System and method for removing dissolved gas from a solution

• US 6,500,239 B2
• Filed: 03/14/2001
• Issued: 12/31/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 03/14/2001
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: PenJet Corp.
• Original Assignee: PenJet Corp.
• Inventors: Ituarte, Eloy A., Castellano, Thomas P.
• Primary Examiner(s): SMITH, DUANE
• Application Number:
  US09/808,511
• Publication Number:
  US 20020129705A1
• Time in Patent Office: 657 Days
• Field of Search: 210/188, 604/406, 604/408, 604/68, 604/187, 206/528, 206/365, 222/152, 222/1, 222/190, 141/18, 141/69, 952/41, 952/45, 952/46, 952/47, 952/48, 952/50, 952/51, 952/52, 952/54, 952/60, 952/63, 952/66, 95/30, 961/55, 961/93, 962/02, 962/18, 961/75, 962/16, 962/04, 961/95, 961/96
• US Class Current: 95/247
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2005/3104 Caps for syringes without needle
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2005/3123 having air entrapping or venting means, e.g. purging channels in pistons
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/36 related to heating or cooling
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2209/045 for filling, e.g. for filling reservoirs
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/24 Ampoule syringes, i.e. syringes with needle for use in combination with replaceable ampoules or carpules, e.g. automatic ampoules or carpules A61J1/06
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/30 Syringes for injection by jet action, without needle, e.g. for use with replaceable ampoules or carpules
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/3007 with specially designed jet passages at the injector's distal end
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 19/00 Degasification of liquids
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 19/0078 by vibration

Abstract

A system and multiple methods are described for removing dissolved gases from a liquid either prior to or following filling into a container. Prior to filling, gas is removed by creating a pressure differential, by application of heat, by sonication, or by generating a liquid by combination of dry solute and de-gassed solvent. Alternatively, liquids may be highly concentrated with solute to force any dissolved gas out of solution and later diluted with de-gassed solvents. In other embodiments, gases are percolated into liquids to displace atmospheric gases, wherein these percolated gases separate from solution and diffuse out of sealed contained after filling either by nature of their molecular size or chemical reaction with materials constructed into the container.

Claims

1. A method for removing a gas from a liquid containing said gas, the method comprising:

partially filling a tank with said liquid containing said gas, said tank having an interior atmosphere;

reducing the pressure of said interior atmosphere; and

removing said gas as it escapes from said liquid into said interior atmosphere,

wherein the liquid is an injectable medication.

2. The method according to claim 1, further including rolling said tank while the pressure of said interior atmosphere is reduced.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said interior atmosphere is in contact with said liquid along an interface having a surface area, and said method further including tilting said tank to maximize said surface area of said interface.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said tank has an opening and wherein said opening is coupled to a sealing mechanism, and reducing said pressure includes:

coupling a gas removal source to one of said sealing mechanism and said opening;

placing said sealing mechanism in the opened state; and

applying vacuum pressure to said interior atmosphere through said gas removal source.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the steps of reducing the pressure of said interior atmosphere and of removing said gas are repeated after allowing said liquid to stabilize.

6. The method according to claim 1, further including heating said tank while said pressure of said interior atmosphere is reduced.

7. The method according to claim 1, further including sending sound waves through said liquid, wherein said sound waves originate from a device immersed in said liquid.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein said liquid contains water and a portion of said water is removed from said liquid in the form of water vapor during said removal of said gas, and said method further including adding de-gassed water to said liquid to compensate for said removal of said water vapor.

9. The method according to claim 1, further including sterilizing said tank.

10. A method for filling a container with a de-gassed liquid, said liquid containing a gas prior to being filled into said container, said method comprising:

partially filling a tank with said liquid containing said gas, said tank having an interior atmosphere and an opening;

reducing the pressure of said interior atmosphere;

removing said gas as it escapes from said liquid into said interior atmosphere;

filling said container with said liquid after said gas has been removed from said liquid; and

sealing said container,

wherein said liquid is an injectable medication.

11. The method according to claim 10, further including rolling said tank as said pressure of said interior atmosphere is being reduced.

12. The method according to claim 10, wherein filling said container includes tilting said tank so that said liquid is transferred from said tank through said opening by means of gravity.

13. The method according to claim 10, wherein said opening is coupled to a sealing mechanism, and reducing said pressure includes:

coupling a gas removal source to one of said sealing mechanism and said opening;

placing said sealing mechanism in the opened state; and

applying vacuum pressure to said interior atmosphere through said gas removal source.

14. The method according to claim 10, further including heating said tank while said pressure of said interior atmosphere is reduced.

15. The method according to claim 10, further including sending sound waves through said liquid, wherein said sound waves originate from a device immersed in said liquid.

16. The method according to claim 10, wherein said liquid contains water and further wherein a portion of said water is removed from said liquid in the form of water vapor during said removal of said gas, said method further including adding de-gassed water to said liquid to compensate for said removal of water vapor.

17. The method according to claim 10, further including sterilizing said tank.

18. The method according to claim 10, wherein said container is an ampoule.

19. The method according to claim 18, further including fitting said ampoule with a plunger, a piston and a diffuser prior to filling said ampoule with said liquid.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein said ampoule has a dispensing end, and wherein prior to filling said ampoule with said liquid, said plunger is in contact with said dispensing end of said ampoule.

21. The method according to claim 19, wherein after filling said ampoule with said liquid, said piston is in contact with said diffuser.

22. The method according to claim 18, wherein said ampoule is sealed with a self-sealing cap after filling said ampoule with said liquid.

23. The method according to claim 18, wherein said ampoule is filled with from about {fraction (1/20)} cc to about 1 cc of said de-gassed liquid.

24. A system for removing a gas from a liquid containing said gas, said system comprising:

a tank partially filled with said liquid, said liquid having said gas dissolved therein, said tank having an opening;

a sealing mechanism coupled to said opening; and

a vacuum pressure source configured to be coupled to one of said sealing mechanism and said opening, wherein

said liquid is an injectable medication and said sealing mechanism is in the opened state when said vacuum pressure source is coupled to the one of said sealing mechanism and said opening.

25. The system according to claim 24, said system further including a roller in contact with an exterior surface of said tank such that said tank rolls as said roller rotates.

26. The system according to claim 24, said system further including a heating element in contact with an exterior surface of said tank such that said liquid partially filling said tank is heated.

27. The system according to claim 24, said system further including a sound wave generating rod immersed in said liquid such that sound waves are propagated through said liquid.

28. The system according to claim 24, said system further including a filling supply line configured to be coupled to at least one of said opening and said sealing mechanism and adapted to transfer said liquid to a container capable of being sealed.

29. The system according to claim 24, wherein said container is an ampoule.

30. A method for filling a container with a liquid that de-gasses after filling, said liquid containing a gas prior to being filled into said container, said method comprising:

partially filling a tank with said liquid containing said gas, said tank having an interior atmosphere and an opening;

percolating a percolating gas through said liquid;

removing both said gas and a portion of said percolating gas as said gas and said portion of said percolating gas escape from said liquid into said interior atmosphere;

filling said container with said liquid after said gas has been removed from said liquid; and

sealing said container.

31. The method according to claim 30, wherein a volume of said percolating gas remains dissolved in said liquid upon filling said liquid into said container, and wherein said percolating gas separates from said liquid after said liquid is filled into said container.

32. The method according to claim 30, wherein said opening is coupled to a sealing mechanism, and removing both said gas and said portion of said percolating gas includes:

coupling a gas removal source to one of said sealing mechanism and said opening;

placing said sealing mechanism in the opened state; and

applying vacuum pressure to said interior atmosphere through said gas removal source.

33. The method according to claim 30, wherein said percolating gas is an inert gas.

34. The method according to claim 30, wherein said percolating gas is helium.

35. The method according to claim 30, wherein said container is gas permeable to said percolating gas, and wherein said percolating gas diffuses out of said container.

36. The method according to claim 30, wherein said container is at least partially comprised of an extracting material, and wherein said method further comprises said percolating gas chemically reacting with said extracting material.

37. The method according to claim 30, wherein said container is an ampoule,

wherein said ampoule is fitted with a mechanical element,

wherein said mechanical element is at least partially comprised of an extracting material, and

wherein said separation of said percolating gas from said liquid comprises said percolating gas chemically reacting with said extracting material.

38. The method according to claim 30, wherein said container is an ampoule,

wherein said ampoule possesses an interior cavity,

wherein said interior cavity is coated with an extracting material, and

wherein said method further comprises said percolating gas chemically reacting with said extracting material.

39. The method according to claim 30, wherein said container is an ampoule,

wherein said ampoule possesses an interior cavity and an exterior compartment,

wherein said interior cavity and said exterior compartment are in gaseous communication,

wherein said exterior compartment contains an absorbent material, and

wherein said method further comprises said percolating gas chemically reacting with said absorbent material.

40. The method according to claim 30, wherein said removal of both said gas and said portion of said percolating gas is performed at a rate relative to a percolation rate of said percolating gas that is selected from the group consisting of greater than, equal to, and less than said percolation rate.

41. The method according to claim 30, wherein a remainder of said percolating gas resides in said tank after said percolation is complete, said method further including removing said remainder of said percolating gas from said tank.

42. A method of filling an ampoule comprising:

providing a de-gassed liquid, and

filling said ampoule with said de-gassed liquid.

43. The method according to claim 42, wherein said de-gassed liquid is an injectable medication.

44. The method according to claim 42, wherein said ampoule remains substantially free of gas pockets after said filling.

45. The method according to claim 42, wherein said de-gassed liquid is selected from the group consisting of a highly concentrated solution, a solution in combination with a highly concentrated salt solution, and a solution in combination with a highly concentrated buffer solution,

wherein said de-gassed liquid is of a sufficiently high concentration such that it is substantially gas free.

46. The method according to claim 42, wherein providing said de-gassed liquid comprises:

partially filling a vessel with a solute,

removing the gas from said vessel, and

adding a de-gassed solvent to said vessel, wherein said solvent and said solute are mixed in said vessel,

wherein said vessel remains substantially gas-free.

47. A method of filling an ampoule comprising:

providing a de-gassed liquid,

partially filling said ampoule with said de-gassed liquid,

providing a de-gassed solvent, and

partially filling said ampoule with said de-gassed solvent,

wherein said de-gassed liquid is selected from the group consisting of a highly concentrated solution, a solution in combination with a highly concentrated salt solution, and a solution in combination with a highly concentrated buffer solution,

wherein said de-gassed liquid is of a sufficiently high concentration such that it is substantially gas free.

48. A method of filling an ampoule comprising:

providing a liquid with a gas dissolved therein, and

filling said ampoule with said liquid,

wherein said gas separates from said liquid, and

wherein after said separation said liquid remains substantially free of said gas.

49. The method according to claim 48, wherein said ampoule is gas permeable to said gas, and wherein said separation comprises said gas diffusing out of said ampoule.

50. The method according to claim 48, wherein said ampoule is at least partially comprised of an extracting material, and

wherein said separation comprises said gas chemically reacting with said extracting material.

51. The method according to claim 48, wherein said ampoule is fitted with a mechanical element,

wherein said mechanical element is at least partially comprised of an extracting material, and

wherein said separation comprises said gas chemically reacting with said extracting material.

52. The method according to claim 48, wherein said ampoule possesses an interior cavity,

wherein said interior cavity is coated with an extracting material, and

wherein said separation comprises said gas chemically reacting with said extracting material.

53. The method according to claim 48, wherein said ampoule possesses an interior cavity and an exterior compartment,

wherein said interior cavity and said exterior compartment are in gaseous communication,

wherein said exterior compartment contains an absorbent material, and

wherein said separation comprises said gas chemically reacting with said absorbent material.

54. The method according to claim 48, wherein said liquid is an injectable medication.

55. A method for administering an injection with a needle-less injector, wherein said needle-less injector is fitted with an ampoule, said method comprising:

filling said ampoule with a de-gassed liquid,

assembling said ampoule in said needle-less injector, and

administering said injection.