High efficiency, low voltage to high voltage power converter

• US 6,466,460 B1
• Filed: 08/24/2001
• Issued: 10/15/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 08/24/2001
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Northrop Grumman Corporation
• Original Assignee: Northrop Grumman Corporation
• Inventors: Perkins, Jeffrey C., Rein, John M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Vu, Bao Q.
• Application Number:
  US09/939,102
• Time in Patent Office: 417 Days
• Field of Search: 363/21.02, 363/21.03, 363/21.04, 363/56.1, 363/56.09, 363/97
• US Class Current: 363/21.02
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0048 Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses using snubbers H02M1/34
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33507 with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters H02M3/33561, H02M3/33569 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A high efficiency power converter for generating a high voltage from a low voltage supply. The power converter includes a resonant circuit in electrical communication with the low voltage supply via a switch. The power converter further includes a control circuit in electrical communication with the switch and a resonant inductor of the resonant circuit. The control circuit is operative to open and close the switch in response to the current flowing through the resonant inductor. A transformer is connected parallel to the resonant inductor and is operative to generate the high output voltage from the voltage of the resonant inductor. In the preferred embodiment, the switch is closed at the point in time when the current in the resonant inductor passes zero. At this time, switching conditions within the switch are ideal such that any losses experienced by the switch are conduction losses thereby resulting in improved efficiency of the power converter.

Claims

1. A high efficiency power converter for generating a high voltage from a low voltage supply, the power converter comprising:

a switch in electrical communication with the low voltage supply, the switch having a conduction period;

a resonant capacitor in electrical communication with the switch;

a resonant inductor in electrical communication with the resonant capacitor, the resonant capacitor and the resonant inductor forming a resonant circuit;

a transformer in electrical communication with the resonant inductor, wherein the primary winding of the transformer is placed in parallel relation to the resonant inductor, the transformer operative to generate the high voltage supply;

a current sense circuit in electrical communication with the resonant inductor, the current sense circuit operative to determine the flow of current in the resonant inductor; and

a control circuit in electrical communication with the switch and the current sense circuit, the control circuit being configured to control the conduction period of the switch in response to the current flowing through the resonant inductor.

2. The power converter of claim 1 further comprising a power supply inductor in electrical communication with the switch and the low voltage supply, the power supply inductor being operative to provide constant current to the switch.

3. The power converter of claim 1 wherein the switch is configured to be closed when the current in the resonant inductor is about zero.

4. The power converter of claim 3 wherein the transformer has a transformer output and the control circuit is in electrical communication with the output of the transformer such that the control circuit is configured to open the switch in response to the output voltage.

5. The power converter of claim 4 further comprising a rectification and filtering circuit in electrical communication wit the output of the transformer, the rectification and filtering circuit operative to provide a DC voltage.

6. The power converter of claim 5 further comprising a shunt capacitor in electrical communication with the switch.

7. The power converter of claim 6 wherein the converter is configured to operate from a supply voltage of 28 volts.

8. The power converter of claim 7 wherein the transformer is operative to supply an output voltage to a traveling wave tube.

9. The power converter of claim 1 wherein the resonant inductor and the resonant capacitor are connected in series.

10. The power converter of claim 9 wherein the shunt capacitor is connected in parallel to the switch.

25. The high efficiency power converter of claim 1 wherein the frequency of the voltage signal applied to the transformer is defined by the resonant circuit.

26. The high efficiency power converter of claim 1 wherein the current through the resonant circuit is used to regulate the operation of the switch.

27. The high efficiency power converter of claim 1 wherein the switch input signal is independent of the frequency of the signal of the resonant circuit.

28. The high efficiency power converter of claim 1 wherein the voltage frequency applied to the primary winding of said transformer is responsive to the inductance and capacitance values of the resonant circuit components.

11. A method of generating an output voltage with a power converter having a transformer, a resonant inductor connected in parallel to the transformer, and a switch having a conduction period and in electrical communication with the inductor and the transformer, the method comprising the steps:

a) supplying an input voltage to the inductor and the transformer;

b) sensing the current through the inductor;

c) closing the switch in response to the current in the inductor; and

d) opening the switch in response to the output voltage of the transformer in order to generate an output voltage higher than the input voltage.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein steps (c) and (d) are repeated continuously to generate the output voltage.

13. The method of claim 12 further comprising the step:

e) rectifying and filtering the output voltage in order to generate a DC output voltage.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the power converter further includes a current sense circuit in electrical communication with the inductor and step (b) comprises determining the amount of current flowing through the inductor with the current sense circuit.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein the power converter further includes a control circuit in electrical communication with the switch, the output voltage and the current sense circuit and steps (c) and (d) comprise opening and closing the switch with the control circuit in response to the current flowing through the inductor and the output voltage.

16. The method of claim 11 wherein step (c) comprises closing the switch when the current in the inductor is about zero.

17. The method of claim 11 wherein step (d) comprises comparing the output voltage to a reference voltage and opening the switch in response to the difference between the output voltage and the reference voltage.

18. A high efficiency power converter operative to generate a high voltage output from a low voltage input, the power converter comprising:

a switch in electrical communication with the low voltage input;

a resonant circuit having a resonant inductor, said resonant circuit in electrical communication with the switch;

a control circuit in electrical communication with the switch and the resonant circuit, the control circuit being operative to open and close the switch in response to the current in the resonant circuit; and

a transformer in electrical communication with the resonant circuit wherein said transformer is placed in parallel relation to said resonant inductor, the transformer being operative to generate the high voltage output from the voltage of the resonant circuit.

19. The power converter of claim 18 wherein the resonant inductor in electrical communication with the control circuit such that the control circuit opens and closes the switch in response to the current of the resonant inductor.

20. The power converter of the claim 19 further comprising a current sense circuit in electrical communication with the resonant inductor and operative to determine the current in the resonant inductor.

21. The power converter of claim 20 wherein the control circuit is configured to close the switch when the current in the resonant inductor is about zero.

22. The power converter of claim 21 wherein the control circuit is in electrical communication with the high voltage output and the control circuit is in configured to open the switch in response to the output voltage.

23. The power converter of claim 22 wherein the control circuit is configured to open the switch when the difference between the output voltage and a reference voltage exceeds a prescribed value.

24. The power converter of claim 23 wherein the resonant circuit comprises a resonant capacitor connected in series to the resonant inductor.

29. The high efficiency power converter of claim 18 wherein the frequency of the voltage signal applied to the transformer is defined by the resonant circuit.

30. The high efficiency power converter of claim 18 wherein the current through the resonant circuit is used to regulate the operation of the switch.

31. The high efficiency power converter of claim 18 wherein the switch input signal is independent of the frequency of the signal of the resonant circuit.

32. The high efficiency power converter of claim 18 wherein the voltage frequency applied to the primary winding of said transformer is responsive to the inductance and capacitance values of the resonant circuit components.