Electrochromic device having improved switching behavior

• US 6,509,999 B1
• Filed: 11/22/2000
• Issued: 01/21/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 11/23/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Bayer AG
• Original Assignee: Bayer AG
• Inventors: Shelepin, Igor, Gavrilov, Vladimir, Neigl, Ralf, Berneth, Horst, Jacobsen, Wolfgang
• Primary Examiner(s): Epps, Georgia
• Assistant Examiner(s): HANIG, RICHARD E
• Application Number:
  US09/718,577
• Time in Patent Office: 790 Days
• Field of Search: 359/265, 359/266, 359/267, 359/268, 359/272, 359/273, 359/274, 359/275
• US Class Current: 359/265
• CPC Class Codes: C09K 9/02 Organic tenebrescent materials
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/1503 caused by oxidation-reduction reactions in organic liquid solutions, e.g. viologen solutions

Abstract

An electrochromic device comprising a pair of glass or plastic plates or plastic films of which at least one plate or film, preferably both plates or films, are provided on in each case one side with an electrically conductive coating, of which at least one plate or film and its conductive coating is transparent, of which the other may be mirrored, and of which in the case of at least one of the two plates or films the electrically conductive layer can be divided into separate, individually contacted area segments and the conductive coatings can be connected at at least one point to an electrical conductor, where the plates or films are joined together via a sealing ring on the sides of their conductive coating, and the volume formed by the two plates or films and the sealing ring is filled with an electrochromic medium which comprises at least one reducible electrochromic compound OX₂ and at least one oxidizable electrochromic compound RED₁, in which the electrochromic medium also comprises a further reducible or an oxidizable electrochromic compound OX₃ or RED₃ respectively whose reduction or oxidation potential respectively has a value which is not greater than the reduction potential of OX₂ or the oxidation potential of RED₁, is distinguished by improved switching behavior.

Claims

1. An electrochromic device with improved switching behavior comprising:

(a) a pair of glass plates, a pair of plastic plates, or a pair of plastic films,

(b) an electrically conductive coating located on a side of at least one of the glass plates, the plastic plates, or the plastic films, wherein the pair of glass plates, plastic plates or plastic films are joined together via a sealing ring located on the side at which the electrically conductive coating is located and wherein the pair of glass plates, plastic plates, or plastic films and the sealing ring form a volume;

(c) an electrochromic medium, contained in the volume, that comprises (i) a first reducible electrochromic compound OX₂, and a second reducible electrochromic compound OX₃ in an amount no greater than 30% of the concentration of OX₂, having a reduction potential the value of which is not greater than the value of the reduction potential of the first reducible electrochromic compound, and (ii) a first oxidizable compound RED₁ and a second oxidizable compound RED₃ in an amount no greater than 30% of the concentration of RED₁, having an oxidation potential the value of which is not greater than the value of the oxidation potential of the first oxidizable electrochromic compound;

wherein at least one plate or at least one film and the conductive coating is transparent, and wherein the electrically conductive coating in at least one of the plastic plates, the glass plates, or the two films can be divided into separate, individually contacted area segments and the conductive coating can be connected at at least one point to an electrical conductor.

2. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein the OX₃ compound is chemically and electrochemically identical to a compound OX₁ that corresponds to the first oxidizable compound RED₁.

3. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein the second oxidizable compound, RED₃ is chemically and electrochemically identical to the RED₂ compound that corresponds to the first reducible compound OX₂.

4. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein OX₃ compound and the RED₃ compound weakly absorb in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

5. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein the device is a display device.

6. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein the device is an analogue display device.

7. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein the device is an adjustable diaphragm.

8. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein the device is a contact sensor.

9. An electrochromic medium comprising at least one reducible electrochromic compound OX₂ and at least one oxidizable electrochromic compound RED₁, and also a further reducible or oxidizable electrochromic compound OX₃ or RED₃, respectively, in an amount no greater than 30% of the concentrations of O₂ or RED₁, and whose reduction or oxidation potential respectively has a value which is not greater than the reduction potential of OX₂ or the oxidation potential of RED₁.