Pulsed detonation engine wave rotor

• US 6,449,939 B1
• Filed: 05/26/2000
• Issued: 09/17/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 05/26/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Rolls-Royce Corporation (Rolls-Royce Holdings Plc)
• Original Assignee: Rolls-Royce Corporation (Rolls-Royce Holdings Plc)
• Inventors: Snyder, Philip Harold
• Primary Examiner(s): FREAY, CHARLES GRANT
• Application Number:
  US09/579,454
• Time in Patent Office: 844 Days
• Field of Search: 60/390.6, 60/394.5
• US Class Current: 60/776
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 3/02 using exhaust-gas pressure in a pressure exchanger to compress combustion-air pressure exchangers per se F04F13/00
• CPC Class Codes: F04F 13/00 Pressure exchangers

Abstract

A pulsed detonation engine wave rotor apparatus and method of using a pressure wave to compress a buffer gas disposed within the engine flow passages. The high pressure buffer gas is routed out of the wave rotor and subsequently reintroduced to the wave rotor to discharge and scavenge the latter stages of the combustion gas remaining under the engine flow passages.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

introducing a quantity of working fluid into a passageway of a wave rotor;

placing a fuel within one end of the passageway;

combusting the fuel within the passageway and creating a quantity of combusted gas adjacent the one end of the passageway and compressing a portion of the working fluid within the passageway to define a high pressure buffer gas adjacent the combusted gas within the passageway;

discharging the high pressure buffer gas out of the passageway;

discharging a first portion of the combusted gas out of the passageway; and

routing the high pressure buffer gas from said discharging back into the passageway to purge a second portion of the combusted gas out of the passageway.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the high pressure buffer gas is a substantially non-vitiated gas.

3. The method of claim 1, which further includes compressing the quantity of working fluid prior to said introducing.

4. The method of claim 1:

which further includes providing at least one fluid inlet port and at least one fluid outlet port disposed adjacent to the passageway of the wave rotor; and

which further includes rotating at least one of the passageway and the ports to control the passage of fluid into and out of the wave rotor and through the ports.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein said rotating includes independent drive means for rotating at least one of the passageway and the ports.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the reintroduction of the buffer gas from said discharging into the passageway does work on the second portion of the combusted gas in the passageway.

7. The method of claim 1:

which further includes providing a turbine;

wherein said first portion of the combusted gas and said second portion of combusted gas purged from the passageway are routed to the turbine; and

which further includes delivering a portion of the high pressure buffer gas to the turbine to cool portions thereof.

8. The method of claim 1, which further includes flowing the high pressure buffer gas in the passageway to transfer heat from the structure defining the passageway.

9. The method of claim 4, wherein said rotating includes imparting angular momentum from the incoming fluid flow to the rotatable component.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein said combusting is initiated from one end of the passageway and a pressure wave travels along the passageway until there is an absence of fuel, and the pressure wave continues along the passageway into the working fluid without fuel to compress the portion of the working fluid to define the high pressure buffer gas.

11. The method of claim 1, which further includes routing a portion of the high pressure buffer gas to cool a structure adapted to receive the combusted gas exiting the passageway.

12. The method of claim 1, which further includes passing the combusted gas through a nozzle to produce motive power.

13. The method of claim 1:

wherein the high pressure buffer gas is a substantially non-vitiated gas;

which further includes providing at least one fluid inlet port and at least one fluid outlet port disposed adjacent to the passageway of the wave rotor;

which further includes rotating at least one of the passageway and the ports to control the passage of fluid into and out of the wave rotor;

wherein the reintroduction of the buffer gas from said discharging into the passageway does work on the second portion of the combusted gas in the passageway;

which further includes flowing the high pressure buffer gas in the passageway to transfer heat from the structure defining the passageway;

wherein said combusting is initiated from one end of the passageway and a pressure wave travels along the passageway until there is an absence of fuel, and the pressure wave continues along the passageway into the working fluid without fuel to compress the portion of the working fluid to define the high pressure buffer gas.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the high pressure buffer gas includes a portion of substantially non-vitiated gas and a portion of substantially vitiated gas.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein said discharging the first portion of the combusted gas and purging a second portion of the combusted gas out of the passageway creates a substantially uniform flow from the passageway.

16. The method of claim 1, which further includes storing at least a portion of the high-pressure buffer gas prior to said routing.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein said placing is an intermittent operation.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein said placing is a substantially continuous operation.

19. The method of claim 10, wherein said combusting is initiated by a high energy spark device.

20. The method of claim 11, when said portion of the buffer gas flows along at least a portion of the structure to be cooled.

21. The method of claim 1:

wherein said combusting is defined by a detonating combustion process;

which further includes providing at least one fluid inlet port and at least one fluid outlet port disposed adjacent to the passageway of the wave rotor;

which further includes rotating at least one of the passageway and the ports to control the passage of fluid into and out of the wave rotor and through the ports;

wherein the reintroduction of the buffer gas from said discharging into the passageway does work on the second portion of the combusted gas in the passageway;

which further includes flowing the high pressure buffer gas in the passageway to transfer heat from the structure defining the passageway; and

wherein said detonating is initiated from one end of the passageway and a detonation wave travels along the passageway until there is an absence of fuel, and a pressure wave continues along the passageway into the working fluid without fuel to compress the portion of the working fluid to define the high pressure buffer gas.

22. The method of claim 1, wherein said combusting is defined by a deflagration combustion process.

23. The method of claim 4, wherein said combusting is defined by a deflagration combustion process.

24. The method of claim 13, wherein said combusting is defined by a deflagration combustion process.

25. A method, comprising

providing a wave rotor device including a rotatable rotor with a plurality cells adapted for the passage of fluid therethrough, the rotor having a direction of rotation;

rotating the rotor to pass the plurality of cells by a plurality of inlet ports and a plurality of outlet ports;

flowing a working fluid through one of the plurality of inlet ports and into at least one of the cells;

introducing a fuel into the at least one of the cells at the inlet end portion;

detonating the fuel and a first portion of the working fluid within the at least one of the cells, said detonating forming combusted gas and compressing a second portion of the working fluid to define a high pressure buffer gas;

discharging the high pressure buffer gas through one of the plurality of outlet ports;

discharging a first portion of the combusted gas through another of the plurality of outlet ports; and

routing in the direction of rotation of the rotor the high pressure buffer gas from the one of the plurality of outlet ports and reintroducing through another of the plurality of inlet ports into the at least one of the cells to discharge a second portion of the combusted gas from the cell.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein each of the cells have a first end and a second end, and the plurality of inlet ports are disposed adjacent the first end, and the plurality of outlet ports are disposed adjacent the second end.

27. The method of claim 25 wherein each of the cells have a first end and a second end, and the plurality of inlet ports and the outlet port for discharging the high pressure buffer gas are located adjacent the first end and the outlet port for discharging the combusted gas is located adjacent the second end.

28. The method of claim 25, which further includes maintaining the flow velocity of the second portion of the combusted gas exiting through the another of the plurality of outlet ports.

29. The method of claim 25, which further includes precompressing the working fluid prior to said flowing.

30. The method of claim 25, which further includes compressing the second portion of the combusted gas remaining in the cell after said discharging with said high pressure buffer gas.

31. The method of claim 25, wherein said detonating is initiated from one end of a cell and a detonation wave travels along the cell until there is an absence of fuel, and a pressure wave continues along the cell into the working fluid without fuel to compress the portion of the working fluid to define the high pressure buffer gas.

32. The method of claim 25, wherein the buffer gas is a substantially non-vitiated gas.

33. A method, comprising

providing a wave rotor device including a plurality of stationary passageways adapted for the passage of fluid therethrough;

rotating a plurality of inlet ports and a plurality of outlet ports by the plurality of stationary passageways to control the passage of fluid into and out of the stationary passageways, the plurality of ports having a direction of rotation;

flowing a working fluid through one of the plurality of inlet ports and into at least one of the stationary passageways;

introducing a fuel into the at least one of the stationary passageways;

detonating the fuel and a first portion of the working fluid within the at least one of the stationary passageways, said detonating forming combusted gas and compressing a second portion of the working fluid to define a high pressure buffer gas;

discharging the high pressure buffer gas through one of the plurality of outlet ports;

discharging a first portion of the combusted gas through another of the plurality of outlet ports; and

routing in the direction of rotation of the ports the high pressure buffer gas from the one of the plurality of outlet ports and reintroducing through another of the plurality of inlet ports into the at least one of the stationary passageways to discharge a second portion of the combusted gas from the passageway.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein each of the plurality of stationary passageways have a first end and a second end, the plurality of inlet ports are disposed adjacent the first end and the plurality of outlet ports are disposed adjacent the second end.

35. The method of claim 33, wherein each of the stationary passageways have a first end and a second end, the plurality of inlet ports and the outlet port for discharging the high pressure buffer gas are located adjacent the first end and the outlet port for discharging the combusted gas is located adjacent the second end.

36. The method of claim 33, which further includes maintaining the flow velocity of the second portion of the combusted gas existing through the plurality of outlet ports.

37. The method of claim 33, which further includes compressing the second portion of the combusted gas remaining in the cell after said discharging with said high pressure buffer gas.

38. A pressure wave apparatus, comprising:

a structure having a plurality of passageways therethrough adapted for gas flow;

a pair of exit ports disposed in fluid communication with said structure and adapted to receive fluid exiting from said plurality of passageways, one of said pair of exit ports is a combusted gas exit port adapted to discharge a combusted gas from at least one of said plurality of passageways and the other of said pair of exit ports is a buffer gas exit port adapted to discharge buffer gas from said at least one of said plurality of passageways;

a pair of inlet ports disposed in fluid communication with said structure and adapted to introduce fluid to said plurality of passageways, one of said pair of inlet ports is a working fluid inlet port adapted to allow the passage of a working fluid into said at least one of said plurality of passageways and the other of said pair of inlet ports is a buffer gas inlet port adapted to allow the passage of the buffer gas into said at least one of said plurality of passageways, said buffer gas inlet port is positioned adjacent to and sequentially prior to said working fluid inlet port;

a passageway coupled between said buffer gas exit port and said buffer gas inlet port for the delivery of the buffer gas to said at least one of said plurality of passageways; and

one of said plurality of ports and said structure defines a rotatable component, said component is rotatable to control the alignment of said at least one of said plurality of passageways with each of said ports, wherein said passageway is adapted to deliver the buffer gas in the direction of rotation to the buffer gas inlet port.

39. The apparatus of claim 38, wherein said structure is a wheel having said plurality of passageways spaced thereround.

40. The apparatus of claim 38, which further includes a fuel delivery device in fluid communication with said plurality of passageways and adapted to deliver a fuel thereto.

41. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the fuel and a first portion of the working fluid is detonated within said at least one of said plurality of passageways and a second portion of the working fluid is compressed to define the buffer gas exiting the buffer gas exit port.

42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein said structure having said plurality of passageways is rotatable relative to said plurality of ports.

43. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein said plurality of ports is rotatable relative to said structure including said plurality of passageways.

44. A method, comprising:

introducing a quantity of working fluid into a passageway of a wave rotor;

placing a fuel within one end of the passageway;

detonating the fuel within the passageway and creating a quantity of combusted gas adjacent the one end of the passageway and compressing a portion of the working fluid within the passageway to define a high pressure buffer gas adjacent the combusted gas within the passageway;

discharging the high pressure buffer gas out of the passageway;

discharging a first portion of the combusted gas out of the passageway; and

routing the high pressure buffer gas from said discharging back into the passageway to purge a second portion of the combusted gas out of the passageway.

45. The method of claim 44, wherein the high pressure buffer gas is a substantially non-vitiated gas.

46. The method of claim 44:

which further includes providing at least one fluid inlet port and at least one fluid outlet port disposed adjacent to the passageway of the wave rotor; and

which further includes rotating at least one of the passageway and the ports to control the passage of fluid into and out of the wave rotor and through the ports.

47. The method of claim 44, which further includes flowing the high pressure buffer gas in the passageway to transfer heat from the structure defining the passageway.

48. The method of claim 44, wherein said detonating is initiated from one end of the passageway and a detonation wave travels along the passageway until there is an absence of fuel, and a pressure wave continues along the passageway into the working fluid without fuel to compress the portion of the working fluid to define the high pressure buffer gas.

49. The method of claim 44:

wherein the high pressure buffer gas is a substantially non-vitiated gas;

which further includes providing at least one fluid inlet port and at least one fluid outlet port disposed adjacent to the passageway of the wave rotor;

which further includes rotating at least one of the passageway and the ports to control the passage of fluid into and out of the wave rotor;

wherein the reintroduction of the buffer gas from said discharging into the passageway does work on the second portion of the combusted gas in the passageway;

which further includes flowing the high pressure buffer gas in the passageway to transfer heat from the structure defining the passageway;

wherein said detonating is initiated from one end of the passageway and a detonation wave travels along the passageway until there is an absence of fuel, and a pressure wave continues along the passageway into the working fluid without fuel to compress the portion of the working fluid to define the high pressure buffer gas.

50. The method of claim 46, wherein said routing delivers the buffer gas to a location in the wave rotor in the direction of said rotating.

51. The method of claim 44, wherein said discharging the first portion of the combusted gas and purging a second portion of the combusted gas out of the passageway creates a substantially uniform flow from the passageway.

52. The method of claim 44, which further includes routing a portion of the high pressure buffer gas to cool a structure adapted to receive the combusted gas exiting the passageway.