Multi-electrode double layer capacitor having hermetic electrolyte seal

• US 6,449,139 B1
• Filed: 08/18/1999
• Issued: 09/10/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 08/18/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Tesla Inc.
• Original Assignee: Maxwell Electronic Components Group Incorporated (Tesla Inc.)
• Inventors: Nanjundiah, Chenniah, Crawford, Robert W., Dispennette, John M., Blank, Edward, Farahmandi, C. Joseph
• Primary Examiner(s): Reichard, Dean A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Thomas, Eric W.
• Application Number:
  US09/377,328
• Time in Patent Office: 1,119 Days
• Field of Search: 361/502, 361/503, 361/504, 361/505, 361/506, 361/507, 361/516-518, 27/250.3
• US Class Current: 361/502
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/58 Liquid electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/72 specially adapted for integration in multiple or stacked hybrid or EDL capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/78 Cases; Housings; Encapsulations; Mountings
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/80 Gaskets; Sealings
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/13 Energy storage using capacitors

Abstract

A long life double layer capacitor and method of making the same including a case and a first terminal with an electrically insulating hermitic seal interposed between the first terminal and the case. A first current collector foil is electrically coupled to an interior portion of the first terminal and a first metal impregnated carbon cloth electrode having a metal impregnated side which is juxtaposed against the first current collector foil. A porous separator is then juxtaposed against the first metal impregnated carbon cloth electrode and separating the first metal impregnated carbon cloth electrode from a second metal impregnated carbon cloth electrode having a metal impregnated side which faces away from the porous separator. A second current collector foil is juxtaposed against the metal impregnated side of the second metal impregnated carbon cloth electrode and is electrically coupled to the second terminal. And an electrolyte solution saturates the first and second metal impregnated carbon cloth electrodes and is substantially contained by the case and the electrically insulating hermitic seal such that an influx of impurities into the electrolyte solution is substantially inhibited by the case and the electrically insulating hermetic seal.

Claims

1. A long life double layer capacitor comprising:

a case;

a first terminal;

an electrically insulating hermetic seal interposed between the first terminal and the case;

a first current collector foil electrically coupled to an interior portion of the first terminal;

a first metal impregnated carbon cloth electrode having a metal impregnated side, the metal impregnated side of the first metal impregnated carbon cloth electrode being juxtaposed against the first current collector foil;

a porous separator juxtaposed against the first metal impregnated carbon cloth electrode;

a second metal impregnated carbon cloth electrode having a metal impregnated side, an opposing side of the second metal impregnated carbon cloth electrode being opposite the metal impregnated side of the second metal impregnated carbon cloth electrode, the opposing side of the second metal impregnated carbon cloth electrode being juxtaposed against the porous separator, wherein the porous separator is interposed between the first metal impregnated carbon cloth electrode, and the second metal impregnated carbon cloth electrode;

a second current collector foil, the second current collector foil being juxtaposed against the metal impregnated side of the second metal impregnated carbon cloth electrode;

a second terminal electrically coupled to the second current collector foil; and

an electrolyte solution saturating the first metal impregnated carbon cloth electrode, and the second metal impregnated carbon cloth electrode, wherein the electrolyte solution is substantially contained by the case and the electrically insulating hermetic seal, and wherein influx of impurities into the electrolyte solution is substantially inhibited by the case and the electrically insulating hermetic seal.

2. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 1 wherein said electrically insulating hermetic seal comprises glass.

3. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 2 wherein said first terminal comprises molybdenum.

4. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 2 wherein said first terminal comprises platinum coated molybdenum.

5. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 2 wherein said case comprises:

a header plate, wherein the electrically insulating hermetic seal is interposed between the first terminal and the header plate; and

a can, wherein the header plate is welded to the can.

6. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 2 wherein said electrically insulating hermetic seal comprises one or more of the group consisting of silica, boron oxide, alumina, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

7. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 1 wherein said case comprises a conductive case.

8. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 7 wherein said conductive case comprises stainless steel.

9. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 1 wherein said first metal impregnated electrode comprises:

a first carbon cloth electrode;

a metal impregnated within a tow of the carbon fiber cloth.

10. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 9 wherein said metal is selected from a group consisting of aluminum, copper, and titanium.

11. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 1 wherein said porous separator can withstand exposure to temperatures of up to 250°

C. for periods of up to 5 minutes.

12. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 11 wherein said porous separator material comprises polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

13. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 1 wherein said case can withstand exposure to temperatures of up to 250°

C. for periods of up to 5 minutes.

14. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 1 wherein said electrolyte solution comprises a selected solvent and a selected salt.

15. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 14 wherein said selected solvent comprises acetonitrile or propylene carbonate.

16. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 14 wherein said selected salt comprises tetraethylammonium tetraflouraborate or triethylmethylammonium tetraflouraborate.

17. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 1 wherein said electrically insulating hermetic seal can withstand exposure to temperatures of up to 250°

C. for periods of up to 5 minutes.

18. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 1 further comprising one or more crimps formed in said case for exerting a modest, constant pressure on an electrode assembly contained within said case.

19. A long life double layer capacitor comprising:

a hermetically sealed case;

a plurality of metal impregnated electrodes, each having a metal impregnated side;

a plurality of current collector foils each juxtaposed against a respective one of the plurality of metal impregnated electrodes against said metal impregnated side;

a porous separator material positioned between respective ones of the plurality of metal impregnated electrodes; and

a non-aqueous electrolyte solution saturating said plurality of metal impregnated electrodes, wherein a multi-electrode, single cell device is formed, and wherein influx of impurities into the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is substantially inhibited by the hermetically sealed case.

20. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 19 wherein said hermetically sealed case comprises a glass-to-metal seal.

21. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 20 wherein said glass-to-metal seal can withstand exposure to temperatures of up to 250°

C. for periods of up to 5 minutes.

22. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 20 wherein a first terminal is coupled to at least one of said plurality of metal impregnated electrodes through said glass-to-metal seal.

23. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 22 wherein said first terminal comprises molybdenum.

24. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 23 further comprising:

a second terminal wherein said second terminal is electrically coupled to said case.

25. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 23 wherein said first terminal further comprises platinum.

26. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 23 wherein said first terminal comprises a platinum coated molybdenum wire.

27. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 19 wherein said first metal impregnated electrode comprises:

a first carbon fiber cloth;

metal impregnated into the tow of the first carbon fiber cloth.

28. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 27 wherein said second metal impregnated electrode comprises:

a second carbon fiber cloth;

additional metal impregnated into the tow of the second carbon fiber cloth.

29. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 28 wherein said metal and said additional metal are selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, and titanium.

30. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 19 wherein said electrolyte solution comprises a selected solvent and a selected salt.

31. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 30 wherein said selected solvent comprises acetonitrile or propylene carbonate.

32. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 31 wherein said selected salt comprises tetraethylammonium tetraflouraborate or triethylmethylammonium tetraflouraborate.

33. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 19 wherein said hermetically sealed case can withstand exposure to temperatures of up to 250°

C. for periods of up to 5 minutes.

34. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 19 wherein said porous separator material can withstand exposure to temperatures of up to 250°

C. for periods of up to 5 minutes.

35. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 34 wherein said porous separator material comprises polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

36. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 19 wherein said double layer capacitor can withstand exposure to temperatures of up to 250°

C. for periods of up to 5 minutes.

37. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 19 further comprising one or more crimps formed in said hermetically sealed case for exerting a modest, constant pressure on said plurality of metal impregnated electrodes, said plurality of current collector foils, and said porous separator material contained within said hermetically sealed case.

38. A method of making a long life double layer capacitor comprising:

impregnating a plurality of electrodes with a metal;

juxtaposing a respective impregnated side of each of the plurality of electrode with one of a plurality of current collector foils;

interposing a porous separator between respective other sides of each of the plurality of electrodes;

saturating the plurality of electrodes with an electrolyte solution;

sealing hermetically the plurality of electrodes and the plurality of current collector foils within a case to substantially inhibit an influx of impurities into the electrolyte solution.

39. The method of claim 38 wherein said sealing comprises:

interposing a glass-to-metal seal between an opening in said case and a first terminal; and

electrically coupling the first terminal to one of said plurality of current collector foils.

40. The method of claim 39 wherein said glass-to-metal seal can withstand exposure to temperatures of up to 250°

C. for periods of up to 5 minutes.

41. The method of claim 38 wherein said impregnating comprises impregnating a carbon fiber cloth with said metal.

42. The method of claim 41 wherein said impregnating comprises arc spraying the carbon fiber cloth with said metal.

43. The method of claim 42 wherein said impregnating comprises impregnating tow of the carbon fiber cloth with said metal.

44. The method of claim 43 wherein said metal is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, and titanium.

45. The method of claim 43 wherein said impregnating further comprises arc spraying said metal into the carbon fiber cloth with a jet arc spray nozzle.

46. The method of claim 38 wherein said interposing comprises interposing said porous separator wherein said porous separator can withstand exposure to temperatures of up to 250°

C. for periods of up to 5 minutes.

47. The method of claim 46 wherein said porous separator comprises polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

48. A method of making a double player capacitor comprising:

coupling a first current collector foil to an internal portion of a first terminal;

folding a first metal impregnated electrode over the current collector foil;

placing a porous separator against the first metal impregnated electrode;

juxtaposing a second metal impregnated electrode against the porous separator;

coupling electrically the second metal impregnated electrode to a case;

saturating the first metal impregnated electrode and the second metal impregnated electrode with an electrolyte solution; and

sealing hermetically the case, wherein the electrolyte is substantially contained within the case, and wherein influx of impurities into the electrolyte solution is substantially impaired.

49. The method of claim 48 wherein said placing said porous separator comprises enveloping said first metal impregnated electrode with said porous separator.

50. The method of claim 49 wherein said juxtaposing comprises juxtaposing said second metal impregnated electrode over said porous separator.

51. The method of claim 50 wherein said coupling electrically comprises:

juxtaposing a second current collector foil over the second metal impregnated electrode; and

contacting the second current collector foil with the case.

52. The method of claim 48 further comprising:

impregnating said first metal impregnated electrode and said second metal impregnated electrode with a metal.

53. The method of claim 52 wherein said impregnating further comprises impregnating a first carbon fiber cloth and a second carbon fiber cloth with said metal, wherein said metal penetrates into a tow of the first carbon fiber cloth and the second carbon fiber cloth.

54. The method of claim 52 wherein said metal is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, titanium, and copper.

55. The method of claim 48 wherein said sealing hermetically includes:

forming a glass-to-metal seal between another portion of said first terminal and said case.

56. The method of claim 55 wherein said sealing hermetically further includes:

welding a header to a can, wherein the header includes the glass-to-metal seal.

57. The method of claim 55 further comprising:

selecting a material for said first terminal having a coefficient of thermal expansion substantially similar to a coefficient of thermal expansion of glass.

58. The method of claim 57 wherein said selecting comprises selecting molybdenum.

59. The method of claim 57 wherein said selecting comprises selecting platinum plated molybdenum.

60. The method of claim 57 wherein said selecting comprises selecting a plating material for said first terminal that is solderable.

61. The method of claim 48 further comprising selecting a material for said porous separator that can withstand exposure to temperatures of up to 250°

C. for periods of up to 5 minutes.

62. The method of claim 61 wherein selecting said material for said porous separator comprises selecting said material comprising polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

63. The method of claim 48 further comprising selecting materials to make said double layer capacitor that can withstand exposure to temperatures of up to 250°

C. for periods of up to 5 minutes.

64. The method of claim 48 further comprising placing a modest constant pressure on said first and second metal impregnated electrodes, said first and second current collector foils, and said porous separator.

65. The method of claim 64 wherein said placing said modest constant pressure comprises forming crimps in said case.