracting lens system being disposed coaxial to said optical system, both being associated with the formation of a real image of said virtual image at said focal surface, whereby said optical system when combined with said article having a focal surface facilitate the geometric conversion of said great circle and said area in front and behind the plane of said great circle into a real annular image at the focal surface of said article, or the geometric conversion of a two dimensional annular into a three dimensional projected image.
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an omnidirectional wide angle optical system, which is associated with a sensor, camera, projector, medical instrument, surveillance system, flight control system, robotic command and control or sensing system, home entertainment system, conference area, virtual reality suite, theater, or similar article. The optical system consists of an external refracting surface which may be strongly curved, an strongly curved internal primary reflector surface, a secondary reflector surface (in most embodiments), central wide angle refracting optics (in some embodiments), a modular or integral imaging and correcting lens system which may have aperture adjustment means, and mounting components. Optical surfaces associated with the formation of an omnidirectional virtual image are typically integrated into a single solid catadioptric optic in some embodiments, but central or peripheral wide angle refracting optics which may provide supplemental coverage are separate optical elements in other embodiments.
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Citations
137 Claims
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1. An optical system comprising:
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a solid optical substrate having a convex outer refracting surface, said surface covering most of the front and side of said substrate, said substrate having an internal convex primary reflector surface of radial symmetry, said primary reflector surface being in optical communication with a great circle surrounding it, the plane of said great circle being perpendicular to the optical axis of said optical system, said optical communication being through the outer refractive surface of said substrate, said primary reflector surface having sufficient curvature to be in optical communication with a substantial area in front of and behind the plane of said great circle, said primary reflector surface having an optically transparent central zone, said substrate also having an internal secondary reflector surface of radial symmetry, said secondary reflector surface being coaxially disposed in front of said primary reflector surface, said secondary reflector surface having its reflective surface facing said primary reflector surface, said secondary reflector surface being in optical communication with said great circle surrounding said primary reflector surface and said area in front and behind the plane of said great circle by means of reflection from said primary reflector surface and refraction through the outer surface of said substrate, whereby said optical system produces a virtual image of said great circle and said area above and below its plane, said virtual image being annular, said virtual image being visible from a vantage point behind said optically transparent central zone of said primary reflector surface due to said vantage point being in optical communication with said great circle and said area in front and behind the plane of said great circle by means of reflection from said secondary reflector surface and said primary reflector surface and refraction through the outer surface of said substrate;
means for mounting said substrate, said means for mounting providing a protective shield behind the perimeter of said substrate, said means for mounting also having provision for handling the optical system without touching its optical surfaces;
said means for mounting providing stable support and alignment of said substrate without causing deformation thereof, said means for mounting providing for attachment of said optical system to an article having a focal surface, said mounting means facilitating use of said optical system in any orientation, said optical system being associated with a refracting lens system, said refracting lens system being disposed coaxial to said optical system, both being associated with the formation of a real image of said virtual image at said focal surface, whereby said optical system when combined with said article having a focal surface facilitate the geometric conversion of said great circle and said area in front and behind the plane of said great circle into a real annular image at the focal surface of said article, or the geometric conversion of a two dimensional annular into a three dimensional projected image. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 113, 114)
said means providing a shielding to preventing stray light from entering, said mounting means facilitating unobstructed optical communication between said article and the utilized radial zones of said convex reflector, said optical system being associated with a refracting lens system, said refracting lens system being disposed coaxial to said optical system, both being associated with the formation of a real image of said virtual image at said focal surface, whereby said optical system combined with said article facilitates the geometric conversion of said great circle and said area in front and behind the plane of said great circle into a real annular image at the focal surface of said article and the geometric conversion of a two dimensional annular into an image which is projected onto a three dimensional surface or into three dimensional media.
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70. Apparatus according to claim 69, associated with an electronic imaging sensor, provision of subject illumination means also employing a range gated imaging by means of a sensor exposure of up to only a few to a few dozen nanoseconds, whereby a shorter effective exposure is provided for objects nearest the optical system;
- said illumination being compatible with a system in which illumination is actually directed through said optical system by means of a beam splitter or partially transmissive reflector prior to the initiation on an exposure.
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71. Apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an electronic imaging sensor capable of exposure and readout without mechanical shuttering, said optical system being capable of imaging the entire area around itself;
- said imaging being accomplished without any moving parts.
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72. Apparatus according to claim 71, said combination also having provision and interface capability to facilitate real time digital processing of more than 23 images per second, whereby said optical system may also be associated with a separate full motion immersive imaging system.
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73. Apparatus according to claim 4 further comprising a round baffle which may be attached to said substrate, said round baffle having longitudinal positioning means, whereby longitudinal adjustment of said round baffle causes its shadow to change the distance to the axial point imaged by the optical system which is disposed a finite distance in front of said solid optical substrate, thereby providing means for said axial point to coincide with a front projection surface, thereby resulting in a seamless projection across the central part of a projection surface, said apparatus being associated with the projection of images having coverage up to that which completely surround the viewing participant or participants.
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74. Apparatus according to claim 1, whereby said optical system is associated with a projector and a spherical, semi spherical, quasi-spherical, conical, cylindrical, or hybrid projection surface to facilitate the geometric conversion of an annular image into a projection around said optical system, said convex primary reflector surface having a strong aspheric figure which, in conjunction with said outer refracting surface, facilitates correct image proportions and constant projection brightness throughout the surface of a spherical or semi-spherical projection area, said primary reflector surface compensating for varying distances to said projection area and the position and angle of said primary reflector surface relative to said projection surface, said apparatus being applicable to applications including virtual reality headsets, games, simulators, booths, suites, home entertainment systems, conference rooms, and theaters.
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75. Apparatus according to claim 1, embodied in any size laparascopic surgical or observation instrument, endoscope, sigmoidoscope, bore scope, camera, projector, home entertainment system, conference infrastructure, surveillance instrument, flight control system, robotic device, sensor, microphone, speaker, or similar article, and, where appropriate, said article incorporating means for providing illumination of the surrounding area or recording or transmitting sound originating therefrom or distributing recorded or generated sound therein.
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76. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which the apparatus or said article having a focal surface include electronic imaging means and provide means for adaptation and interface to computer systems which facilitate substantial real time digital processing of images which include those produced or projected therewith.
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77. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which two optical systems are incorporated into a single instrument, said optical systems being pointed in opposite directions in order to provide redundant coverage of the subject with opposing image projections, resulting in reduced distortion of many parts of the subject without resorting to external image processing, further providing three dimensional information by means of redundant imaging from different vantage points.
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78. Apparatus according to claim 77 in which two optical systems are incorporated into a single instrument, one or more of said optical systems being independently positionable in order to provide redundant coverage of selected parts of the subject with configurable image projections, resulting in reduced subject distortion without resorting to external image processing, further providing three dimensional information by means of redundant imaging from different vantage points.
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79. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which said mounting means provide for translating the overall optical system in front of a camera or similar article in order to allow a larger overall image to be photographed in two or more separate pictures on a rectangular format, facilitating a larger image scale in the resulting images.
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80. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which said outer refracting surface is covered with a thin layer of removable transparent material, said material being in contact with said outer refracting surface of said solid optic and capable of protecting it from abrasion, erosion, or chemical influence.
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81. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which said outer optical surface encloses only the secondary reflector surface and does not occupy the entire area between said secondary reflector surface and said primary reflector surface, said optical surface between said reflector surfaces comprising the outer surface of a second surface secondary reflector;
- whereby said vantage point is in optical communication with said great circle and said area in front and behind said great circle by means of reflection from said primary reflector surface, refraction through said substrate, reflection from said secondary reflector surface, transmission toward the rear central area of said substrate, refraction through the rear surface of said substrate, and refraction by said imaging and correcting lens system.
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113. Apparatus according to claim 10, whereby two of said optical systems are associated with a projector and a spherical, semi spherical quasi-spherical, conical, cylindrical, or hybrid projection surface, said optical systems being off center and on opposing ends of said projection area, said arrangement facilitating the geometric conversion of two annular images into a projection which covers the entire inside of said projection area without obstructing the center of said projection area or requiring projector light to pass through the center of said projection area, thereby permitting members of an audience to be positioned at and near the center of said projection area, said reflector surface also having provision for rear projection means onto an area surrounding the back surface of its perimeter.
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114. Apparatus according to claim 113, further comprising means to suspend one or more members of an audience at and near the center of said projection area, said suspension means having provision for lowering and raising an audience member to and from the floor or a raised platform or ledge, the surface of said projection area under the audience being comprised of inexpensive modular sections which can be replaced if soiled by a participant'"'"'s feet or the results of motion sickness.
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82. An optical system comprising:
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a solid optical substrate having a convex outer refracting surface, said surface covering most of the front and side of said substrate, said substrate having an internal convex reflector surface of radial symmetry, said reflector surface being in optical communication with a great circle surrounding it, the plane of said great circle being perpendicular to the optical axis of said reflector surface, said optical communication being through the outer refractive surface of said substrate, said reflector surface having sufficient curvature to be in optical communication with a substantial area in front of and behind the plane of said great circle, whereby said optical system produces a virtual image of said great circle and said area above and below its plane, said virtual image being annular, said virtual image being visible from an axial vantage point outside said substrate and in front of said reflector surface, said vantage point being in optical communication with said great circle and said area in front and behind the plane of said great circle by means of reflection from said reflector surface and refraction through the surface of said substrate;
means for mounting said substrate, said means for mounting having provision for handling said optical system without touching its optical surfaces;
said means for mounting providing stable support and alignment of said substrate without causing deformation thereof, said means for mounting providing for attachment of said optical system to an article having a focal surface, said article being in front of said reflector surface, said mounting means facilitating use of said optical system in any orientation, said optical system being associated with a refracting lens system, said refracting lens system being disposed coaxial to said optical system, both being associated with the formation of a real image of said virtual image at said focal surface, whereby said optical system when combined with said article having a focal surface facilitate the geometric conversion of said great circle and said area in front and behind the plane of said great circle into a real annular image at the focal surface of said article and the geometric conversion of a two dimensional annular into an image which is projected onto a three dimensional surface or into three dimensional media. - View Dependent Claims (83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122)
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123. An optical system comprising:
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a convex specular reflector having radial symmetry, said reflector being in optical communication with a great circle surrounding it, the plane of said great circle being perpendicular to the optical axis of said reflector said reflector having sufficient curvature to be in optical communication with a substantial area in front and behind the plane of said great circle, said reflector being surrounded by an annular optical element, said annular optical element extending the field of view of said reflector to cover a greater angle in front and behind the plane of said great circle, whereby said optical system produces a virtual image of the said great circle and said area above and below its plane, said virtual image being annular, said virtual image being visible from a vantage point in front of said reflector by means of said vantage point being in optical communication with said great circle and said area in front and behind the plane of said great circle by means of reflection from said convex reflector and refraction through said annular optical element, means for mounting and said optical system, said means for mounting providing stable support and alignment of said reflector and annular optical element without causing deformation thereof, said means for mounting providing for attachment of said optical system to an article having a focal surface, said article being in front of said reflector, said means providing a shielding to preventing stray light from entering, said mounting means facilitating unobstructed optical communication between said article and the utilized radial zones of said convex reflector, said optical system being associated with a refracting lens system, said refracting lens system being disposed coaxial to said optical system, both being associated with the formation of a real image of said virtual image at said focal surface, whereby said optical system combined with said article facilitates the geometric conversion of said great circle and said area in front and behind the plane of said great circle into a real annular image at the focal surface of said article and the geometric conversion of a two dimensional annular into an image which is projected onto a three dimensional surface or into three dimensional media. - View Dependent Claims (124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137)
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Specification