Sensor controlled analysis and therapeutic delivery system
First Claim
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1. In an electronic control system for electro-osmotic withdrawal of fluid samples from a biological subject, the combination comprising:
- means for conveying a sample withdrawing electrical current to the skin of a biological subject;
means for varying the time period over which said electrical current is supplied to the biological subject in accordance with the desired sample size to be extracted from the biological subject; and
means for terminating said electrical current applied to the biological subject when said electrical current-time product equals the desired total withdrawal sample size.
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Abstract
A method and apparatus for non-invasively withdrawing and accurately evaluating analytes quickly, painlessly and reliably from a biological subject automatically and controlling subsequent administration of therapeutic agents in response to such analyte sample analysis. Improvements are provided in electro-osmotic sample withdrawal, dosimetry and iontophoretic delivery subsystems, biosensors electrode construction and arrangement, intervenors, mediators, bolus delivery, and related subsystems.
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Citations
42 Claims
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1. In an electronic control system for electro-osmotic withdrawal of fluid samples from a biological subject, the combination comprising:
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means for conveying a sample withdrawing electrical current to the skin of a biological subject;
means for varying the time period over which said electrical current is supplied to the biological subject in accordance with the desired sample size to be extracted from the biological subject; and
means for terminating said electrical current applied to the biological subject when said electrical current-time product equals the desired total withdrawal sample size. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 22, 23, 24)
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9. An electronic process for controlling electro-osmotic withdrawal of fluid samples by electrical current applied over time to a biological subject, comprising the steps of:
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establishing a total sample size to be withdrawn, in the form of an electrical current-time product, from the biological subject; and
automatically varying the time period over which said electrical current is applied by accumulating the electrical current-time product until termination at the selected withdrawal sample volume. - View Dependent Claims (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 40)
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18. In an electronic control system for electro-osmotic withdrawal of fluid samples from a biological subject, the combination comprising:
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means for applying a predetermined electrical current to a biological subject over time;
sample volume determining means for establishing the magnitude of the desired total sample volume to be withdrawn from the biological subject, in terms of electrical current-time product;
means for sensing the magnitude of said electrical current and for converting said magnitude to an electrical signal;
means for measuring said electrical signal over time as an indication of the actual electrical current-time product;
means for comparing said actual electrical current-time product with said desired total sample volume to be withdrawn; and
means for terminating said electrical current when said electrical current-time product equals said desired total sample volume to be withdrawn as established by said determining means. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20, 21)
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25. In an electronic control system for electro-osmotic withdrawal of fluid samples from a biological subject, the combination comprising:
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means for conveying a sample withdrawing electrical current to the skin of a biological subject;
means for determining the magnitude of said electrical current;
means for controlling the time period over which said electrical current is supplied to the biological subject;
control means for automatically determining the sample size to be extracted from the biological subject;
means for electrically measuring the actual sample quantity withdrawn from the biological subject as a function of said electrical current and time; and
means for terminating said electrical current applied to the biological subject when said electrical current-time product equals the desired total withdrawal sample size as established by said control means. - View Dependent Claims (26, 27, 28, 29, 30)
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31. An electronic process for controlling electro-osmotic withdrawal of fluid samples by electrical current applied over time to a biological subject, comprising the steps of:
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selecting a total sample size to be withdrawn, in the form of an electrical current-time product, from the biological subject;
determining the magnitude of said electrical current;
measuring said electrical current applied to the biological subject and automatically varying the time period over which said electrical current is applied by accumulating the electrical current-time product until termination at the selected withdrawal sample volume. - View Dependent Claims (32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39)
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41. In an electronic control system for electro-osmotic withdrawal of fluid samples from a biological subject, the combination comprising:
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means for applying a predetermined electrical current to a biological subject over time;
sample volume determining means for establishing the magnitude of the desired total sample volume to be withdrawn from the biological subject, in terms of electrical current-time product;
means for sensing the magnitude of said electrical current and for converting said magnitude to an electrical signal;
oscillator means responsive to said electrical signal for varying the frequency of oscillation as a function of said magnitude of said electrical current;
means for measuring and accumulating the electrical output of said oscillator over time as an indication of the actual electrical current-time product;
means for comparing said actual electrical current-time product with said desired total sample volume to be withdrawn; and
means for terminating said electrical current when said electrical current-time product equals said desired total sample volume to be withdrawn as established by said determining means. - View Dependent Claims (42)
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Specification