Electrochemiluminescent reaction utilizing amine-derived reductant

• US 6,451,225 B1
• Filed: 06/06/1995
• Issued: 09/17/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 04/30/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: BioVeris Corporation (Roche Holding AG)
• Original Assignee: IGEN International, Inc. (Roche Holding AG)
• Inventors: Powell, Michael Joseph, Leland, Jonathan Kent
• Primary Examiner(s): TUCKER, PHILIP C
• Application Number:
  US08/467,232
• Time in Patent Office: 2,660 Days
• Field of Search: 252/583, 252/700, 362/34, 435/4, 435/5, 435/6, 435/7.1, 435/7.2, 435/7.21
• US Class Current: 252/700
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 213/22 containing two or more pyridine rings directly linked together, e.g. bipyridyl
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 213/48 Aldehydo radicals
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 213/55 Acids; Esters
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 401/12 linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 405/14 containing three or more hetero rings
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 473/08 with methyl radicals in positions 1 and 3, e.g. theophylline
• CPC Class Codes: C07F 13/00 Compounds containing elements of Groups 7 or 17 of the Periodic Table
• CPC Class Codes: C07F 15/0026 without a metal-carbon linkage
• CPC Class Codes: C07F 15/0053 without a metal-carbon linkage
• CPC Class Codes: C07H 21/00 Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/04 Determining presence or kind of microorganism; Use of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocides; Compositions containing a chemical indicator therefor C12Q1/6897 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/76 Chemiluminescence; Bioluminescence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/305 optically transparent or photoresponsive electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/533 with fluorescent label
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/569 for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/582 with fluorescent label
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/76 Human chorionic gonadotropin including luteinising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone or their receptors

Abstract

A composition suitable for use in an ECL assay wherein electromagnetic radiation emitted by said composition is detected, which composition comprises

(a) a metal-containing ECL moiety which, when oxidized by exposure to an effective amount of electrochemical energy, is capable of being converted to an excited state from which electromagnetic radiation is emitted upon exposure of the excited ECL moiety to conditions sufficient to induce said emission;

(b) an amine or amine moiety which, when oxidized by exposure to an effective amount of electrochemical energy, forms a strong reducing agent in said composition; and

(c) an electrolyte capable of functioning as a medium in which said ECL moiety and said amine or amine moiety can be oxidized by exposure to electrochemical energy.

Claims

1. A composition suitable for use in an ECL assay wherein electromagnetic radiation emitted by said composition is detected, which composition comprises

(a) a metal-containing ECL moiety linked to a biological substance or a synthetic substance that chemically resembles a biological substance which, when oxidized by exposure to an effective amount of electrochemical energy, is capable of being converted to an excited state from which electrochemiluminescence is emitted upon exposure of the excited ECL moiety to conditions sufficient to induce said emission;

and

(b) an amine or amine moiety which, when oxidized by exposure to an effective amount of electrochemical energy, forms a strong reducing agent in said composition; and

,

(c) an electrolyte capable of functioning as a medium in which said ECL moiety and said amine or amine moiety can be oxidized by exposure to electrochemical energy.

2. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein said ECL moiety is a metal chelate.

3. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein said strong reducing agent has a redox potential, E_a, defined as follows

4. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein said electrolyte is aqueous.

5. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein said electrolyte is non-aqueous.

39. The composition as defined in claim 1, wherein said amine is 1,4-piperazine-bis-ethanesulfonic acid.

43. A composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the buffering component comprises a phosphate.

6. A composition suitable for use in an ECL assay wherein electromagnetic radiation emitted by said composition is detected, which composition comprises

(a) a metal chelate linked to a biological substance or a synthetic substance that chemically resembles a biological substance which, when oxidized by exposure to an effective amount of electrochemical energy, is capable of being converted to an excited state from which electrochemiluminescence is emitted upon exposure of the excited metal chelate to conditions sufficient to induce said emission;

(b) an amine or amine moiety which, when oxidized by exposure to an effective amount of electrochemical energy, forms a strong reducing agent, said strong reducing agent having a redox potential, E_a, defined as follows $E_a<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\frac{-\mathrm{hc}}{\mathrm{\lambda <br><br>}}+K+E_m$

wherein h is Planck'"'"'s constant, c is the speed of light, λ

is the wave length characteristic of radiation emitted from the excited state of the metal chelate, K is the product of the absolute temperature in degrees Kelvin and the change in entropy, and E_m is the redox potential of the metal chelate;

(c) an electrolyte capable of functioning as a medium in which said chelate and said amine or amine moiety can be oxidized by exposure to electrochemical energy.

7. A composition as defined in claim 6, wherein the metal of said metal chelate is a transition metal or a rare earth metal.

8. A composition as defined in claim 6, wherein the metal of said metal chelate is ruthenium, osmium, rhenium, iridium, rhodium, platinum, indium, palladium, molybedenum, technetium, copper, chromium or tungsten.

9. A composition as defined in claim 6, which comprises an amine selected from the group consisting of aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, diamines, polyamines, such amines substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of —

OH, alkyl, chloro, fluoro, bromo, iodo, —

SO₃, aryl, —

SH,

ester groups, ether groups, alkenyl, alkynyl,

—

N₂⁺, cyano, epoxide groups and heterocyclic groups, of protonatated salts of the formula R₃ NH⁺, wherein R is H or a substituent listed above, and of heterocyclic amines, or comprises an amine moiety derived from any of the foregoing amines or substituted amines.

10. A composition as defined in claim 6, wherein said amine comprises a tripropyl amine or wherein said amine moiety comprises a species including a tripropyl amine moiety.

11. A composition as defined in claim 6, which composition is aqueous.

12. A composition as defined in claim 6, which composition is non-aqueous.

13. A composition as defined in claim 6, which includes an electrolyte comprising a salt dissolved in water.

14. A composition as defined in claim 6, which includes an electrolyte comprising a phosphate buffer.

15. A composition as defined in claim 6, which includes an electrolyte comprising an organic liquid.

16. A composition as defined in claim 6, which includes an electrolyte comprising acetonitrile, DMSO, DMF, methanol, ethanol or a mixture of two or more thereof.

17. A composition as defined in claim 6, which includes an electrolyte comprising water and an organic liquid miscible therewith.

18. A composition as defind in claim 6, which comprises a ruthenium-containing chelate, tripropyl amine and a phosphate buffer.

19. A composition as defined in claim 6, which is aqueous and wherein the pH is 6-9.

20. A composition as defined in claim 6, wherein said amine or amine moiety is present is stoichiometric excess in respect of the metal chelate.

40. The composition defined in claim 6, wherein said amine is 1,4-piperazine-bis-ethanesulfonic acid.

44. A composition as defined in claim 6, wherein the buffering component comprises a phosphate.

21. A reagent suitable for providing a composition for use in an ECL assay wherein electromagnetic radiation is emitted by said composition, said composition comprising (i) a metal-containing ECL moiety linked to a biological substance or a synthetic substance that chemically resembles a biological substance which, when oxidized by exposure to an effective amount of electrochemical energy, is capable of being converted to an excited state from which electrochemiluminescence is emitted upon exposure of the excited ECL moiety to conditions sufficient to induce said emission, (ii) an amine or an amine moiety which, when oxidized by exposure to an effective amount of electrochemical energy, forms a strong reducing agent, and (iii) an electrolyte capable of functioning as a medium in which said ECL moiety and said amine or amine moiety can be oxidized by exposure to electrochemical energy,

said reagent comprising said ECL moiety (i) and said amine or amine moiety (ii).

22. A reagent as defined in claim 21, which comprises said metal-containing ECL moiety (i), and said amine or amine moiety (ii).

23. A reagent as defined in claim 21, which comprises said metal-containing ECL moiety (i) and said electrolyte (iii).

24. A reagent as defined in claim 21, which comprises said amine or amine moiety (ii) and said electrolyte (iii).

25. A reagent as defined in claim 21, 22, 23 or 24, which comprises an amine or amine moiety which forms a strong reducing agent having a redox potential, E_a, which is defined as follows $E_a\le$

 



-hcλ

+K+Em

wherein h is Planck'"'"'s constant, c is the speed of light, λ

is the wave length characteristic of radiation emitted from the excited state of the ECL moiety, K is the product of the, absolute temperature in degrees Kelvin and the change in entropy, and E_m is the redox potential of the ECL moiety.

37. A reagent as defined in claim 21, which further comprises said electrolyte.

41. The reagent defined in claim 21, wherein said amine is 1,4-piperazine-bis-ethanesulfonic acid.

45. A composition as defined in claim 21, wherein the buffering component comprises a phosphate.

26. A reagent suitable for providing a composition for performing an ECL assay wherein electromagnetic radiation is emitted by said composition, said composition comprising (i) a metal chelate linked to a biological substance or a synthetic substance that chemically resembles a biological substance which, when oxidized by exposure to an effective amount of electrochemical energy, is capable of being converted to an excited state from which electrochemiluminescence is emitted upon exposure of the excited metal chelate to conditions sufficient to induce said emission, (ii) an amine or an amine moiety which, when oxidized by exposure to an effective amount of electrochemical energy, forms a strong reducing agent, and (iii) an electrolyte capable of functioning as a medium in which said chelate and said amine or amine moiety can be oxidized by exposure to electrochemical energy,

said reagent comprising said group consisting of said metal chelate (i), and said amine or amine moiety (ii), wherein said amine or said amine moiety forms a strong reducing agent having a redox potential, E_m, defined as follows $E_a$

 



-hcλ

+K+Em

wherein h is Planck'"'"'s constant, c is the speed of light, λ

is the wave length characteristic of radiation emitted from the excited state of the metal chelate, K is the product of the absolute temperature in degrees Kelvin and the change in entropy, and E_m is the redox potential of the metal chelate.

27. A reagent as defined in claim 26, which comprises (a) said metal chelate (i) and said amine or amine moiety (ii), (b) said metal chelate (i) and said electrolyte (iii), or (c) said amine or amine moiety (ii) and said electrolyte (iii).

28. A reagent as defined in claim 26, wherein said amine is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, diamines, polyamines, and such amines substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting —

OH, alkyl, chloro, fluoro, bromo, iodo, —

SO₃, aryl, —

SH,

ester groups, ether groups, alkenyl, alkynyl,

—

N₂⁺cyano, epoxide groups and heterocyclic groups, of protonatated salts of the formula R₃ NH⁺, wherein R is H or a substituent listed above, and of heterocyclic amines, or comprises an amine moiety derived from one said substituted or unsubstituted amines.

29. A reagent as defined in claim 28, wherein said amine comprises a tripropyl amine or wherein said amine moiety comprises a species including a tripropyl amine moiety.

30. A reagent as defined in claim 26, which includes an electrolyte comprising a salt dissolved in water.

31. A reagent as defined in claim 26, which includes an aqueous electrolyte.

32. A reagent as defined in claim 26, which comprises a ruthenium-containing chelate, tripropyl amine and a phosphate buffer.

33. A reagent as defined in claim 26, which includes an aqueous electrolyte comprising an aqueous phosphate buffer.

34. A reagent as defined in claim 26, which includes an electrolyte comprising an organic liquid.

35. A reagent as defined in claim 26, wherein said organic liquid is acetonitrile, DMSO, DMF, methanol, ethanol, or a mixture of two or more thereof.

36. A reagent as defined in claim 26, which includes an electrolyte comprising water and an organic liquid miscible therewith.

38. A reagent as defined in claim 26, which further comprises said electrolyte.

42. The reagent defined in claim 26, wherein said amine is 1,4-piperazine-bis-ethanesulfonic acid.

46. A composition as defined in claim 26, wherein the buffering component comprises a phosphate.

47. A composition suitable for use in an ECL assay wherein electromagnetic radiation emitted by said composition is detected, which composition comprises

(a) a metal-containing ECL moiety linked to a biological substance or a synthetic substance that chemically resembles a biological substance which, when oxidized by exposure to an effective amount of electrochemical energy, is capable of being converted to an excited state from which electrochemiluminescence is emitted upon exposure of the excited ECL moiety to conditions sufficient to induce said emission;

and

(b) an amine or amine moiety which, when oxidized by exposure to an effective amount of electrochemical energy, forms a strong reducing agent in said composition; and

(c) an electrolyte comprising a pH buffering component which when dissolved in an aqueous liquid is capable of functioning as a medium in which said ECL moiety and said amine or amine moiety can be oxidized by exposure to electrochemical energy.

48. The composition of claim 47, wherein said metal-containing ECL moiety is a Ru or Os-containing metal chelate.

49. The composition of claim 47, wherein said amine or amine moiety is a tertiary amine or tertiary amine moiety.

50. The composition of claim 49, wherein said tertiary amine or amine moiety is tripropyl amine.

51. The composition of claim 47, wherein said pH buffering component comprises a salt.

52. The composition of claim 47, wherein said pH buffering component comprises phosphate.