Apparatus and method for measuring selected physical condition of an animate subject

• US 6,501,973 B1
• Filed: 06/30/2000
• Issued: 12/31/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 06/30/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: NXP USA, Inc. (NXP Semiconductors NV)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Grube, Gary W., Foley, Barbara M.
• Primary Examiner(s): WINAKUR, ERIC FRANK
• Application Number:
  US09/607,722
• Time in Patent Office: 914 Days
• Field of Search: 600/310, 600/316, 600/322, 600/323, 600/473, 600/476, 356/39, 356/40, 356/41
• US Class Current: 600/310
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/12 Manufacturing methods specially adapted for producing sensors for in-vivo measurements
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0002 Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network A61B5/07 takes precedence; transmission systems for measured values G08C; transmission H04B; transmission of digital information H04L; wireless communication networks H04W
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0059 using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence A61B5/0093, A61B5/1455, A61B5/02416 and A61B5/0261 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 21/02381 Silicon, silicon germanium, germanium
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 21/02439 Materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 21/02461 Phosphides
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 21/02463 Arsenides
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 21/02488 Insulating materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 21/02505 consisting of more than two layers
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 21/02521 Materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/12 structurally associated with, e.g. formed in or on a common substrate with, one or more electric light sources, e.g. electroluminescent light sources, and electrically or optically coupled thereto semiconductor devices with at least one potential barrier or surface barrier adapted for light emission H01L33/00; amplifiers using electroluminescent element and photocell H03F17/00; electroluminescent light sources per se H05B33/00

Abstract

An apparatus for measuring at least one selected physical condition of an animate subject is disclosed. The apparatus comprises: (a) a light source; (b) a light receiver that receives resultant light from the light source via the subject; and (c) an information processor connected with the light receiver. The processor receives indication of the resultant light from the light receiver and evaluates the indication to effect the measuring. The processor is implemented in a unitary structure with the light source and light detector that is borne upon a single silicon substrate. The apparatus may further comprise a first interface element coupled with the processor to facilitate communication with the light receiver, and a second interface element coupled with the processor that includes communication means for conveying messages to remote loci. The first and second interface elements are implemented in the unitary structure. The method of the present invention comprises the steps of: (a) providing an apparatus implemented in a unitary structure borne upon a single silicon substrate; and (b) evaluating the indication provided by the apparatus to effect the measuring. The unitary structure is comprised of a monolithic structure having a first portion implemented in silicon, and having a second portion implemented in at least one compound semiconductor material.

Claims

1. An apparatus for measuring at least one selected physical condition of an animate subject, the apparatus comprising:

a light source;

a light receiver, said light receiver capable of receiving resultant light from said light source via said subject; and

an information processor connected with at least said light receiver;

said information processor receiving an indication of said resultant light from said light receiver and evaluating said indication to effect said measuring,

said information processor being implemented in a unitary structure with at least one of said light source and said light detector;

said unitary structure comprising

a monocrystalline silicon substrate;

a monocrystalline perovskite oxide material overlying at least a portion of the monocrystalline silicon substrate;

an amorphous oxide material located between the monocrystalline perovskite oxide material and the monocrystalline silicon substrate; and

a monocrystalline compound semiconductor material overlying at least a portion of the monocrystalline perovskite oxide material,

wherein at least a portion of said information processor is formed within the monocrystalline silicon substrate and at least a portion of said light source is formed within the compound semiconductor material.

2. An apparatus for measuring at least one selected physical condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 1 wherein the apparatus further comprises at least one first interface element coupled with said processor and with at least said light receiver;

said at least one first interface element facilitating communication with said processor;

said at least one first interface element being implemented in said unitary structure.

3. An apparatus for measuring at least one selected physical condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 1 or 2 wherein the apparatus further comprises at least one second interface element coupled with said processor;

said at least one second interface element including communication means for conveying messages to loci remote from the apparatus;

said at least one second interface element being implemented in said unitary structure.

4. An apparatus for measuring at least one selected physical condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 3 wherein said conveying is effected using optically coupled communications.

5. An apparatus for measuring at least one selected physical condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 3 wherein said conveying is effected using radio frequency communications.

6. An apparatus for measuring at least one selected physical condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 3 wherein said conveying is effected using sonically coupled communications.

7. An apparatus for measuring at least one selected physical condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 3 wherein said conveying is effected using magnetically coupled communications.

8. An apparatus for measuring at least one selected physical condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 3 wherein said conveying is effected using inductively coupled communications.

9. An apparatus for measuring at least one selected physical condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 3 wherein said conveying is effected using capacitively coupled communications.

10. An apparatus for measuring at least one selected physical condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 1 or 2 wherein the apparatus is arranged with said light source and said light receiver in a substantially facing orientation;

said light receiver receiving said resultant light having traversed said subject.

11. An apparatus for measuring at least one selected physical condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 1 or 2 wherein the apparatus is arranged with said light source and said light receiver in a substantially adjacent orientation;

said light receiver receiving said resultant light having been reflectively scattered by said subject.

12. An apparatus for measuring at least one selected physical condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 1 or 2 wherein the apparatus comprises means for monitoring said subject for an extended period of time.

13. An apparatus for measuring at least one selected physical condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 12 wherein the apparatus is configured as a clothing accessory.

14. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the monocrystalline perovskite oxide material is rotated with respect to the monocrystalline silicon layer such that the effective lattice mismatch between the monocrystalline perovskite material and the monocrystalline silicon layer is no greater than about 2.0%.

15. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the monocrystalline compound semiconductor material is rotated with respect to the monocrystalline perovskite oxide material such that the effective lattice mismatch between the monocrystalline compound semiconductor material and the monocrystalline perovskite oxide material is no greater than about 2.0%.

16. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the amorphous layer is prepared by a process comprising exposing the monocrystalline silicon substrate to the elements of the monocrystalline perovskite material while varying the partial pressure of oxygen to both 1) epitaxially grow the perovskite layer, and 2) form an amorphous silicon oxide layer overlying the silicon substrate.

17. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the monocrystalline silicon substrate is oriented in the (100) direction.

18. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the amorphous material includes oxygen and silicon.

19. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the amorphous oxide material is approximately 0.5 to 5 nanometers thick.

20. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the amorphous oxide material is approximately 1.5 to 2.5 nanometers thick.

21. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the monocrystalline perovskite oxide material is Sr_zBa₁₋

zTiO₃, wherein z ranges from 0 to 1.

22. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the monocrystalline compound semiconductor material includes gallium and arsenic.

23. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the monocrystalline perovskite oxide is strontium titanate, the amorphous layer includes silicon and oxygen, and the monocrystalline compound semiconductor material includes gallium and arsenic.

24. An apparatus for measuring at least one hematologic condition of an animate subject;

the apparatus comprising;

a laser device;

a light detector device, said light detector device capable of detecting resultant light from said laser device via said subject;

a processor device connected with said laser device and with said light detector device;

said processor device receiving at least one indication of said resultant light from said light detector device and evaluating said at least one indication according to predetermined parameters to effect said measuring; and

an information handling device coupled with said processor device;

said information handling device cooperating with said processor device to convey at least one selected indication of the at least one indication,

said processor device being implemented in a unitary structure with said information handling device and with at least one of said laser device and said light detector device;

said unitary structure comprising

a monocrystalline silicon substrate;

a monocrystalline perovskite oxide material overlying at least a portion of the monocrystalline silicon substrate;

an amorphous oxide material located between the monocrystalline perovskite oxide material and the monocrystalline silicon substrate; and

a monocrystalline compound semiconductor material overlying at least a portion of the monocrystalline perovskite oxide material,

wherein at least a portion of said processor device is formed within the monocrystalline silicon substrate and at least a portion of said laser is formed within the monocrystalline compound semiconductor material.

25. An apparatus for measuring at least one hematologic condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 24 wherein said information handling device includes a memory device;

said memory device storing said at least one selected indication;

said memory device capable of being being queried for periodic access to the at least one selected indication.

26. An apparatus for measuring at least one hematologic condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 24 or 25 wherein said information handling device includes a communication device;

said communication device periodically conveying the at least one selected indication.

27. An apparatus for measuring at least one hematologic condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 26 wherein said conveying is effected using optically coupled communications.

28. An apparatus for measuring at least one hematologic condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 26 wherein said conveying is effected using radio frequency communications.

29. An apparatus for measuring at least one hematologic condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 26 wherein said conveying is effected using sonically coupled communications.

30. An apparatus for measuring at least one hematologic condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 26 wherein said conveying is effected using magnetically coupled communications.

31. An apparatus for measuring at least one hematologic condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 26 Wherein said conveying is effected using inductively coupled communications.

32. An apparatus for measuring at least one hematologic condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 26 wherein said conveying is effected using capacitively coupled communications.

33. An apparatus for measuring at least one hematologic condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 24 or 25 wherein the apparatus is arranged with said laser device and said light detection device in an orientation capable of substantially facing the animate subject, said light detection device receiving said resultant light having been reflectively scattered by said animate subject.

34. An apparatus for measuring at least one hematologic condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 24 or 25 wherein the apparatus is arranged with said laser device and said light detection device in a substantially facing orientation;

said light detection device receiving said resultant light having been reflectively scattered by said subject.

35. An apparatus for measuring at least one hematologic condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 24 or 25 wherein the apparatus comprises means for monitoring said subject for an extended period of time.

36. An apparatus for measuring at least one hematologic condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 35 wherein the apparatus is configured as a clothing accessory.

37. A method for measuring at least one selected physical condition of an animate subject;

the method comprising;

illuminating said subject by a light source

receiving resultant light from said subject at a light receiver;

receiving indication of said resultant light from said light receiver by an information processor connected with at least said light receiver;

evaluating said indication to effect said measuring, said information processor being implemented in a unitary structure with at least one of said light source and said light detector;

said unitary structure comprising;

a monocrystalline silicon substrate;

a monocrystalline perovskite oxide material overlying at least a portion of the monocrystalline silicon substrate;

an amorphous oxide material located between the monocrystalline perovskite oxide material and the monocrystalline silicon substrate; and

a monocrystalline compound semiconductor material overlying at least a portion of the monocrystalline perovskite oxide material,

wherein at least a portion of the information processor is formed within the monocrystalline silicon substrate and at least a portion of the light source is formed within the monocrystalline compound semiconductor material.

38. A method for measuring at least one selected physical condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 37, the method further comprising:

effecting said evaluating in response to a command to provide said indication, wherein said evaluating comprises

determining a diagnostic sequence for illumination,

commanding said light source to perform said diagnostic sequence,

operating said light source to transmit light upon said subject according to said diagnostic sequence,

receiving resultant light from said subject, and

analyzing said resultant light; and

communicating said indication to a remote locus.

39. A method for measuring at least one selected physical condition of an animate subject as recited in claim 37, wherein said evaluating comprises:

determining a measuring time according to at least one first criterion;

substantially at the measuring time, determining a diagnostic sequence for illumination;

commanding said light source to perform the diagnostic sequence;

operating said light source to transmit light according to the diagnostic sequence;

receiving resultant light from said animate subject;

analyzing the resultant light according to at least one second criterion; and

when the resultant light satisfies said at least one second criterion, communicating said indication to a remote locus.