Gate protection clamping circuits and techniques with controlled output discharge current

• US 6,459,321 B1
• Filed: 06/28/2001
• Issued: 10/01/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 06/28/2001
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Analog Devices International Unlimited Company (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Linear Technology Corporation (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Inventors: Belch, Mark A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Zweizig, Jeffrey
• Application Number:
  US09/892,652
• Time in Patent Office: 460 Days
• Field of Search: 327/108, 327/111, 327/309, 327/310, 327/311, 327/312, 327/313, 327/314, 327/320, 327/323, 327/324, 327/325, 327/326, 327/327, 327/328, 327/365, 327/419, 327/427, 327/481, 327/578
• US Class Current: 327/323
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/08122 in field-effect transistor switches
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/0822 in field-effect transistor switches
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2017/0806 against excessive temperature
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2217/0063 High side switches, i.e. the higher potential [DC] or life wire [AC] being directly connected to the switch and not via the load

Abstract

Gate protection clamping circuits and techniques with controlled output discharge current are provided. Circuits and methods according to the invention are implemented to relatively rapidly disengage single or multiple loads from a power supply without creating thermal overload. This is accomplished by first rapidly shutting OFF the power device coupling the power source to the load, and then further discharging the output capacitance with a substantially smaller, preferably regulated, current. Additional external devices may be added if faster discharge of the output capacitance is desired.

Claims

1. A method of clamping the gate to source voltage of a FET during discharge of the FET in order to prevent oxide breakdown, the FET having a gate coupled to an output capacitor, the gate to source capacitance of the FET and the capacitance of the output capacitor forming an output capacitance, the method comprising:

discharging the FET using a drive current until the FET is OFF;

when the FET is OFF, providing a feedback signal to reduce the drive current by at least an order of magnitude;

when the drive current is reduced, discharging the output capacitance using the drive current wherein the gate to source voltage of the FET is clamped at a pre-determined value.

2. The method of claim 1, the discharging the output capacitance comprising using the reduced drive current at a magnitude that is at least one order of magnitude less than the magnitude of the drive current used to discharge the FET.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising using a portion of the drive current to reduce the drive current.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising fixing a minimum gate-source voltage of the FET at a pre-determined value.

5. The method of claim 1, after the drive current has been reduced, augmenting the drive current by providing an additional discharge current to further discharge the output capacitance, the additional discharge current being activated by the drive current.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising augmenting the reduced drive current by using a Darlington transistor pair.

7. A method of controlling the discharge current of an output capacitance, the output capacitance including a FET gate capacitance in a FET and a second capacitance, the method comprising:

discharging the FET gate capacitance using a drive current in order to shut OFF the FET and maintain the FET in an OFF state;

when the FET is OFF, providing a feedback signal based on a FET gate to source voltage, the feedback signal indicating that the FET is OFF;

reducing the drive current based on the feedback signal to provide a reduced drive current; and

discharging the second capacitance using the reduced drive current.

8. The method of claim 7, the discharging the second capacitance comprising using the reduced drive current at a magnitude that is at least one order of magnitude less than the magnitude of the drive current.

9. The method of claim 7, further comprising activating the reduced drive current using the drive current.

10. The method of claim 7, further comprising fixing a minimum gate-source voltage of the FET at a pre-determined value.

11. The method of claim 7, further comprising augmenting the reduced drive current by providing an additional discharge current to further discharge the second capacitance, the additional discharge current being activated by the drive current.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising augmenting the reduced drive current by using a Darlington transistor pair.

13. An integrated circuit for discharging an output capacitance, the output capacitance including a FET gate capacitance of a FET and a distributed board capacitance that is coupled to the FET source, the circuit comprising:

a controllable current source that produces a drive current, the drive current that is adapted to partially discharge the output capacitance and to shut the FET OFF;

a clamp circuit that produces a feedback signal during at least a portion of a time that the FET is OFF;

the feedback signal which reduces the drive current and, at least partially, regulates the drive current; and

wherein the gate to source voltage of the FET is maintained above a pre-determined minimum value.

14. The circuit of claim 13, further comprising a current mirror that mirrors the reduced drive current to create a mirrored current that at least partially regulate the operation of the controllable current source.

15. The circuit of claim 13, when the reduced drive current is flowing, further comprising a fixed minimum potential difference between the gate and the source of the FET.

16. The circuit of claim 13, further comprising an additional current that further discharges the output capacitance and that is activated by the reduced drive current.

17. The circuit of claim 16, further comprising a discrete transistor, the discrete transistor for producing the additional drive current.

18. The circuit of claim 16, further comprising a Darlington transistor pair, the Darlington transistor pair for producing the additional drive current.

19. The circuit of claim 13, wherein the controllable current source is activated by a fault signal.