System and method for providing near optimal bit loading in a discrete multi-tone modulation system

• US 6,459,678 B1
• Filed: 12/01/1998
• Issued: 10/01/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 12/05/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Synaptics Incorporated
• Original Assignee: GlobeSpan Semiconductor, Inc. (Synaptics Incorporated)
• Inventors: Herzberg, Hanan
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen, Chau
• Assistant Examiner(s): DUONG, DUC T
• Application Number:
  US09/203,029
• Time in Patent Office: 1,400 Days
• Field of Search: 370/203, 370/211, 370/210, 370/252, 370/484, 370/487, 375/232, 375/233, 375/234, 375/235, 375/346, 375/222, 375/227, 375/260
• US Class Current: 370/203
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0044 allocation of payload
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/023 Multiplexing of multicarrier modulation signals multicarrier modulation H04L27/2601

Abstract

A communication system is disclosed in which information is transmitted using DMT modulation. The communication system includes first logic that is used to measure the response of each of the DMT subchannels and second logic that is used to adapt an equalizer filter associated with each of the DMT channels based on the response measurements. The system further includes third logic that measures the noise variance for each of the DMT subchannels. Using the noise variance measurements, fourth logic is used to assign the number of bits for transmission on each DMT subchannel such that total transmit power is minimized for a fixed data rate. Equations are provided for calculating a near optimal bit load allocation for the DMT subchannels and for calculating the total number of bits to be allocated to the DMT subchannels in a single encoding interval when total transmission power is limited.

Claims

1. A communication system using discrete multi-tone (DMT) modulation, comprising:

a processor;

a storage medium in communication with said processor;

said storage medium having program code for allocating bits to be transmitted on a plurality of DMT subchannels, said program code comprising;

first logic configured to measure a response for each said DMT subchannel;

second logic configured to adapt an equalizer filter based on said response measured for each said DMT subchannel;

third logic configured to measure a noise variance for each said DMT subchannel; and

fourth logic configured to allocate bits for transmission on each said DMT subchannel based on the noise variance measured for each said subchannel such that total transmit power is minimized for a fixed data rate.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein said fourth logic uses an expression $b_i=\frac{b_T}{N}+\frac{1}{N}$

∑

j=1N

log2

σ

j2-log2

σ

i2,

in calculating the number of bits, b_i, to be allocated on an ith DMT subchannel, wherein N is a total number of DMT subchannels, b_T is a total number of bits to be allocated, and σ

_i is said noise variance for said ith DMT subchannel.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein said program code further comprises:

fifth logic configured to exclude from said total number of DMT subchannels each said DMT subchannel having a calculated b_i that is negative.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein said program code further comprises:

fifth logic configured to quantize a number of bits, b_i, to be allocated on the ith DMT subchannel.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein said fifth logic uses an expression $b_{Q_i}=\{\begin{array}{cc}{b}_{\max },& b_i\ge \end{array}$

bmax-0.5INT

(bi+0.5),bmin-0.5≤

bi<

bmax-0.50,bi<

bmin-0.5

in quantizing b_i, wherein b_Qi is a quantized value for b_i, INT(x) is an integer value of x, b_max is a maximum number of bits permitted per subchannel, and b_min is a minimum number of bits per symbol.

6. A communication system using discrete multi-tone (DMT) modulation, comprising:

a processor;

a storage medium in communication with said processor

said storage medium having program code for allocating bits to be transmitted on a plurality of DMT subchannels, said program code comprising;

first logic configured to measure a response for each said DMT subchannel;

second logic configured to adapt an equalizer filter based on said response measured for each said DMT subchannel;

third logic configured to measure a noise variance for each said DMT subchannel;

fourth logic configured to determine a total number of bits to be allocated, b_T, on said DMT subchannels based on a desired probability of error for each said subchannel such that a data rate is maximized for a fixed transmit power level; and

fifth logic configured to allocate bits for transmission on each said DMT subchannel based on the noise variance measured for each said subchannel.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein said fourth logic uses an expression $b_T=N$

 



log

 



3

STγ



 



N-∑

i=1N

log

 



σ

i2

in calculating b_T, wherein $\mathrm{\gamma <br><br>}=\frac{d_i^2}{2<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>{\mathrm{\sigma <br><br>}}_i^2},<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}$

d_i is a minimum Euclidean distance among a constellation of symbols transmitted on the ith DMT subchannel, N is a total number of DMT subchannels, and σ

_i is said noise variance for said ith DMT subchannel.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein said fifth logic uses an expression $b_i=\frac{b_T}{N}+\frac{1}{N}$

∑

j=1N

log2

σ

j2-log2

σ

i2,

in calculating the number of bits, b_i, to be allocated on an ith DMT subchannel.

9. A method for allocating bits to individual subchannels in a discrete multi-tone (DMT) modulation system, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) measuring a response for each of the DMT subchannels;

(b) adapting an equalizer filter based on said response measured for each said DMT subchannel;

(c) measuring a noise variance for each of the DMT subchannels, and

(d) allocating bits to be transmitted on each of the DMT subchannels based on the noise variance measured for each said subchannel such that total transmit power is minimized for a fixed data rate.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein step (d) comprises the step of:

calculating a number of bits, b_i, to be allocated on the ith DMT subchannel from a total number of bits to be allocated, b_T, using an expression $b_i=\frac{b_T}{N}+\frac{1}{N}<br><br>\underset{j=1}{\overset{N}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>{\log }_2<br><br>{\mathrm{\sigma <br><br>}}_j^2-{\log }_2<br><br>{\mathrm{\sigma <br><br>}}_i^2,$

wherein N is a total number of DMT subchannels and σ

_i is said noise variance for said ith DMT subchannel.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising the steps of:

(e) excluding the DMT subchannels having a calculated b_i that is negative from the total number of DMT subchannels, N, to determine a new total number of DMT subchannels, N′

; and

(f) repeating step (d) wherein N′

is substituted for N.

12. The method of claim 9, further comprising the step of:

(e) quantizing a number of bits, b_i, to be allocated on the ith DMT subchannel.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein step (e) comprises the step of:

calculating a quantized value b_Qi for b_i, said value b_Qi being calculated using an expression $b_{Q_i}=\{\begin{array}{cc}{b}_{\max ,}& b_i\ge <br><br>b_{\max }-0.5\\ \mathrm{INT}<br><br>\left(b_i+0.5\right),& b_{\min }-0.5\le <br><br>b_i<<br><br>b_{\max }-0.5\\ 0,& b_i<<br><br>b_{\min }-0.5\end{array}$

wherein INT(x) is an integer value of x, b_max is a maximum number bits permitted per subchannel, and b_min is a minimum number of bits per symbol.

14. A method for allocating bits to individual subchannels in a discrete multi-tone (DMT) modulation system, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) measuring a response for each of the DMT subchannels;

(b) adapting an equalizer filter based on said response measured for each said DMT subchannel;

(c) measuring a noise variance for each of the DMT subchannels;

(d) determining a total number of bits to be allocated, b_T, on said DMT subchannels based on a desired probability of error for each said subchannel such that a data rate is maximized for a fixed transmit power level; and

(e) allocating bits for transmission on each said DMT subchannel based on the noise variance measured for each said subchannel.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein step (d) comprises the step of:

calculating the total number of bits to be allocated, b_T, using an expression $b_T=N<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>{\log }_2<br><br>\frac{3<br><br>S_T}{\mathrm{\gamma <br><br>}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>N}-\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>{\log }_2<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>{\mathrm{\sigma <br><br>}}_i^2,$

wherein $\mathrm{\gamma <br><br>}=\frac{d_i^2}{2<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>{\mathrm{\sigma <br><br>}}_i^2}$

and d_i is a minimum Euclidean distance among a constellation of symbols transmitted on the ith DMT subchannel, N is a total number of DMT subchannels, and σ

_i is said noise variance for said ith DMT subchannel.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein step (e) comprises the step of:

calculating a number of bits, b_i, to be allocated on the ith DMT subchannel from a total number of bits to be allocated, b_T, using an expression $b_i=\frac{b_T}{N}+\frac{1}{N}<br><br>\underset{j=1}{\overset{N}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>{\log }_2<br><br>{\mathrm{\sigma <br><br>}}_j^2-{\log }_2<br><br>{\mathrm{\sigma <br><br>}}_i^2,$

wherein N is a total number of DMT subchannels and σ

_i is said noise variance for said ith DMT subchannel.

17. A computer readable medium having a program for allocating bits among a plurality of subchannels in a discrete multi-tone (DMT) modulation system, said program comprising:

logic configured to measure a response for each of the DMT subchannels;

logic configured to adapt an equalizer filter based on said response measured for each said DMT subchannel;

logic configured to measure a noise variance for each of the DMT subchannels; and

logic configured to allocate bits to be transmitted on each of the DMT subchannels based on the noise variance measured for each said subchannel such that total transmit power is minimized for a fixed data rate.

18. The medium of claim 17, wherein said logic configured to allocate comprises:

logic configured to calculate a number of bits, b_i, to be allocated on the ith DMT subchannel from a total number of bits to be allocated, b_T, using an expression $b_i=\frac{b_T}{N}+\frac{1}{N}<br><br>\underset{j=1}{\overset{N}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>{\log }_2<br><br>{\mathrm{\sigma <br><br>}}_j^2-{\log }_2<br><br>{\mathrm{\sigma <br><br>}}_i^2,$

wherein N is a total number of DMT subchannels and σ

_i is said noise variance for said ith DMT subchannel.

19. A computer readable medium having a program for allocating bits among a plurality of subchannels in a discrete multi-tone (DMT) modulation system, said program comprising:

logic configured to measure a response for each of the DMT subchannels;

logic configured to adapt an equalizer filter based on said response measured for each said DMT subchannel;

logic configured to measure a noise variance for each of the DMT subchannels,

logic configured to determine a total number of bits to be allocated, b_T, on said DMT subchannels based on a desired probability of error for each said subchannel such that a data rate is maximized for a fixed transmit power level; and

logic configured to allocate bits for transmission on each said DMT subchannel based on the noise variance measured for each said subchannel.

20. The medium of claim 19, wherein said logic configured to determine comprises:

logic configured to calculate the total number of bits to be allocated, b_T, using an expression $b_T=N<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>{\log }_2<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\frac{3<br><br>S_T}{\mathrm{\gamma <br><br>}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>N}-\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>{\log }_2<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>{\mathrm{\sigma <br><br>}}_i^2,$

wherein $\mathrm{\gamma <br><br>}=\frac{d_i^2}{2<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>{\mathrm{\sigma <br><br>}}_i^2}$

and d_i is a minimum Euclidean distance among a constellation of symbols transmitted on the ith DMT subchannel, N is a total number of DMT subchannels, and σ

_i is said noise variance for said ith DMT subchannel.