RF-safe invasive device

• US 6,496,714 B1
• Filed: 07/20/2001
• Issued: 12/17/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 07/20/2001
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. (Koninklijke Philips N.V.)
• Original Assignee: Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. (Koninklijke Philips N.V.)
• Inventors: Lüdeke, Kai-Michael, Weiss, Steffen
• Primary Examiner(s): Bennett, Henry
• Assistant Examiner(s): ROBINSON, DANIEL LEON
• Application Number:
  US09/910,204
• Time in Patent Office: 515 Days
• Field of Search: 600/423, 600/411, 600/422, 600/421, 600/420, 600/410, 600/407, 600/436, 324/307, 324/318, 436/173
• US Class Current: 600/423
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/285 Invasive instruments, e.g. catheters or biopsy needles, specially adapted for tracking, guiding or visualization by NMR

Abstract

The invention sets forth an RF-safe invasive device which is intended to cooperate with a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus and which contains at least one long conductor for a specific purpose, e.g., the localization of the RF-safe device in an object under test. It is known that in such devices with long conductors during RF transmission of the magnetic resonance apparatus a standing RF wave along the conductors may build up which causes dangerous heating of the device and surrounding tissue. It is the object of the invention to provide a construction applicable to such devices such that the heating of the conductor and surrounding tissue is avoided. The RF-safe invasive device is therefore provided with at least one series element of controllable impedance incorporated into the long conductor where the impedance of the series element is controlled by a control unit such that during RF transmission the series elements subdivide the long conductor into sections substantially shorter than half the wavelength in tissue of the RF used.

Claims

1. An RF-safe invasive device comprising at least one long conductor having a length which is greater than or equal to half the wavelength of the applied RF field generated an the object to be imaged by the RF signal energy transmitted during operation of a magnetic imaging apparatus used in conjunction with said RF-safe invasive device, wherein said device is to be introduced into the object being imaged and suppresses uncomfortable and dangerous heating of the device and the surrounding the object during the RF transmission, the RF-safe device further comprising:

at least one series element of controllable impedance incorporated into said at least one long conductor, wherein said at least one series element is controlled by control signals to effectively subdivide the long conductor in electrical sections, said electrical sections being substantially shorter than half a wavelength of the RF applied by the magnetic resonance imaging apparatus as found in the tissue of the object being imaged, wherein heating in the at least one long conductor is avoided;

a control unit defines one of a low (“

on”

) and a high impedance (“

off”

) state of the series elements by generation of said control signals, wherein the control unit is controlled by the magnetic resonance imaging apparatus such that the series elements are operated in said high impedance state during RF transmission; and

a control path that connects the control unit to the series elements.

2. The RF-safe invasive device as set forth in claim 1, wherein said control path may comprise one of an electrical, an optical, pneumatic, RF transmitted, inductive, magnetic and sonic communication path.

3. The RF-safe invasive device set forth in claim 1, wherein the at least one long conductor further includes an additional element with which it may communicate.

4. The RF-safe invasive device set forth in claim 3, wherein the additional element may include at least one of (1) a short to electrically connect conductors at an end of said at least one long conductor, (2) an electronic coupling to a medical imaging system, and (3) an electronic coupling to a non-imaging medical system.

5. The RF-safe invasive device of claim 4, wherein said additional element includes an MR imaging system.

6. The RF-safe invasive device set forth in claim 1, wherein two long conductors form a wire loop, wherein the series elements each consist of a diode and an optional resistor, wherein the control unit consists of a voltage source U_rev, a current source I_DC and a switch which has two operating states.

7. The RF-safe invasive device set forth in claim 6, wherein said first operating state supports that during RF transmission, the switch connects the loop to U_rev reverse biasing the diodes such that their high-impedance (“

off”

) state effectively breaks the loop avoiding heating and the second low impedance (“

on”

) operating state supports that during other times the switch may connect the loop to a current source I_DC forward biasing the diodes such that said low-impedance state effectively reconnects the loop sections and the direct current produces a field inhomegeneity for localizing the catheter.

8. An RF-safe invasive device comprising at least one long conductor having a length which is greater than or equal to half the wavelength of the applied RF signal generated in an object being imaged using RF energy transmitted during operation of a magnetic imaging apparatus, wherein said RF-safe invasive device is intended for introduction into an object being imaged and suppresses uncomfortable and dangerous heating of the device and the surrounding object during RF transmission by the magnetic resonance imaging apparatus, the RF-safe invasive device, comprising:

at least said one long conductor;

at least one series element of controllable impedance incorporated into said at least one long conductor, wherein said at least one series element is controlled by control signals to effectively subdivide the long conductor in electrical sections, said electrical sections being substantially shorter than half a wavelength the RF field generated in the object tissues by the magnetic resonance imaging apparatus, wherein heating in the at least one long conductor is avoided;

a control unit that activates and deactivates the series elements by generation of said control signals,

wherein the control unit is controlled by the magnetic resonance imaging apparatus such that the series elements are activated by the control unit utilizing a reverse bias voltage during RF transmission; and

wherein the control unit is controlled by the magnetic resonance imaging apparatus such that the series elements are activated by the control unit such that the conductor is subdivided into electrically short conductors utilizing a forward biasing current I_DC which is adjusted such that said current operates to render a location of the RF-safe invasive device clear to a viewer of the magnetic resonance imaging apparatus during non-RF transmission times.

9. The RF-safe invasive device of claim 8, wherein an element at the tip of the device contains a coil for reception of MR signals, which coil is connected to an MR receiver by the long conductors forming an RF transmission line,

and wherein the element at the tip of the device additionally contains a capacitor in series with the coil to block the direct current from the coil which would otherwise disturb the signal reception and a DC bypass which displays an impedance commensurate with the RF frequencies at the distal end of the transmission line to pass direct current from the first to the second conductor without substantial degradation of the RF signal received by the coil.

10. An RF-safe invasive device to be introduced into an object being imaged with a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus, the location of the device being monitored, comprising:

a wire loop arranged within the device for carrying a direct current for generation of a local magnetic field for catheter localization;

an electric connection for coupling the wire loop to a control unit,

wherein the wire loop includes at least one circuit element which is brought to a high-impedance “

off”

state by said control unit by establishing a reverse bias at said at least one circuit element at times in which RF signals are generated by the magnetic resonant imaging apparatus to minimize heating in the wire loop and consequential uncomfortability in the object being imaged, and wherein the loop generates the locating signal during a time in which the control unit causes DC to be provided to the wire loop.

11. The RF-safe invasive device set forth in claim 10, wherein the wire loop is disposed at an invasive end of the catheter.

12. The RF-safe invasive device set forth in claim 10, wherein the control unit causes a DC to be provided to the wire loop to generate the local magnetic field during a time at which the magnetic resonance apparatus is not transmitting RF signals.

13. The RF-safe invasive device set forth in claim 10, wherein the wire loop includes at least one diode as said circuit element.

14. The RF-safe invasive device set forth in claim 10, wherein the electrical connection comprises coaxial conductors.

15. A magnetic resonance apparatus for imaging an object with an introduced RF-safe invasive device such that the location of the RF-safe invasive device is known, comprising:

a first magnet system for generating a static magnetic field in the object,

a plurality of gradient coils for generating gradient magnetic fields in the object,

at least one RF coil for transmitting RF pulses to the object and for receiving RF signals from the object, and

a control unit for controlling the gradient magnetic fields and the RF pulses in order to generate magnetic resonance imaging signals,

wherein said introduced RF-safe invasive device comprises;

a wire loop arranged within the device for carrying a direct current for generation of a local magnetic field for catheter localization;

an electric connection for coupling the wire loop to a control unit,

wherein the wire loop includes at least one circuit element which is brought to a high impedance (“

off”

) state by said control unit by establishing a reverse bias at said at least one circuit element at times in which RF signals are generated by the magnetic resonant imaging apparatus to minimize heating in the wire loop and consequential uncomfortability in the object being imaged, and wherein the loop generates the locating signal during a time in which the control unit causes DC to be provided to the wire loop.

16. The magnetic resonance apparatus as set forth in claim 15, wherein the control unit causes a DC to be provided to the wire loop to generate the local magnetic field during a time at which the magnetic resonance apparatus is not transmitting RF signals.

17. The magnetic resonance apparatus as set forth in claim 15, wherein the w ire loop includes at least one diode as said circuit element.