Method and apparatus for securely determining aspects of the history of a good

• US 6,501,390 B1
• Filed: 01/11/1999
• Issued: 12/31/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 01/11/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Pulleyblank, William R., Chainer, Timothy J., Wu, Chai W., Tresser, Charles P., Greengard, Claude A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Horabik, Michael
• Assistant Examiner(s): WONG, ALBERT KANG
• Application Number:
  US09/228,231
• Publication Number:
  US 20020186145A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,450 Days
• Field of Search: 340/572.7, 340/571, 340/539, 340/10.41, 340/573.4, 340/10.5, 340/870.11, 340/870.16, 340/521, 340/522, 235/440, 235/472.02, 235/419, 382/313, 382/305, 374/102, 206/459.1
• US Class Current: 340/870.16
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/27 preventing use
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/273 preventing reuse, e.g. of disposables
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/6054 Magnetic identification systems
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/5086 for indicating if defective, used, tampered with or unsterile
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0717 the sensor being capable of sensing environmental conditions such as temperature history or pressure
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/073 Special arrangements for circuits, e.g. for protecting identification code in memory protection against unauthorised use of computer memory G06F12/14
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07372 by detecting tampering with the circuit
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07381 with deactivation or otherwise incapacitation of at least a part of the circuit upon detected tampering
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 9/02 Devices for alarm or indication, e.g. when empty; Advertising arrangements in coin-freed apparatus alarms or warning devices indicating the interruption of flow to be metered G07F15/10
• CPC Class Codes: G07G 1/0054 with control of supplementary check-parameters, e.g. weight or number of articles

Abstract

The present invention provides methods and apparatus to detect and reliably record the physical history of a product including effects due to one or more of the following: 1) product use 2) handling 3) tampering and 4) environment of the product (as changes in the environment, such as excessive temperatures, humidity, or shocks, can result in degradation to a product). The apparatus includes a “smart card”, or, more generally, “smart token”, in combination with one or more sensors which record the external influences on the product and/or the environment and records those changes in an encrypted form. This information can then be verified by any individual who is equipped with a (possibly public) decryption key, but capability to modify this information, depending on the application, is restricted to those with access to the encrypting key. Furthermore, the apparatus contains authentication information which can be reliably verified, in particular to confirm that the apparatus is attached to the product it supposed to be attached to.

Claims

1. A method of securely recording and storing information in an integrated monitor attached to an object about at least one of physical, chemical and environmental effects on said object, over time, comprising the steps of:

sensing data regarding a change or lack of change of state of said object or an environment of said object, with at least one of a plurality of sensors, said change or lack-of change of state indicating tampering or lack of tampering with said object and/or change or lack of change in said environment of said object;

securely sending a signal of said sensed data from said sensor to a storage device embedded within the monitor; and

irreversibly recording using encryption of said signal in said storage device for later retrieval.

2. A method as in claim 1 further comprising the step of recording a time in said storage device for each said signal recorded in said storage device.

3. A method as in claim 1 wherein said sensors detect changes in one or more states of the object selected from the group comprising temperature, humidity, pressure, light, vibration, shock, electromagnetic field, and chemical composition.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein said object is a motor vehicle and said sensors detects at least one of the group comprising:

time, mileage, shock, temperature, geographic location, speed, and irreversibly records using encryption said signals in said storage device, creating a time sequence history, of said motor vehicle.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said object is a packaging container which encloses pharmacological products, food products, or chemical products, and said sensors detect at least one of the group of temperature, humidity, pressure, light, vibration, shock, electromagnetic field, chemical composition, and opening of said packaging container.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said object is an electronic consumer product and said sensors detect a number of power on hours of said consumer product.

23. A method as in claim 1 wherein said at least one sensor detects said tampering with said object.

7. A method of recording and storing information in an integrated monitor attached to an object about at least one of physical, chemical and environmental effects on said object over time comprising the steps of:

sensing data regarding a change or lack of change of state of said object, with at least one of a plurality of sensors, said change or lack of change of state indicating tampering or lack of tampering with said object and/or change or lack of change in said environment of said object,

processing said data to compute at least one of a plurality of functions of said data;

encrypting at least one of said data and said values of said functions; and

irreversibly storing a combination of said encrypted data and values of said functions in a storage device.

8. A method of recording and storing information in an integrated monitor as in claim 7 further comprising displaying on the attached monitor a result from said processing step.

9. A system for securely monitoring the history of a good comprising:

a storage device on a monitor attached to said good;

a sensor securely sending a signal of a sensed change or lack of change of a state of said good or an environment of said good to said storage device, said change or lack of change of state indicating tampering or lack of tampering with said good and/or change or lack of change of said environment of said good, and

an encryption module altering data from said signal being irreversibly recorded in said storage device, for later retrieval.

10. The monitoring system of claim 9 further comprising a processing unit in said attached monitor which acts upon said signals from said sensor.

11. The monitoring system of claim 10 wherein said processing unit acts upon said signal to determine if said signal meets a threshold for recording in said storage device.

12. The monitoring system of claim 10 wherein said processing unit acts upon said signal to execute an algorithm to process said signal to determine a state of said good.

13. The monitoring system of claim 10 further comprising a display in the attached monitor displaying a result determined by said processing unit.

14. The monitoring system of claim 13 wherein said display includes a secure access.

15. The monitoring system as in claim 9, wherein said attached monitor is integrated onto a single silicon substrate.

16. The monitoring system as in claim 9, further comprising a timing unit which sends a time stamp to said storage device to be recorded for each signal recorded from said sensor.

17. The monitoring system as in claim 9, wherein said sensor is comprised of a pressure sensor sending signals to said storage device in response to changes in pressure around said sensor.

18. The monitoring system as in claim 9, wherein said sensor is comprised of a light sensor sending a signal to said storage device when light exposure to said sensor is changed.

19. The monitoring system as in claim 9, wherein said sensor is composed of an electrical correction which if broken sends a signal to said storage device.

20. The monitoring system as in claim 9, further comprising an identification code encrypted in said storage device specific to said good protected by said security system.

21. A monitoring system as in claim 20 wherein said identification code is authenticated using a zero-knowledge protocol.

22. A monitoring system for recording and storing information in an integrated monitor attached to an object about at least one of physical, chemical and environmental effects on said object over time, said system comprising:

a sensor for sensing data regarding a change or lack of change of state of said object or an environment of said object, said change or lack of change of state indicating tampering or lack of tampering with said object and/or change or lack of change in said environment of said object;

a processor for computing one of a plurality of functions of said data, a storage device for storing said data and values of said functions of said data in a storage device, and

an encryption module altering said data so as to be irreversibly stored in said storage device, for later retrieval.