Apparatus and methods for time-resolved spectroscopic measurements
First Claim
Patent Images
1. A method for measuring the temporal response properties of a luminescent sample, comprising:
- outputting a light beam from a light source, the light beam having a relatively constant intensity;
modulating the light beam to create a modulated incident light, the modulated incident light having a maximum intensity that is substantially equal to the intensity of the light beam from the light source and a minimum intensity that is less than one-quarter of the maximum intensity;
illuminating the sample with the modulated incident light, where the modulated incident light generates a modulated luminescence in the sample;
measuring at least one of an amplitude and a phase of the modulated luminescence relative to the modulated incident light; and
computing a temporal response characteristic of the sample based on the measured amplitude and/or phase.
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Abstract
Apparatus and methods for measuring light transmitted from a sample. The apparatus may include a stage, a light source, and a detector. The stage may be configured to hold a microplate having a plurality of sample wells. The apparatus may be configured to take frequency-domain time-resolved measurements of one or more of luminescence lifetimes and reorientational correlation times of a luminescent analyte in the sample.
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Citations
106 Claims
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1. A method for measuring the temporal response properties of a luminescent sample, comprising:
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outputting a light beam from a light source, the light beam having a relatively constant intensity;
modulating the light beam to create a modulated incident light, the modulated incident light having a maximum intensity that is substantially equal to the intensity of the light beam from the light source and a minimum intensity that is less than one-quarter of the maximum intensity;
illuminating the sample with the modulated incident light, where the modulated incident light generates a modulated luminescence in the sample;
measuring at least one of an amplitude and a phase of the modulated luminescence relative to the modulated incident light; and
computing a temporal response characteristic of the sample based on the measured amplitude and/or phase. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)
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17. An automated apparatus for conducting time-resolved spectroscopy, comprising:
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a light source;
a system for directing light from the light source to a measurement region, the system including a light modulator configured to periodically modulate the intensity of light delivered to the measurement region;
a stage configured to hold a plate containing a plurality of sample wells adapted to hold samples, the stage further being configured to place a selected one of the samples in the sample wells into the measurement region;
a detector configured to receive luminescence light from a sample in the measurement region and generate a signal based on the amount of light received; and
a signal processing system configured to track at least one of the phase and modulation of the signal relative to the phase and modulation of the modulated light delivered to the measurement region. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29)
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30. A method for performing a time-resolved spectroscopic assay, comprising:
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providing a light source with a broad spectrum output;
extracting a substantially monochromatic component from the output of the light source;
passing the monochromatic component through a chopper to create a periodically modulated incident light with a fundamental frequency;
choosing a chopper duty cycle that produces a harmonic comparable to a selected time constant of the sample;
generating luminescence in a sample by illuminating the sample with the modulated incident light; and
detecting at least one of the phase and modulation of the luminescence relative to the modulated incident light. - View Dependent Claims (31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43)
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44. A method for performing a time-resolved spectroscopic assay, comprising:
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providing a light source with a broad spectrum output;
extracting a substantially monochromatic component from the output of the light source;
passing the monochromatic component through a chopper to create a periodically modulated incident light with a fundamental frequency;
generating luminescence in a sample by illuminating the sample with the modulated incident light;
monitoring output intensity variations of the light source;
correcting the measured amplitude of the modulated luminescence to compensate for intensity variations in the light source; and
detecting at least one of the phase and modulation of the luminescence relative to the modulated incident light. - View Dependent Claims (45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55)
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56. A method for performing a time-resolved spectroscopic assay, comprising:
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providing a light source with a broad spectrum output;
extracting a substantially monochromatic component from the output of the light source;
passing the monochromatic component through a chopper to create a periodically modulated incident light with a fundamental frequency, wherein the modulation of the incident light has the general form of the square wave;
generating luminescence in a sample by illuminating the sample with the modulated incident light; and
detecting at least one of the phase and modulation of the luminescence relative to the modulated incident light. - View Dependent Claims (57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66)
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67. A method for performing a time-resolved spectroscopic assay, comprising:
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providing a light source with a broad spectrum output;
extracting a substantially monochromatic component from the output of the light source;
passing the monochromatic component through a chopper to create a periodically modulated incident light with a fundamental frequency;
generating luminescence in a sample by illuminating the sample with the modulated incident light; and
detecting at least one of the phase and modulation of the luminescence relative to the modulated incident light, wherein the step of detecting includes detecting the phase and/or modulation of the luminescence relative to the modulated incident light at a harmonic of the fundamental frequency. - View Dependent Claims (68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76)
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77. A method for performing a time-resolved spectroscopic assay, comprising:
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providing a light source with a broad spectrum output;
extracting a substantially monochromatic component from the output of the light source;
focusing the monochromatic component into a focal plane adjacent a chopper;
passing the monochromatic component through a chopper to create a periodically modulated incident light with a fundamental frequency;
generating luminescence in a sample by illuminating the sample with the modulated incident light; and
detecting at least one of the phase and modulation of the luminescence relative to the modulated incident light. - View Dependent Claims (78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85)
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86. A method for performing a time-resolved spectroscopic assay, comprising:
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providing a light source with a broad spectrum output;
extracting a substantially monochromatic component from the output of the light source;
passing the monochromatic component through a chopper to create a periodically modulated incident light with a fundamental frequency;
generating luminescence in a sample by illuminating the sample with the modulated incident light; and
detecting at least one of the phase and modulation of the luminescence relative to the modulated incident light. - View Dependent Claims (87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93)
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94. A method for performing a time-resolved spectroscopic assay, comprising:
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providing a light source with a broad spectrum output;
extracting a substantially monochromatic component from the output of the light source;
passing the monochromatic component through a chopper to create a periodically modulated incident light with a fundamental frequency, wherein the chopper is selected from the group consisting of chopper wheels and tuning fork choppers;
generating luminescence in a sample by illuminating the sample with the modulated incident light; and
detecting at least one of the phase and modulation of the luminescence relative to the modulated incident light. - View Dependent Claims (95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 106)
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101. A method for performing a time-resolved spectroscopic assay, comprising:
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providing a light source with a broad spectrum output;
extracting a substantially monochromatic component from the output of the light source;
passing the monochromatic component through a chopper to create a periodically modulated incident light with a fundamental frequency;
generating luminescence in a sample by illuminating the sample with the modulated incident light; and
detecting at least one of the phase and modulation of the luminescence relative to the modulated incident light. - View Dependent Claims (102, 103, 104, 105)
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Specification