Voltage converter

• US 6,456,051 B2
• Filed: 02/08/2001
• Issued: 09/24/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 02/15/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: STMicroelectronics Limited (STMicroelectronics NV)
• Original Assignee: STMicroelectronics Limited (STMicroelectronics NV)
• Inventors: Darzy, Saul
• Primary Examiner(s): Patel, Rajnikant B.
• Application Number:
  US09/779,777
• Publication Number:
  US 20010017536A1
• Time in Patent Office: 593 Days
• Field of Search: 323/284, 323/282, 323/281, 323/285, 323/286, 323/272, 323/222, 363/89, 363/97, 363/56
• US Class Current: 323/284
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/156 with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators

Abstract

A voltage converter comprises an input, an output and a current control arrangement for controlling the output current of the voltage converter circuit. The current control arrangement comprises a first mode, when the voltage output by the converter circuit is above a threshold voltage, and a second mode in which the voltage output by the circuit is below the threshold voltage. The first and second modes are controlled by the same current control arrangement. The current control arrangement comprises comparing means arranged to receive a reference voltage wherein the reference voltage is a voltage offset associated with at least one of the inputs of the comparing means.

Claims

1. A voltage converter circuit comprising:

an input;

an output; and

a current control arrangement for controlling an output current of said converter circuit, said current control arrangement comprising a first mode when a voltage output by said converter circuit is above a threshold voltage and the output current of said converter circuit is substantially constant and a second mode in which the voltage output by said converter circuit is below said threshold voltage, said first and second modes being controlled by the same current control arrangement, said current control arrangement comprising comparing means, arranged to receive a reference voltage, comprising a voltage offset associated with at least one of a plurality of inputs of the comparing means;

whereby

when the voltage output by said converter circuit is in a short circuit condition, the comparing means provides a predetermined non zero output.

2. A circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second mode is used when the output voltage is between said threshold voltage and a short circuit condition.

3. A circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said current control arrangement is arranged to control said converter circuit in said second mode such that the output current is kept at or below a given threshold when the output voltage is in the short circuit condition.

4. A circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said current control arrangement further comprises a resistive element.

5. A circuit as claimed in claim 4, wherein said current control arrangement is arranged to determine a voltage drop across said resistive element.

6. A circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said comparing means comprises a differential amplifying arrangement.

7. A circuit as claimed in claim 5, wherein said comparing means is arranged to compare said reference voltage with the voltage drop across said resistive element.

8. A circuit as claimed in claim 7, wherein in said first mode, the voltage drop across the resistive element plus a voltage drop across a second resistive element connected to one of the plurality of inputs of said comparing means is compared to said reference voltage.

9. A circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said comparing means comprises a rail to rail amplifier.

10. A circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said comparing means comprises a transconductance amplifier.

11. A circuit as claimed in claim 4, wherein said comparing means is such that in the short circuit condition, the output current is equal to the voltage offset divided by a resistance of said resistive element.

12. A circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein an output of said current control arrangement is used to generate a control signal for controlling said converter circuit.

13. A circuit as claimed in claim 12, wherein said control signal is used to control a switch.

14. A circuit as claimed in claim 12, wherein the output of the current control arrangement is used to modulate a signal to generate the control signal.

15. A circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said converter circuit is a DC to DC converter circuit.

16. A circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein a voltage control arrangement is provided.

17. A circuit as claimed in claim 16, wherein said current control arrangement and said voltage control arrangement are independent.

18. A circuit as claimed in claim 16, wherein selecting means are provided for selecting one of said voltage control arrangement and said current control arrangement.

19. A circuit as claimed in claim 18, wherein said selecting means comprises an OR circuit.

20. A circuit as claimed in claim 18, wherein said selecting means compares outputs from said voltage control arrangement and said current control arrangement in order to select which of said control arrangement is to control said converter circuit.

21. A voltage converter to provide an output voltage to a load, the voltage converter comprising:

an input adapted to receive an input voltage;

an output to provide the output voltage to the load;

a voltage control loop, connected to the output, to control a value of the output voltage provided to the load; and

a current control loop, connected to the output, to control a value of a current provided to the load, the current control loop having a first mode in which the value of the output voltage is above a threshold value and the value of the current provided to the load has a first and substantially constant value, and a second mode in which the value of the output voltage is at or below the threshold value and the value of the current provided to the load varies between the first value and a second and non-zero value that is below the first value, wherein when the value of the output voltage is below the threshold value and a short circuit condition exists, the value of the current provided to the load is limited to the second value.

22. The voltage converter of claim 21, wherein the current control loop operates independently of the voltage control loop.

23. The voltage converter of claim 21, wherein the voltage converter is a pulse width modulated voltage converter.

24. The voltage converter of claim 21, further comprising:

a transistor having a fist main terminal coupled to the input of the voltage converter, a second main terminal, and a control terminal;

an inductor having a first terminal that is coupled to the second main terminal of the transistor and a second terminal;

a first resistor coupled to the second terminal of the inductor and the output of the voltage converter; and

a capacitor coupled between the second terminal of the inductor and in parallel with the load;

wherein the current control loop includes a comparator having a first input that is coupled through a second resistor to the second terminal of the inductor and a second input that is coupled through a voltage offset to the output of the voltage converter, an output of the comparator being coupled to the control terminal of the transistor, the comparator comparing a first voltage drop across the first resistor to a second voltage drop across the second resistor to provide a control signal that controls the value of the current provided to the load in the second mode, wherein when the first voltage drop is greater that the second voltage drop and the short circuit condition exists, the control signal limits the value of the current provided to the load to the second value.

25. The voltage converter of claim 24, wherein the second value of the current provided to the load is limited to a value of the voltage offset divided by a resistance of the first resistor.

26. The voltage converter of claim 25, wherein when the second drop is greater than the first voltage drop and the value of the output voltage is above the threshold value, the control signal fixed the value of the current provided to the load in the first mode of the first value.

27. The voltage converter of claim 26, wherein the first value of the current provided to the load is approximately equal to a value of the first voltage drop divided by the resistance of the first resistor.

28. The voltage converter of claim 24, wherein the comparator is a first comparator and the control signal is a first control signal, and wherein the voltage control loop includes:

a voltage divider coupled to the output converter, the voltage divider having an output;

a second comparator having a first input that is coupled to the output of the voltage divider and a second input that is coupled to a reference voltage, an output of the second comparator being coupled to the control terminal of the transistor, the second comparator comparing the output of the voltage divider to the reference voltage to provide a second control signal that regulates the value of the voltage provided to the load.

29. The voltage converter of claim 28, further comprising:

an OR circuit, coupled to the output of the first and second comparators, the OR circuit selecting one of the first and second control signals to provide as an output of the OR circuit based upon which of the first and second control signals is larger; and

a third comparator having a first input coupled to the output of the OR circuit and a second input that is coupled to an output of a saw tooth generator, an output of the third comparator being coupled to the control terminal of the transistor to provide a modulated output signal that controls the transistor.

30. The voltage converter of claim 24, wherein when the second voltage drop is greater that the first voltage drop and the value of the output voltage is above the threshold value, the control signal fixes the value of the current provided to the load in the first mode to the first value.

31. The voltage converter of claim 24, wherein the first value of the current provided to the load is approximately equal to a value of the first voltage drop divided by the resistance of the first resistor.