Method of shaping continuous fiber lamina to an undulated surface by cutting individual fibers

• US 6,454,893 B1
• Filed: 08/24/2000
• Issued: 09/24/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 08/24/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: McKague, Elbert Lee Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ball, Michael W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Musser, Barbara J.
• Application Number:
  US09/645,223
• Time in Patent Office: 761 Days
• Field of Search: 156/166, 156/180, 156/264, 156/269, 156/270, 156/512, 156/210, 156/221, 156/224, 156/433, 264/136, 264/137, 264/258, 428/134, 428/136, 428/131, 428/137
• US Class Current: 156/166
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 2793/00 Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 70/12 using fibres of short length, e.g. in the form of a mat non-woven fabrics per se D04H1/00
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 70/46 using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 70/545 Perforating, cutting or machining during or after moulding
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 156/1025 to form undulated to corrugated sheet and securing to base with parts of shaped areas out of contact
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 156/1075 of plural laminae from single stock and assembling to each other or to additional lamina

Abstract

Slits of precisely controlled length are cut in a layer of material having collimated fibers. Each slit begins at a defined coordinate point and proceeds diagonally at an acute angle relative to the axial direction of the fibers. Subsequent slits are initiated at coordinate points relative to the starting coordinate point of the previous slit. The region of fibers located above and below each slit are referred to as upper and lower fiber bands, respectively. The lower bands are substantially aligned in a zonal band that runs perpendicular to the lengths of the fibers. The location of the beginning coordinate point for each slit defining a zonal band is defined by adding a random length dimension to a previous starting coordinate point. The maximum length of the cut fibers may be determined in accordance with the intended application and process. For example, in the case of a corrugated shape that is made by forming a flat laminate into the final corrugated shape in one step, the maximum fiber length is limited to a dimension somewhat less than the period of the corrugations. The minimum length of the fibers is selected to assure maximum load-carrying capacity of the finished composite component.

Claims

1. A method of intentionally inflicting controlled damage to create a conformable material, comprising the steps of:

(a) impregnating continuous unidirectional collimated fibers with a resinous matrix to form a web, which is then cut to define sheets of material wherein the fibers extend in a longitudinal direction;

(b) forming a series of slits in the sheets that are diagonal to the longitudinal direction of the fibers, such that the collimated fibers are cut into segmented fibers having precisely-controlled lengths and ends that are diagonal to the longitudinal direction; and

(c) laying the sheets on a tool having a corrugated contour with multiple peaks to form a laminate in which the segmented fibers have lengths that are less than a period of the corrugated contour as as to avoid the fiber ends being pinned against adjacent peaks.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the collimated fibers of step (a) comprise braided tows of fibers.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein step (b) comprises forming the slits at an angle in the range of 5 to 45 degrees relative to the longitudinal direction.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of spacing the slits apart from each other such that the slits are discontinuous and randomly distributed.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the segmented fibers extending between any two of the slits define a fiber band; and

the lengths of the segmented fibers within any one of the fiber bands are the same, and the lengths of the fiber bands are randomly distributed between a minimum length and a maximum length.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the defining step comprises setting the minimum length of each of the fiber bands such that a shear load equal to an inherent tensile capacity of each of the segmented fibers is transferred through the resinous matrix to adjacent ones of the segmented fibers within the same fiber band.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein all of the slits on any one of the sheets of material are formed at the same angle relative to the longitudinal direction.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the segmented fibers extending between two of the slits comprise a fiber band, and wherein the segmented fibers within any one of the fiber bands have the same length.

7. A method of intentionally inflicting controlled damage to create a conformable material, comprising the steps of:

(a) impregnating unidirectional, continuous, collimated fibers with a resinous matrix to form a web, which is then cut to define sheets of material wherein the fibers extend in a longitudinal direction;

(b) forming a series of slits in the sheets such that the collimated fibers are cut into segmented fibers having precisely-controlled lengths, wherein the segmented fibers are divided by the slits into fiber bands, the length of any one of the segmented fibers within each of the fiber bands being the same as all other of the segmented fibers within the same fiber band, and the fiber bands within each of the sheets having a variety of lengths selected between a minimum and a maximum; and

(c) laying the sheets on a tool having a corrugated contour with multiple peaks to form a laminate, the lengths of the fiber bands being selected such that the segmented fibers therein have lengths that are less than a period of the corrugated contour so as to avoid the fiber ends being pinned against adjacent peaks.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein step (b) comprises forming the slits in the sheets diagonal to the longitudinal direction of the fibers such that the segmented fibers within the fiber bands have ends that are diagonal to the longitudinal direction.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein step (b) comprises forming the slits at an angle in the range of 5 and 45 degrees relative to the longitudinal direction.

10. The method of claim 7 wherein step (b) comprises forming the slits in the sheets perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the fibers.

11. The method of claim 7, further comprising the step of spacing the slits apart such that the slits are discontinuous and randomly distributed.

12. The method of claim 7, further comprising the step of setting the minimum length of each of the fiber bands such that a shear load equal to an inherent tensile capacity of any one of the segmented fibers is transferred through the resinous matrix to adjacent ones of the segmented fibers within the same fiber band.

15. The method of claim 7, wherein all of the slits on any one of the sheets of material are formed at the same angle relative to the longitudinal direction.

16. The method of claim 7, wherein step (b) comprises providing a cylinder having a plurality of blades protruding therefrom, and rolling the cylinder over the sheets of material to cause the blades to form the slits.

17. The method of claim 7, wherein step (b) comprises providing a cylinder having a plurality of blades protruding therefrom, the blades being at a variety of distances from each other and staggered from each other from one end of the cylinder to another end of the cylinder, then rolling the cylinder over the sheets of material to cause the blades to form the slits.

18. The method of claim 7, wherein step (b) comprises providing a cylinder with an axis of rotation and a plurality of blades of equal width protruding therefrom, the blades being parallel to the axis and positioned in a plurality of rows that extend around the sidewall of the cylinder, the blades being spaced apart from each other in each row a variety of distances, the blades in any one of the rows being staggered relative to the blades in adjacent rows, then rolling the cylinder over the sheets of material to cause the blades to form the slits.

19. A method of forming a laminate, comprising:

(a) impregnating continuous, unidirectional fibers with a resinous matrix to form a web, which is then cut to define sheets of material wherein the fibers extend in a longitudinal direction;

(b) providing a cylinder with an axis of rotation and a plurality of blades protruding therefrom, the blades being parallel to the axis, having lengths much smaller than a length of the cylinder, and positioned along the length of the cylinder in a plurality of rows that extend around the sidewall of the cylinder, the blades being spaced apart from each other in each row a variety of distances, the blades in any one of the rows being staggered relative to the blades in adjacent rows;

(c) rolling the cylinder over the sheets of material to cause the blades to form a plurality of slits in the sheets of material and cutting the unidirectional fibers into fiber segments; and

(d) laying the sheets on a tool having a corrugated contour to form a laminate, the blades in each row being positioned such that the segmented fibers have lengths that are less than a period of the corrugated contour so as to avoid the fiber ends being pinned against adjacent peaks.

20. The method according to claim 19 wherein the blades have the same lengths.