Optical sheets suitable for spreading light

• US 6,456,437 B1
• Filed: 09/14/2000
• Issued: 09/24/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 01/14/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties Company (3M Company)
• Original Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties Company (3M Company)
• Inventors: Marttila, Charles A., Lea, Michael C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Epps, Georgia
• Assistant Examiner(s): O'NEILL, GARY WILLIAM
• Application Number:
  US09/646,363
• Time in Patent Office: 740 Days
• Field of Search: 359/625, 359/627
• US Class Current: 359/625
• CPC Class Codes: F21V 5/02 of prismatic shape F21V5/04 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F21Y 2101/00 Point-like light sources
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/045 Prism arrays

Abstract

An optical sheet (25) for spreading light has a substantially smooth surface (27), and a structured surface (28) comprising an array of prisms (30, 31). A beam of light that is to be spread is directed through the film from the smooth surface. Some of the prisms (termed “refraction prisms”) deviate normally-incident light only by refraction at a prism facet as the light leaves the film while others (termed “reflection prisms”) deviates normally-incident light by total internal reflection within the prism before the light leaves the film. There are a plurality of reflection prisms (30) selected to deviate normally-incident light through different angles and a plurality of refraction prisms (31) selected to deviate the normally-incident light through different angles, and they are arranged, preferably in a non-ordered manner, so that successive reflection prisms are separated by at least one refraction prism. In alternative embodiments, the structured surface comprises a non-ordered arrangement of a plurality of reflection prisms selected to deviate normally-incident light through different angles, or a non-ordered arrangement of a plurality of refraction prisms selected to deviate normally-incident light through different angles.

Claims

1. An optical sheet suitable for spreading light, in which a first major surface of the sheet is a structured surface comprising an array of prisms such that, if the second major surface of the sheet is substantially smooth, a normally-incident beam of light that enters the sheet through the second major surface and leaves through the array of prisms will be spread by the latter;

wherein the array comprises;

(a) a plurality of reflection prisms selected to deviate the normally-incident light through different angles and a plurality of refraction prisms selected to deviate the normally-incident light through different angles, in which successive reflection prisms are separated by at least one refraction prism;

or

(b) a non-ordered arrangement of a plurality of reflection prisms selected to deviate the normally-incident light through different angles;

or

(c) a non-ordered arrangement of a plurality of refraction prisms selected to deviate the normally-incident light through different angles;

in which each refraction prism deviates the normally-incident light only by refraction at a prism facet as the light leaves the sheet through the first major surface and each reflection prism deviates the normally-incident light by total internal reflection within the prism before the light leaves the sheet through the first major surface.

2. An optical sheet as claimed in claim 1, in which the array comprises alternating reflection and refraction prisms.

3. An optical sheet as claimed in claim 1, in which the array comprises a non-ordered arrangement of alternating reflection and refraction prisms.

4. An optical sheet as claimed in claim 1, in which the second major surface of the sheet is substantially smooth.

5. An optical sheet suitable for spreading light, in which a first major surface of the sheet is a structured surface comprising an array of prisms and the second major surface of the sheet is substantially smooth, whereby a normally-incident beam of light that enters the sheet through the second major surface and leaves through the array of prisms will be spread by the latter;

wherein the array comprises;

a non-ordered arrangement of a plurality of reflection prisms selected to deviate the normally-incident light through different angles and a plurality of refraction prisms selected to deviate the normally-incident light through different angles, in which successive reflection prisms are separated by at least one refraction prism;

in which each refraction prism deviates the normally-incident light only by refraction at a prism facet as the light leaves the sheet through the first major surface and each reflection prism deviates the normally-incident light by total internal reflection within the prism before the light leaves the sheet through the first major surface.

6. An optical sheet as claimed in claim 5, in which the first major surface comprises a further identical array of prisms.

7. An optical sheet as claimed in claim 5, in which at least some of the prisms are triangular in cross-section.

8. An optical sheet as claimed in claim 5 in which at least some of the prisms have more than two facets wherein a first facet projects from the sheet at a first angle to the plane of the sheet and a second facet extends from the first facet outwardly with respect to the sheet at an angle to the plane of the sheet which is less than said first angle.

9. An optical sheet as claimed in claim 5, in which the width and/or depth of the prisms varies across the structured surface.

10. An optical sheet as claimed in claim 5, in which at least some of the prisms are asymmetrical.

11. An optical sheet as claimed in claim 10 in which the asymmetric prisms each have one facet that is approximately normal to the plane of the sheet.

12. An optical sheet as claimed in claim 5, in which the prisms extend linearly across the sheet.

13. An optical sheet as claimed in claim 5, in which the prisms extend in a curved path across the sheet.

14. A luminaire comprising an optical sheet as claimed in claim 5 in combination with at least one light source.

15. A luminaire as claimed in claim 14, in which the light source is positioned so that light from the source is directed through the sheet from the second major surface thereof.

16. A luminaire as claimed in claim 14, in which the light source is a light emitting diode or a laser diode or a fluorescent lamp or an incandescent lamp.

17. A luminaire comprising a plurality of spatially-compact light sources positioned within, and along the length of, an elongate housing to emit light through a window in the housing, wherein the window contains an optical sheet as claimed in claim 5 for spreading the light passing there through.