Rapid manufacturing system for metal, metal matrix composite materials and ceramics

• US 6,459,069 B1
• Filed: 09/29/2000
• Issued: 10/01/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 11/22/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Joshua E. Rabinovich
• Original Assignee: Joshua E. Rabinovich
• Inventors: Rabinovich, Joshua E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Heinrich, Samuel M.
• Application Number:
  US09/672,708
• Time in Patent Office: 732 Days
• Field of Search: 219/121.63, 219/121.64, 219/121.65, 219/121.66, 219/121.82
• US Class Current: 219/121.63
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/25 Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/32 of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/66 by mechanical means
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/226 for rotary motion
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/33 translatory in the deposition plane
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/44 characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/53 Nozzles
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/70 Gas flow means
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 3/005 Loading or unloading powder metal objects transport in general B65G
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 2101/02 Honeycomb structures
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 26/342 Build-up welding
• CPC Class Codes: B23P 15/04 turbine or like blades from several pieces
• CPC Class Codes: B23P 15/246 Laminated dies
• CPC Class Codes: B28B 1/00 Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material using presses B28B3/00; shaping on moving conveyors B28B5/00; producing tubular articles B28B21/00 ; producing articles with embedded elements B28B23/00
• CPC Class Codes: B28B 1/001 Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material selective deposition modelling of metallic powder B22F10/00; rapid manufacturing of 3D objects in general and in particular of plastics B29C64/00
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 2793/009 after shaping
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/141 using only solid materials
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2995/0073 smooth
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 10/00 Processes of additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 30/00 Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/00 : Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition porous ceramic products C04B38/00; ceramic articles characterised by particular shape, see the relevant classes, e.g. linings for casting ladles, tundishes, cups or the like B22D41/02; ceramic substrates for microelectronic semi-conductors H01L23/15; Ceramics compositions containing free metal bonded to carbides, diamond, oxides, borides, nitrides, silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides or sulfides other than as macroscopic reinforcing agents C22C; shaping of ceramics B28B; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products chemical preparation of powders of inorganic compounds C01; infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal C04B41/51
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 38/0006 : Honeycomb structures from one or more corrugated sheets by winding or stacking C04B38/0083
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/0036 : Laser treatment working by laser beam B23K26/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 10/25 : Process efficiency

Abstract

A product building system uses a stage movable in X-Y-Z directions for holding and moving a product. A fixed laser is focused on a spot on the products. Strips of materials are fed tangent to a forming direction from two sources on a rotating platform. The laser continuously or periodically welds and fuses a strip on the product. Relative motion bends the strip to the desired product shape. The laser cuts a strip and welds a new strip to form alternating layers. Side by side strips are butt-welded. Cores are formed differently from outer surfaces,using the continuous feeding, welding, fusing, bending, welding and fusing process. A mill on the rotating platform brings a mill end tool into contact with the layers to smooth lateral and upper surfaces.

Claims

1. A product building apparatus comprising a frame, a laser beam source mounted on the frame, a beam expander and a mirror mounted on the frame, and a feedstock delivery module support mounted on the frame, a rotary stage mounted on the feedstock delivery module support and a rotary arm mounted on the rotary stage, plural feedstocks feeder mounted on the rotary arm and a laser beam focusing lens mounted on the rotary arm, plural feedstock storing spools mounted on the rotary arm and plural flat wire feedstocks stored on the spools, a feedstock nozzle connected to the rotary arm for receiving feedstock from one of the spools and feeders and for extending feedstock from a tip of the nozzle, the tip of the nozzle being aligned with a laser beam projected from the laser source to the mirror and through the support, rotating arm and rotary stage and lens, a stage positioned beneath the nozzle for receiving feedstock in a predetermined pattern according to relative movement of the stage and the feedstock delivery module in an X-Y direction for receiving the feedstock extending from the nozzle tip and for fusing the feedstock to a substrate or to a previously fused layer of the feedstock for constructing a model by depositing and fusing successive layers of the feedstock.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the spool, the rotary stage and the lens are aligned on an axis of the laser beam.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the feedstock feeders comprises pinch rollers driven by stepper motors.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lens is mounted in a mount which is pivoted transverse to an axis of the laser beam, and further comprising a driver mounted on the rotary arm and connected to the lens mount for moving the lens mount along the pivot for traversing a laser beam spot across the feedstock for welding and cutting the feedstock.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an inert gas passageway for flooding an intersection of the feedstock and the laser beam with inert gas during fusing of the feedstock.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the laser source produces a linearly polarized beam, and wherein the mirror converts the linearly polarized beam to a circularly polarized beam, and wherein the circularly polarized beam passes through the lens to the feedstock which has just been released from the nozzle.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the nozzle has a feedstock passageway with a radius in a feedstock passageway of the nozzle for bending the feedstock in a radius to release the feedstock tangent with the substrate or previous fused layer of feedstock.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a computer having a multi axis controller for controlling the rectilinearly movable stage, the rotary stage and the feedstock feeder mechanism.

9. A product building apparatus, comprising a stage on which a product is built, a laser system for directing a laser beam on the product, an inert gas nozzle spaced from the stage for flooding with inert gas an impingement of the laser beam on the product, plural material storers spaced from the stage, a support spaced from the stage for supporting the gas nozzle, the material storers being positioned on the support, plural feeders mounted on the support and connected to the plural material storers for feeding the material to the product at an impingement of the laser beam on the product, a rotator connected to the support for rotating the material storers and feeds with respect to the product, and movers connected to the stage or to the support for relatively moving the stage or the support and laser system back and forth, side to side and up and down in X-Y-Z directions.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a mill drive mounted on the support and a mill tool connected to the mill drive for positioning the mill tool against the product being constructed or the feedstock being delivered and milling a surface of the product or feedstock.

11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the material storers comprising first and second or multiple storage spools, and the first and second or multiple materials comprise first and second or multiple ribbons of material stored on the storage spools.

12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the laser system further comprises a laser head, a beam expander and a phase shift mirror for producing a laser beam, expanding the laser beam and redirecting the laser beam on the product.

13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the support comprises a fixed platform, a movable platform connected to the fixed platform for moving with respect to the fixed platform, and a drive connected between the fixed platform and the movable platform for moving the movable platform with respect to the fixed platform.

14. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a lens connected to the support for focusing the laser beam onto the product being built.

15. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the material is a flat green ceramic fiber feedstock continuously fused, sintered and densified while the geometry of the part is being constructed, the shrinkage of the green feedstock being compensated by the controlled feed mechanism which allows the production of fully dense complex ceramic components with increased final part accuracy.

16. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein single multiple materials of metal and non metal are used.

17. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the product is built from adjacent strips of distinct materials butt-welded in the same layer from the same or complementary feeders.

18. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the product is built with laterally shifted layers and resulting stair steps are ground for smooth transition.

19. A product building apparatus comprising a frame, a laser beam source mounted on the frame, a beam expander and a mirror mounted on the frame, and a feedstock delivery module mounted on the frame, a rotary stage mounted on the feedstock delivery module support and a rotary arm mounted on the rotary stage, plural feedstocks feeder mounted on the rotary arm and a laser beam focusing lens mounted on the rotary arm, plural feedstock storing spools mounted on the rotary arm and plural flat wire feedstocks stored on the spools, a feedstock nozzle connected to the rotary arm for receiving feedstock from one of the spool and feeder and for extending feedstock from a tip of the nozzle, the tip of the nozzle being aligned with a laser beam projected from the laser source to the mirror through the support, rotating arm and rotary stage and lens, a stage positioned beneath the nozzle for receiving feedstock in a predetermined pattern according to relative movement of the stage and the feedstock delivery module in a X-Y direction for receiving the feedstock extending from the nozzle tip and for fusing the feedstock to a substrate or to a previously fused layer of the feedstock for constructing a model by depositing and fusing successive layers of the feedstock.