Rechargeable battery measurement and calibration system and method

• US 6,486,636 B1
• Filed: 04/19/2002
• Issued: 11/26/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 04/19/2002
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Analog Devices, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Analog Devices, Inc.
• Inventors: Austin, Steven E., Stolitzka, Dale F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tso, Edward H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): LUK, LAWRENCE W
• Application Number:
  US10/126,070
• Time in Patent Office: 221 Days
• Field of Search: 320/134, 320/128, 320/162, 320/163, 320/164, 324/426, 340/636
• US Class Current: 320/134
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/263 Arrangements for using multiple switchable power supplies, e.g. battery and AC G06F1/30 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0048 Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]

Abstract

A rechargeable battery measurement and calibration system for use with a removable battery pack suitably used to power a mobile computer locates current measurement and battery status intelligence outside of the battery pack, thereby reducing the cost, complexity, and power consumption of the battery pack when compared with prior art systems. A system host controls the measurement and calibration of the battery system; the host requests current measurements under both zero-current and non-zero calibration current conditions, with the resulting calibration values enabling linearity errors that might otherwise be present in the current measurements to be totally and easily identified and accounted for in a fuel gauge measurement. The present system complies with the SBS-IF specification for Smart Battery systems.

Claims

1. A rechargeable battery measurement system, comprising:

a power source which provides a DC supply voltage,

a battery charging circuit which is switchably powered by said DC supply voltage and which, when powered, provides a charging current suitable for charging a rechargeable battery which is part of a battery pack,

a current sensing element external to said battery pack and connected to carry current provided to and drawn from said battery pack,

a current measurement circuit connected to said current sensing element and arranged to produce an output which varies with said sensed current, said current measurement circuit connected such that it is powered by current which does not pass through said current sensing element when said charging circuit is providing charging current to said battery pack, and

a system host, said measurement system arranged such that said system host is powered by said DC supply voltage when present and by said battery pack otherwise, said system host connected to receive said current measurement circuit output and programmed to calculate battery status information for presentation to a user based on said current measurements.

2. The measurement system of claim 1, wherein said power source is an AC/DC converter.

3. The measurement system of claim 1, further comprising a battery pack which produces a battery voltage between positive and negative terminals which are connected to said measurement system, said battery pack comprising:

a rechargeable battery, and

interface circuitry for interfacing said battery to said measurement system.

4. The measurement system of claim 3, wherein said measurement system and said battery pack comprise a mobile computer battery system.

5. The measurement system of claim 4, wherein said measurement system and said battery pack comply with the specifications of the Smart Battery System Implementers Forum (SBS-IF).

6. The measurement system of claim 5, further comprising an SMBus physical layer which interconnects said system host with said battery charging circuit, said battery pack, and said current measurement circuit.

7. The measurement system of claim 1, wherein said current sensing element is a resistor.

8. The measurement system of claim 1, further comprising a switch connected between said power source, said battery charging circuit, and said current sensing element, said measurement system arranged to control said switch such that, when said DC supply voltage is present, said battery charging circuit and said system host are powered by said DC supply voltage, and when said DC supply voltage is absent, said system host is powered by said battery pack.

9. The measurement system of claim 1, wherein said current sensing element has voltages V1 and V2 at first and second terminals, respectively, and has a resistance R1, said current measurement circuit arranged to produce a voltage V′

which varies with the differential voltage V1−

V2 across said current sensing element such that the current I1 through said current sensing element is given by (V1−

V2)/R1, said output of said current measurement circuit being proportional to I1.

10. The measurement system of claim 9, said measurement system arranged to determine a voltage offset error V_error,zero by arranging said system such that no current flows in said current sensing element, noting the value of V′

, and equating V_error,zero with V′

, said measurement system further arranged to correct the output of said current measurement circuit based on the value of V_error,zero.

11. The measurement system of claim 10, wherein said current measurement circuit further comprises:

a voltage-to-frequency converter (VFC) which receives V′

as an input and produces a pulse train output having a frequency which varies with V′

,

a first counter connected to count the pulses in said pulse train output,

said measurement system arranged to determine the number of said pulses counted in a predetermined time period, said count being proportional to the value of I1.

12. The measurement system of claim 11, further comprising a second counter connected to count the pulses of a free-running clock signal which operates at a known frequency to provide said predetermined time period, said VFC driven synchronously with said second counter by said free-running clock signal.

13. The measurement system of claim 10, wherein said measurement system is further arranged to command a known calibration current I_calibrate through said current sensing element, note the value of V′

, calculate I1 based on V′ and

V_error,zero, and determine a discharge error voltage V_error which is given by;

14. The measurement system of claim 13, wherein said battery charging circuit includes a calibration circuit arranged to draw said calibration current I_calibrate through said current sensing element in response to a calibrate command.

15. The measurement system of claim 14, wherein said battery charging circuit includes a switch which, in response to a command from said system host, connects said current sensing element to said calibration circuit.

16. The measurement system of claim 13, wherein said current measurement circuit output is proportional to I1 and said system host is programmed to store and use said V_error and V_error,zero values to reduce linearity errors present in I1.

17. The measurement system of claim 13, wherein said current measurement circuit output is proportional to I1 and said V_error and V_error,zero values are stored within said current measurement circuit, said current measurement circuit arranged to use said V_error and V_error,zero values to reduce linearity errors present in I1.

18. The measurement and calibration system of claim 17, further comprising a battery pack to which said measurement and calibration system is connected, said battery pack comprising:

a rechargeable battery, and

interface circuitry for interfacing said battery to said measurement and calibration system.

19. A rechargeable battery measurement and calibration system which complies with the specifications of the Smart Battery System Implementers Forum (SBS-IF), comprising:

an AC/DC converter which provides a DC supply voltage,

a battery charging circuit which is powered by said DC supply voltage and is arranged to provide a charging current suitable for charging a rechargeable battery which is part of a battery pack in response to a command signal,

a current sense resistor external to said battery pack, said current sense resistor having a resistance R1 and connected to carry current I1 provided to and drawn from said battery pack, said current I1 developing a voltage across said resistor given by the difference between the voltage V1 at one of its terminal and the voltage V2 at its other terminal,

a current measurement circuit connected across said current sense resistor and arranged to produce an output which varies with current I1, said current measurement circuit connected such that it is powered by current which does not pass through said current sense resistor when said charging circuit is providing charging current to said battery pack,

a system host, said measurement and calibration system arranged such that said system host is powered by said DC supply voltage when present and by said battery pack otherwise, said system host connected to receive said current measurement circuit output and programmed to calculate battery status information for presentation to a user based on said current measurements, and

an SMBus physical layer which interconnects said system host with said battery charging circuit, said battery pack, and said current measurement circuit.

20. The measurement and calibration system of claim 19, wherein said current measurement circuit is arranged to produce a voltage V′

which varies with the differential voltage V1−

V2 across said current sense resistor, said measurement and calibration system arranged to determine a voltage offset error V_error,zero by arranging said system such that no current flows in said current sense resistor, noting the value of V′

, and equating V_error,zero with V′

, said measurement and calibration system further arranged to correct the output of said current measurement circuit based on the value of V_error,zero.

21. The measurement and calibration system of claim 20, wherein said current measurement circuit further comprises:

a voltage-to-frequency converter (VFC) which receives V′

as an input and produces a pulse train output having a frequency which varies with V′

, and

a first counter connected to count the pulses in said pulse train output,

said measurement and calibration system arranged to determine the number of said pulses counted in a predetermined time period, said count being proportional to the value of I1.

22. The measurement and calibration system of claim 21, further comprising a second counter connected to count the pulses of a free-running clock signal which operates at a known frequency to provide said predetermined time period, said VFC driven synchronously with said second counter by said free-running clock signal.

23. The measurement and calibration system of claim 20, wherein said measurement and calibration system is arranged to command a known calibration current I_calibrate through said current sense resistor, note the value of V′

with I_calibrate in said current sense resistor, calculate I1 based on V′ and

V_error,zero, and determine a discharge error voltage V_error which is given by;

24. The measurement and calibration system of claim 23, wherein said system host is programmed to use said V_error and V_error,zero values to correct linearity errors present in I1.

25. The measurement and calibration system of claim 23, wherein said V_error and V_error,zero values are stored within said current measurement circuit and said current measurement circuit is arranged to use said V_error and V_error,zero values to correct linearity errors present in I1.

26. The measurement and calibration system of claim 23, wherein said battery charging circuit includes a calibration circuit arranged to draw said calibration current I_calibrate through said current sense resistor, said battery charging circuit further comprising a switch which, in response to a calibrate command from said system host, connects said current sense resistor to said calibration circuit.