Multi-conductor soft heating element

• US 6,452,138 B1
• Filed: 05/11/1999
• Issued: 09/17/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 09/25/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Thermosoft International Corporation
• Original Assignee: Thermosoft International Corporation
• Inventors: Kochman, Arkady, Gurevich, Arthur
• Primary Examiner(s): Hoang, Tu Ba
• Application Number:
  US09/309,917
• Time in Patent Office: 1,225 Days
• Field of Search: 219/200, 219/201, 219/212, 219/217, 219/520, 219/527, 219/528, 219/529, 219/538, 219/539, 219/542, 219/545, 219/548, 219/549
• US Class Current: 219/549
• CPC Class Codes: A41D 13/0051 Heated garments heated divers' suits B63C11/28
• CPC Class Codes: H01C 1/148 the terminals embracing or surrounding the resistive element H01C1/142 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01C 17/00 Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors providing fillings for housings or enclosures H01C1/02; reducing insulation surrounding a resistor to powder H01C1/03; manufacture of thermally variable resistors H01C7/02, H01C7/04
• CPC Class Codes: H01C 7/00 Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material consisting of loose powdered or granular material H01C8/00; resistors having potential barriers, e.g. field-effect resistors, H01L29/00; semiconductor devices sensitive to electromagnetic or corpuscular radiation, e.g. photoresistors, H01L31/00; magnetic field controlled resistors H10N50/10; bulk negative resistance effect devices H10N80/00
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 5/043 the temperature dependent resistor being disposed parallel to a heating wire, e.g. in a heating blanket
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/003 using serpentine layout
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/004 using zigzag layout
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/005 using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/011 Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/013 Heaters using resistive films or coatings
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/017 Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/02 Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/026 Heaters specially adapted for floor heating
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/029 Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/036 Heaters specially adapted for garment heating
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 3/145 Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 3/342 heaters used in textiles
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 3/58 Heating hoses; Heating collars

Abstract

A soft heating element utilizing individually insulated electrically conductive carbon or metal containing threads/fibers or metal wires that are woven together with nonconductive threads, into sheets, sleeves or strips. The individually insulated conductive threads/fibers or metal wires can be laminated between layers of nonconductive insulation. Nonconductive polymer insulation can be extruded around the non-insulated electrically conductive threads/fibers or metal wires to form strips, sheets or sleeves/pipes. The heating element core is shaped in a desired pattern and connected in parallel or in series to the energizing bus conductors. The thermostats are located in areas of folds in order to control their cycling. When dictated by the heating element design, the electrically conductive threads/fibers have a polymer base, which acts as a Thermal-Cut-Off (TCO) material at predetermined temperatures. Metal fibers or metal wires, incorporated in the heating element core, may be utilized as temperature sensors.

Claims

1. A soft and flexible heating element having a durable construction for incorporation into a plurality of articles, said heating element comprising:

at least one continuous electrically conductive strip, comprising metal containing threads, said strip is cut to a desired length and laid out in predetermined pattern to fit the heated area, providing that said soft heating element comprises at least one gap between portions of at least one of said strips;

a conductive means for introducing an electrical current to said strip,

an insulating means for insulating at least said electrically conductive threads with nonconductive means.

2. The soft and flexible heating element according to claim 1, wherein said metal containing threads comprise electrically conductive metal coated synthetic threads.

3. The soft and flexible heating element according to claim 1, wherein said metal containing threads comprise electrically conductive metal coated inorganic threads.

4. The soft and flexible heating element according to claim 1, wherein said metal containing threads comprise electrically conductive metal coated carbon threads.

5. The soft and flexible heating element according to claim 1, wherein said metal containing threads comprise electrically conductive metal fibers.

6. The soft and flexible heating element according to claim 1, further including electrical resistance sensor disposed through the whole length of said strip for providing overheating control capabilities to said heating element.

7. The soft and flexible heating element according to claim 1, further including a shape holding means for connecting and holding said portions of said conductive strip in the predetermined pattern.

8. The soft and flexible heating element according to claim 1, further including a heat reflecting layer, placed on at least one side of said soft heating element, and electrically insulated from said conductive strip and said conductive means.

9. A soft and flexible heating element having a durable construction for incorporation into a plurality of articles, said heating element comprising:

at least one continuous electrically conductive strip, comprising metal wires, said strip is cut to a desired length and laid out in predetermined pattern to fit the heated area, providing that said soft heating element comprises at least one gap between portions of at least one of said strips;

a conductive means for introducing an electrical current to said strip;

an insulating means for insulating at least said electrically conductive threads with nonconductive means.

10. A soft and flexible heating element having a durable construction for incorporation into a plurality of articles, said heating element comprising:

at least one continuous strip, comprising electrically conductive threads, said strip is cut to a desired length and laid out in predetermined pattern to fit the heated area, providing that said soft heating element comprises at least one gap between portions of at least one of said strips;

at least one thermostat, attached to the surface of said strip the area of enhanced heating;

a conductive means for introducing an electrical current to said strip;

an insulating means for insulating at least said electrically conductive threads with nonconductive means.

11. The soft and flexible heating element according to claim 10, wherein said area of enhanced heating comprises portions of said strip which are folded and attached to each other.

12. A soft and flexible heating element having a durable construction for incorporation into a plurality of articles, said heating element comprising:

a conductive means for introducing an electrical current to said heating element;

a soft heating element core, comprising carbon containing threads coated nonmetallic inorganic threads, which are electrically connected to said conductive means;

at least one thermostat, attached to the surface of said heating element core in the area of enhanced heating;

an insulating means for insulating at least said carbon containing threads with nonconductive means.

13. The soft and flexible heating element according to claim 12, wherein said carbon containing threads comprise carbon fibers.

14. The soft and flexible heating element according to claim 12, wherein said carbon containing threads comprise carbon coated nonmetallic inorganic threads.

15. The soft and flexible heating element according to claim 12, wherein said carbon containing threads comprise threads impregnated with conductive ink.

16. A soft and flexible multiconductor heating element having a durable construction for incorporation into a plurality of articles, said heating element comprising:

electrically conductive sleeve of continuous cross-section, comprising conductive metal containing threads;

a conductive means for introducing an electrical current to said conductive sleeve;

an insulating means for insulating at least said metal containing threads with nonconductive means.

17. The soft and flexible multiconductor heating element according to claim 16, wherein said metal containing threads comprise metal coated textile threads.

18. The soft and flexible heating element according to claim 16, wherein said metal containing threads comprise metal fibers.

19. The soft and flexible heating element according to claim 16, further including at least one temperature sensing means disposed longitudinally in said sleeve.

20. The soft and flexible multiconductor heating element according to claim 19, wherein said temperature sensing means is an insulated heating cable which comprises at least one synthetic thread, having electrically conductive coating, said synthetic thread melts at the temperatures above 120°

C. and below 320°

C., which terminates electrical continuity in said heating cable.

21. A soft and flexible multiconductor heating cable having a durable construction for incorporation into a plurality of articles, said heating cable comprising:

electroconductive metal coated nonmetallic fibers, incorporated into continuous textile threads, said threads are encapsulated by insulating means and separated from each other by said insulating means, said cable cut into desired length and electrically terminated by electrode connectors.

22. A soft and flexible multiconductor heating cable having a durable construction for incorporation into a plurality of articles, said heating cable comprising:

electroconductive metal fibers, incorporated into continuous textile threads, said threads are encapsulated by insulating means and separated from each other by said insulating means, said cable cut into desired length and electrically terminated by electrode connectors.

23. A soft and flexible multiconductor heating element having a durable construction for incorporation into a plurality of articles, said heating element comprising:

at least one continuous strip, comprising multiple, individually insulated, electrically conductive cables, said cables are disposed longitudinally in said strip, separated from each other by nonconductive means and connected with said nonconductive means;

an area of heat concentration comprising at least one fold along the length of said strip;

at least one temperature sensing device attached to the surface of said strip in the area of said heat concentration;

a conductive means for introducing an electrical current to said strip.

24. The soft and flexible multiconductor heating element according to claim 23, wherein said temperature sensing device comprises thermostat.

25. The soft and flexible multiconductor heating element according to claim 23, wherein said multiple, individually insulated, electrically conductive cables are electrically connected in parallel.

26. A soft and flexible multiconductor heating element having a durable construction for incorporation into a plurality of articles, said heating element comprising:

at least one continuous strip, comprising multiple, individually insulated, electrically conductive cables, said cables are disposed longitudinally in said strip, separated from each other by nonconductive means and connected with said nonconductive means;

at least one temperature sensing means disposed longitudinally through the whole length of said strip;

a conductive means for introducing an electrical current to said strip.

27. The soft and flexible multiconductor heating element according to claim 26, wherein said temperature sensing means and said electrically conductive cables are electrically connected in parallel.

28. The soft and flexible multiconductor heating element according to claim 26, wherein said temperature sensing means is an insulated heating cable which comprises at least one synthetic thread, having electrically conductive coating;

said synthetic thread melts at the temperatures above 120°

C. and below 320°

C., which terminates electrical continuity in said heating cable.

29. A soft multi-conductor heating element having a durable construction for incorporation into plurality of articles, said element comprising:

at least one continuous electrically conductive textile strip, comprising electrically conductive metal coated carbon fiber threads, said strip is cut to a desired length, folded and laid out to fit within said heating element and define folded portions, provided that said soft heating element comprises at least one gap between the folded portions of said at least one strip;

a conductive means for introducing an electrical current to said textile strip;

an insulating means for insulating at least said metal coated carbon fiber threads with a least one layer of non-conductive means.

30. A soft multi-conductor heating element having a durable construction for incorporation into plurality of articles, said element comprising:

at least one continuous electrically conductive textile strip, comprising metal containing threads, said strip is cut to a desired length, folded and laid out to fit within said heating element and define folded portions, provided that said soft heating element comprises at least one gap between the folded portions of said at least one strip;

a conductive means for introducing an electrical current to said textile strip;

an insulating means for insulating at least said metal containing textile threads with at least one layer of non-conductive means;

electrical resistance temperature sensor disposed through the whole length of said strip for providing overheating control capabilities to said heating element.

31. A soft and flexible heating element having a durable construction for incorporation into a plurality of articles, said heating element comprising:

at least one continuous strip, comprising electrically conductive threads as heating means. said strip is cut to a desired length, folded and laid out to fit within said heating element and define folded portions, providing that said soft heating element comprises at least one gap between the folded portions of said at least one strip;

a conductive means for introducing an electrical current to said strip;

an insulating means for insulating at least said electrically conductive threads with electrically nonconductive means;

at least one temperature sensing device directly attached to the surface of said strip at the location of enhanced heat concentration.

32. A soft and flexible multiconductor heating element having a durable construction for incorporation into a plurality of articles, said heating element comprising:

electrically conductive textile sleeve having hollow interior and continuous cross-section, said sleeve comprising conductive metal containing threads as electrical resistance heating means, said threads are separated from each other by nonconductive means;

a conductive means for introducing an electrical current to said heating means;

an insulating means for insulating at least said metal containing threads with nonconductive means;

at least one temperature sensitive means disposed longitudinally in said sleeve.

33. The soft and flexible multiconductor heating element according to claim 32, wherein said temperature sensing means is an insulated heating cable which comprises at least one synthetic fiber thread, having electrically conductive coating, said synthetic fiber thread melts at the temperature above 120°

C. and below 320°

C., which terminates electrical continuity in said heating cable.