Glucamine compounds for treating hepatitis virus infections

• US 6,515,028 B1
• Filed: 02/14/2000
• Issued: 02/04/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 02/12/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: GD Searle LLC (Pfizer Inc.)
• Original Assignee: GD Searle LLC (Pfizer Inc.)
• Inventors: Mueller, Richard A., Bryant, Martin L., Partis, Richard A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Owens, Amelia
• Application Number:
  US09/503,865
• Time in Patent Office: 1,086 Days
• Field of Search: 564/161, 564/192, 514/617, 514/618
• US Class Current: 514/617
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/047 having two or more hydroxy groups, e.g. sorbitol
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/137 Arylalkylamines, e.g. amphetamine, epinephrine, salbutamol, ephedrine or methadone
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 45/06 Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 31/12 Antivirals
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 31/14 for RNA viruses
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 215/10 with one amino group and at least two hydroxy groups bound to the carbon skeleton

Abstract

N-Substituted glucamine compounds of Formula I are effective in treatment of hepatitis infections, including hepatitis B and hepatitis C. In treating hepatitis infections, the compounds of Formula I may be used alone, or in combination with another antiviral agents selected from among nucleosides, nucleotides, immunomodulators, immunostimulants or various combinations of such other agents.

Claims

1. A method for treating a hepatitis virus infection in a mammal, comprising administering to said mammal an anti-hepatitis virus effective amount of at least one glucamine compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof

wherein:

R and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, aryloxyalkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, alkyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, aminothiocarbonylalkyl, aminosulfonealkyl, arylalkynyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkyl, heterocyclooxyalkyl, heterocyclothiaalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, arylthiaalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, carbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkynylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonyl, aminoalkylcarbonyl, arylalkenylcarbonyl, carboxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminosulfonealkylcarbonyl, arylalkynylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylthiaalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclooxyalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclothiaalkylcarbonyl, arylthiaalkylcarbonyl, monohaloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, perhaloalkylaralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, cycloalkenylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkeynyl, bicycloalkenylalkyl, tricycloalkenylalkyl, tetracycloalkenylalkyl, bicycloalkenoxyalkyl, tricycloalkenoxyalkyl, tetracycloalkenyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkylalkynyl, aralkyl, araloxyalkyl, aralkoxyalkenyl, aralkoxyalkynyl, aralkenoxyalkyl, aralkenoxyalkenyl, heterocycloalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkynyl, aryloxyalkenyl, aryloxyalkynyl, dihydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkenyl, dihydroxyalkenyl, hydroxyalkynyl, haloalkoxyalkenyl, haloalkoxyalkynyl, hydroxysulfonealkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylalkenylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylalkynylcarbonyl, bicycloalkenylalkylcarbonyl, tricycloalkenylalkylcarbonyl, tetracycloalkenylalkylcarbonyl, bicycloalkenoxyalkylcarbonyl, tricycloalkenoxyalkylcarbonyl, tetracycloalkenyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkenylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkynylcarbonyl, aralkylcarbonyl, aralkoxyalkylcarbonyl, aralkoxyalkenylcarbonyl, aralkoxyalkynylcarbonyl, aralkenoxyalkylcarbonyl, aralkenoxyalkenylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkenylcarbonyl, heteroarylalkenylcarbonyl, heteroarylalkynylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkenylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkynylcarbonyl, dihydroxyalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkenylcarbonyl, dihydroxyalkenylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkynylcarbonyl, haloalkoxyalkenylcarbonyl, haloalkoxyalkynylcarbonyl, hydroxysulfonealkylcarbonyl, R⁷ or R⁸ wherein

R⁷=R¹X¹(R²X²)_m(R³X³)_n(R⁴X⁴)_pR¹³;

R⁸=R⁹X⁹(R¹⁰X¹⁰)_q(R¹¹X¹¹)_r(R¹²X¹²)_sR¹³

R¹ and R⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydrogen or haloalkyl;

R², R³, R⁴, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene or haloalkylene;

X¹, X², X³, X⁴, X⁹, X¹⁰, X¹¹ and X¹² are independently oxygen, sulfur, sulfoxide or sulfone;

m, n, p, q, r and s are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3;

m+n+p≦

3

q+r+s≦

3

A, B, C, D and E are independently hydrido, lower alkyl or acyl;

A and B taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

B and C taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

C and D taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

C and E taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

D and R taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

and wherein the main chain in R or R⁵ contains between one and twenty atoms.

2. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the main chain of each of R⁷ and R⁸ contains between four and twenty atoms and either of R¹X¹ or R⁹X⁹.

3. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein R and R⁵ are not both hydrido when all of A, B, C and D is hydrido.

4. A method as set forth in claim 3 wherein the main chain in R contains between one and twenty atoms;

the main chain of R⁵ containing between four and twenty atoms; and

the main chain of each of R⁷ and R⁸ contains between four and twenty atoms and either of R¹X¹ or R⁹X⁹.

5. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein R and R⁵ are independently selected from among H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl.

6. A method as set forth in claim 5 wherein R and R⁵ are not both hydrido.

7. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein R and R⁵ are not the same when all of A, B, C and D is hydrido.

8. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein said pharmaceutically acceptable salt is selected from the group consisting of acetate, adipate, alginate, citrate, phosphate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, digluconate, cyclopentanepropionate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, fumarate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate, methanesulfonate, nicotinate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, oxalate, palmoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, succinate, tartrate, thiocyanate, tosylate, mesylate, and undecanoate.

9. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein R and R⁵ are not the same.

10. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein R and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, aryloxyalkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, alkyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, aminothiocarbonylalkyl, aminosulfonealkyl, arylalkynyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkyl, heterocyclooxyalkyl, heterocyclothiaalkyl, arylthiaalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, carbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkynylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkyl, aryloxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, aminoalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl aminoalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylalkenylcarbonyl, carboxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminosulfonealkylcarbonyl, arylalkynylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylthiaalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclooxyalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclothiaalkylcarbonyl, arylthiaalkylcarbonyl, monohaloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, R7 or R⁸.

11. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein R and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aminoalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, cycloalkenylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkylalkynyl, heterocycloalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkoxyalkenyl or haloalkoxyalkynyl.

12. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein R and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of aryloxyalkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, aminothiocarbonylalkyl, aminosulfonealkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkyl, heterocyclooxyalkyl, heterocyclothiaalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, arylthiaalkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkenylalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkynyl, aralkoxyalkyl, aralkoxyalkenyl, aralkoxyalkynyl, aralkenoxyalkyl, aralkenoxyalkenyl, aryloxyalkenyl, aryloxyalkynyl, hydroxyalkenyl or hydroxyalkynyl.

13. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein R and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, arylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocycloalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl, haloalkoxyalkenyl, or haloalkoxyalkynyl.

14. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein R and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of aryloxyalkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, aminosulfonealkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkyl, heterocyclooxyalkyl, heterocyclothiaalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, arylthiaalkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, aralkoxyalkyl, aralkenoxyalkyl or aryloxyalkenyl.

15. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein R and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of aryloxyalkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, aminoalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkynylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, arylalkenylcarbonyl, carboxyalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminosulfonealkylcarbonyl, arylalkynylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylalkylcarbonyl, heteroaryloxyalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylthiaalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclooxyalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclothiaalkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkylcarbonyl, arylthiaalkylcarbonyl, carbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylalkenylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylalkynylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkenylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkynylcarbonyl, aralkoxyalkylcarbonyl, aralkoxyalkenylcarbonyl, aralkoxyalkynylcarbonyl, aralkenoxyalkylcarbonyl, aralkenoxyalkenylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkenylcarbonyl, heteroarylalkenylcarbonyl, heteroarylalkynylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkenylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkynylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkenylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkynylcarbonyl, haloalkoxyalkenylcarbonyl or haloalkoxyalkynylcarbonyl.

16. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein R and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkylcarbonyl, aminoalkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkynylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, arylalkenylcarbonyl, arylalkynylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylalkylcarbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkenylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkynylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkenylcarbonyl, heteroarylalkenylcarbonyl, heteroarylalkynylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkoxyalkenylcarbonyl or haloalkoxyalkynylcarbonyl.

17. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein R and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of aryloxyalkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, carboxyalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminosulfonealkylcarbonyl, heteroaryloxyalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylthiaalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclooxyalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclothiaalkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkylcarbonyl, arylthiaalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylalkenylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylalkynylcarbonyl, aralkoxyalkylcarbonyl, aralkoxyalkenylcarbonyl, aralkoxyalkynylcarbonyl, aralkenoxyalkylcarbonyl, aralkenoxyalkenylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkenylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkynylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkenylcarbonyl, or hydroxyalkynylcarbonyl.

18. A method for treating a hepatitis virus infection in a mammal, comprising administering to said mammal an anti-hepatitis virus effective amount of an antiviral composition comprising at least one glucamine compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof

wherein:

R and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, aryloxyalkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, alkyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, aminothiocarbonylalkyl, aminosulfonealkyl, arylalkynyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkyl, heterocyclooxyalkyl, heterocyclothiaalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, arylthiaalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, carbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkynylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonyl, aminoalkylcarbonyl, arylalkenylcarbonyl, carboxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminosulfonealkylcarbonyl, arylalkynylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylthiaalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclooxyalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclothiaalkylcarbonyl, arylthiaalkylcarbonyl, monohaloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, perhaloalkylaralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, cycloalkenylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkynyl, bicycloalkenylalkyl, tricycloalkenylalkyl, tetracycloalkenylalkyl, bicycloalkenoxyalkyl, tricycloalkenoxyalkyl, tetracycloalkenyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkylalkynyl, aralkyl, aralkoxyalkyl, aralkoxyalkenyl, aralkoxyalkynyl, aralkenoxyalkyl, aralkenoxyalkenyl, heterocycloalkenyl, heteroarylalkenlyl, heteroarylalkynyl, aryloxyalkenyl, aryloxyalkynyl, dihydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkenyl, dihydroxyalkenyl, hydroxyalkynyl, haloalkoxyalkenyl, haloalkoxyalkynyl, hydroxysulfonealkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylalkenylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylalkynylcarbonyl, bicycloalkenylalkylcarbonyl, tricycloalkenylalkylcarbonyl, tetracycloalkenylalkylcarbonyl, bicycloalkenoxyalkylcarbonyl, tricycloalkenoxyalkylcarbonyl, tetracycloalkenyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkenylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkynylcarbonyl, aralkylcarbonyl, aralkoxyalkylcarbonyl, aralkoxyalkenylcarbonyl, aralkoxyalkynylcarbonyl, aralkenoxyalkylcarbonyl, aralkenoxyalkenylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkenylcarbonyl, heteroarylalkenylcarbonyl, heteroarylalkenylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkenylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkynylcarbonyl, dihydroxyalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkenylcarbonyl, dihydroxyalkenylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkynylcarbonyl, haloalkoxyalkenylcarbonyl, haloalkoxyalkynylcarbonyl, hydroxysulfonealkylcarbonyl, R⁷ or R⁸, wherein

R⁷=R¹X¹(R²X²)_m(R³X³)_n(R⁴X⁴)_pR¹³;

R⁸=R⁹X⁹(R¹⁰X¹⁰)_q(R¹¹X¹¹)_r(R¹²X¹²)_sR¹³

R¹ and R⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydrogen or haloalkyl;

R², R³, R⁴, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene or haloalkylene;

X¹, X², X³, X⁴, X⁹, X¹⁰, X¹¹ and X¹² are independently oxygen, sulfur, sulfoxide or sulfone;

m, n, p, q, r and s are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3;

m+n+p≦

3

q+r+s≦

3

A, B, C, D and E are independently hydrido, lower alkyl or acyl;

A and B taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

B and C taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

C and D taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

C and E taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

D and E taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

and wherein tile main chain in R or R⁵ contains between one and twenty atoms;

and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient.

19. A method as set forth in claim 18 wherein R and R⁵ are independently selected from among H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl.

20. A method as set forth in claim 18 wherein R and R⁵ are not both hydrido when all of A, B, C and D is hydrido.

21. A method as set forth in claim 18 wherein the main chain in R contains between one and twenty atoms;

and

the main chain of R⁵ containing between four and twenty atoms.

22. A method as set forth in claim 18 wherein said pharmaceutically acceptable salt is selected from the group consisting of acetate, adipate, alginate, citrate, phosphate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, a camphorate, camphorsulfonate, digluconate, cyclopentanepropionate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, fumarate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate, methanesulfonate, nicotinate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, oxalate, palmoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, succinate, tartrate, thiocyanate, tosylate, mesylate, and undecanoate.

23. A method as set forth in claim 18 consisting essentially of administering to said mammal an anti-hepatitis virus effective amount of at least one glucamine compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

24. A method as set forth in claim 18 comprising administering to said mammal an anti-hepatitis virus effective amount of an antiviral composition consisting essentially of at least one glucamine compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

25. A method as set forth in claim 18 consisting essentially of administering to said mammal an anti-hepatitis virus effective amount of an antiviral composition consisting essentially of at least one glucamine compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

26. A method as set forth in claim 18 comprising administering to said mammal an anti-hepatitis virus effective amount of an antiviral composition containing at least one glucamine compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, said administration being substantially exclusive of the administration of any antiviral agent comprising a nucleoside, nucleotide, an immunodulator or an immunostimulant.

27. A method as set forth in claim 18 wherein said administration is substantially exclusive of the administration of an antiviral agent other than an agent or agent corresponding to Formula 1.

28. A method as set forth in claim 18 comprising treating a hepatitis B virus infection comprising administering to said mammal an anti-hepatitis B virus effective amount of at least one glucamine compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

29. A method as set forth in claim 18 comprising treating a hepatitis C virus infection comprising administering to said mammal an anti-hepatitis C virus effective amount of at least one glucamine compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

30. A method as set forth in claim 18 wherein R and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, aryloxyalkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, aminothiocarbonylalkyl, aminosulfonealkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkyl, heterocyclooxyalkyl, heterocyclothiaalkyl, arylthiaalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, carbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkynylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkyl, aryloxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, aminoalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonaylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylalkenylcarbonyl, carboxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminosulfonealkylcarbonyl, arylalkynylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclooxyalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclothiaalkylcarbonyl, arylthiaalkylcarbonyl, monohaloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, R⁷ or R⁸;

provided that not both R and R⁵ are hydrido.

31. A method as set forth in claim 18 wherein R and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aminoalkyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkyl, heterocyclooxyalkyl, heterocyclothiaalkyl, arylthiaalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkynylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, aminoalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylalkenylcarbonyl, carboxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminosulfonealkylcarbonyl, arylalkynylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylthiaalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclooxyalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclothiaalkylcarbonyl, arylthiaalkylcarbonyl, monohaloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, R⁷ or R⁸;

provided that where one of R or R⁵ is lower alkyl, R and R⁵ are not the same.

32. A method as set forth in claim 31;

provided that R and R⁵ are not the same.

33. A method as set forth in claim 18 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of aryloxyalkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, alkyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, aminothiocarbonylalkyl, aminosulfonealkyl, arylalkynyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkyl, heterocyclooxyalkyl, heterocyclothiaalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, arylthiaalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, carbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkynylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, aminoalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylalkenylcarbonyl, carboxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminosulfonealkylcarbonyl, arylalkynylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylthiaalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclooxyalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclothiaalkylcarbonyl, arylthiaalkylcarbonyl, monohaloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl;

and R⁵ is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, R⁷ or R⁸.

34. A method as set forth in claim 18 wherein R and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, aryloxyalkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, alkyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, aminocarboxylalkyl, aminothiocarbonylalkyl, aminosulfonealkyl, arylalkynyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkyl, heterocyclooxyalkyl, heterocyclothiaalkyl, arylthiaalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, carbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkynylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkyl, aryloxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, aminoalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylalkenylcarbonyl, carboxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminosulfonealkylcarbonyl, arylalkynylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylthiaalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclooxyalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclothiaalkylcarbonyl, arylthiaalkylcarbonyl, monohaloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, R⁷ or R⁸.

35. An N-substituted glucamine compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein;

R and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of aryloxyalkyl, monohaloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkynylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, arylalkyloxycarbonyl, aryloxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, perhaloalkylaralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, cycloalkenylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkynyl, bicycloalkenylalkyl, tricycloalkenylalkyl, tetracycloalkenylalkyl, bicycloalkenoxyalkyl, tricycloalkenoxyalkyl, tetracycloalkenyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkylalkynyl, aralkyl, aralkoxyalkyl, aralkoxyalkenyl, aralkoxyalkynyl, aralkenoxyalkyl, aralkenoxyalkenyl, heterocycloalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkynyl, aryloxyalkenyl, aryloxyalkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, dihydroxyalkyl,hydroxyalkenyl, dihydroxyalkenyl, hydroxyalkynyl, haloalkoxyalkenyl, haloalkoxyalkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, amino(alkyl), alkanoyl(amino)alkyl, (amino)carbonylalkyl, hydroxysulfonealkyl, (amino)carbonylaminoalkyl, R⁷ or R⁸, wherein

R⁷=R¹X¹(R²X²)_m(R³X³)_n(R⁴X⁴)_pR¹³;

R⁸=R⁹X⁹(R¹⁰X¹⁰)_q(R¹¹X¹¹)_r(R¹²X¹²)_sR¹³

R¹ and R⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydrogen or haloalkyl;

R², R³, R⁴, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene or haloalkylene;

X¹, X², X³, X⁴, X⁹, X¹⁰, X¹¹ and X¹² are independently oxygen, sulfur, sulfoxide or sulfone;

m, n, p, q, r and s are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3;

m+n+p≦

3

q+r+s≦

3

A, B, C, D and E are independently hydrido, lower alkyl or acyl;

A and B taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

B and C taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

C and D taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

C and E taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

D and E taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

wherein the main chain in R or R⁵ contains between one and twenty atoms;

and the main chain of each of R⁷ and R⁸ contains between four and twenty atoms and either of R¹X¹ or R⁹X⁹.

36. An N-substituted glucamine compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein;

R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aminoalkyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkyl, heterocyclooxyalkyl, heterocyclothiaalkyl, arylthiaalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkynylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, aminoalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylalkenylcarbonyl, carboxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminosulfonealkylcarbonyl, arylalkynylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylthiaalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclooxyalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclothiaalkylcarbonyl, arylthiaalkylcarbonyl, monohaloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, R⁷ or R⁸,

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of aminoalkyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkyl, heterocyclooxyalkyl, heterocyclothiaalkyl, arylthiaalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, alkynylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, aminoalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylalkenylcarbonyl, carboxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminosulfonealkylcarbonyl, arylalkynylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylthiaalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclooxyalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclothiaalkylcarbonyl, arylthiaalkylcarbonyl, monohaloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, R⁷ or R⁸,

R⁷=R¹X¹(R²X²)_m(R³X³)_n(R⁴X⁴)_pR¹³;

R⁸=R⁹X⁹(R¹⁰X¹⁰)_q(R¹¹X¹¹)_r(R¹²X¹²)_sR¹³

R¹ and R⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydrogen or haloalkyl;

R², R³, R⁴, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene or haloalkylene;

X¹, X², X³, X⁴, X⁹, X¹⁰, X¹¹ and X¹² are independently oxygen, sulfur, sulfoxide or sulfone;

m, n, p, q, r and s are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3;

m+n+p≦

3

q+r+s≦

3

A, B, C, D and E are independently hydrido, lower alkyl or acyl;

A and B taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

B and C taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

C and D taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

C and E taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

and D and E taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring.

37. An N-substituted glucamine compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein;

R is selected from the group consisting of H, aryloxyalkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, alkyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, aminothiocarbonylalkyl, aminosulfonealkyl, arylalkynyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkyl, heterocyclooxyalkyl, heterocyclothiaalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, arylthiaalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, carbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkynylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, aminoalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylalkenylcarbonyl, carboxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminosulfonealkylcarbonyl, arylalkynylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylthiaalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclooxyalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclothiaalkylcarbonyl, arylthiaalkylcarbonyl, monohaloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, R⁷ or R⁸, wherein

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of aryloxyalkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, arylalkenyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, aminothiocarbonylalkyl, aminosulfonealkyl, arylalkynyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkyl, heterocyclooxyalkyl, heterocyclothiaalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, arylthiaalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, alkynylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, aminoalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylalkenylcarbonyl, carboxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminosulfonealkylcarbonyl, arylalkynylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylthiaalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclooxyalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclothiaalkylcarbonyl, arylthiaalkylcarbonyl, monohaloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, R⁷ or R⁸, wherein

R⁷=R¹X¹(R²X²)_m(R³X³)_n(R⁴X⁴)_pR¹³;

R⁸=R⁹X⁹(R¹⁰X¹⁰)_q(R¹¹X₁₁)_r(R¹²X¹²)_sR¹³

R¹ and R⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydrogen or haloalkyl;

R², R³, R⁴, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene or haloalkylene;

X¹, X², X³, X⁴, X⁹, X¹⁰, X¹¹ and X¹² are independently oxygen, sulfur, sulfoxide or sulfone;

m, n, p, q, r and s are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3;

m+n+p≦

3

q+r+s≦

3

A, B, C, D and E are independently hydrido, lower alkyl or acyl;

A and B taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

B and C taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

C and D taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

C and E taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

D and E taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

wherein the main chain in R or R⁵ contains between one and twenty atoms;

and the main chain of each of R⁷ and R⁸ contains between four and twenty atoms and either of R¹X¹ or R⁹X⁹.

38. A compound as set forth in claim 37 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl or cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, and R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl or cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl.

39. A compound as set forth in claim 37 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of H, aryloxyalkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, alkyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, aminothiocarbonylalkyl, aminosulfonealkyl, arylalkynyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkyl, heterocyclooxyalkyl, heterocyclothiaalkyl, arylthiaalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, carbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, and R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of aryloxyalkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, arylalkenyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, aminothiocarbonylalkyl, aminosulfonealkyl, arylalkynyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkyl, heterocyclooxyalkyl, heterocyclothiaalkyl, arylthiaalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, carbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl.

40. A compound as set forth in claim 37 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aminoalkyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkyl, heterocyclooxyalkyl, heterocyclothiaalkyl, arylthiaalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, and R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aminoalkyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkyl, heterocyclooxyalkyl, heterocyclothiaalkyl, arylthiaalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl.

41. An N-substituted glucamine compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein;

R is selected from the group consisting of aryloxyalkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, aminothiocarbonylalkyl, aminosulfonealkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkyl, heterocyclooxyalkyl, heterocyclothiaalkyl, arylthiaalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, carbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkynylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkyl, aryloxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, aminoalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylalkenylcarbonyl, carboxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminosulfonealkylcarbonyl, arylalkynylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclooxyalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclothiaalkylcarbonyl, arylthiaalkylcarbonyl, monohaloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, R⁷ or R⁸, wherein

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of aryloxyalkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, aminothiocarbonylalkyl, aminosulfonealkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkyl, heterocyclooxyalkyl, heterocyclothiaalkyl, arylthiaalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkynylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkyl, aryloxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, aminoalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylalkenylcarbonyl, carboxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminosulfonealkylcarbonyl, arylalkynylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclooxyalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclothiaalkylcarbonyl, arylthiaalkylcarbonyl, monohaloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, R⁷ or R⁸, wherein

R⁷=R¹X¹(R²X²)_m(R³X³)_n(R⁴X⁴)_pR¹³;

R⁸=R⁹X⁹(R¹⁰X¹⁰)_q(R¹¹X¹¹)_r(R¹²X¹²)_sR¹³

R¹ and R⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydrogen or haloalkyl;

R², R³, R⁴, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene or haloalkylene;

X¹, X², X³, X⁴, X⁹, X¹⁰, X¹¹ and X¹² are independently oxygen, sulfur, sulfoxide or sulfone;

m, n, p, q, r and s are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3;

m+n+p≦

3

q+r+s≦

3

A, B, C, D and E are independently hydrido, lower alkyl or acyl;

A and B taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

B and C taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

C and D taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

C and E taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

D and E taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

wherein the main chain in R or R⁵ contains between one and twenty atoms;

and the main chain of each of R⁷ and R⁸ contains between four and twenty atoms and either of R¹X¹ or R⁹X⁹.

42. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-viral compound comprising an N-substituted glucamine compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and another antiviral compound selected from the group consisting of a nucleoside, a nucleotide, an immunomodulator, an immunostimulant, and mixtures thereof, said glucamine compound corresponding to Formula I:

wherein;

R and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, aryloxyalkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, alkyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, aminothiocarbonylalkyl, aminosulfonealkyl, arylalkynyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkyl, heterocyclooxyalkyl, heterocyclothiaalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, arylthiaalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, carbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkynylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonyl, aminoalkylcarbonyl, arylalkenylcarbonyl, carboxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminosulfonealkylcarbonyl, arylalkynylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylthiaalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclooxyalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclothiaalkylcarbonyl, arylthiaalkylcarbonyl, monohaloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, perhaloalkylaralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, cycloalkenylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkynyl, bicycloalkenylalkyl, tricycloalkenylalkyl, tetracycloalkenylalkyl, bicycloalkenoxyalkyl, tricycloalkenoxyalkyl, tetracycloalkenyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkylalkynyl, aralkyl, aralkoxyalkyl, aralkoxyalkenyl, aralkoxyalkynyl, aralkenoxyalkyl, aralkenoxyalkenyl, heterocycloalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkynyl, aryloxyalkenyl, aryloxyalkynyl, dihydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkenyl, dihydroxyalkenyl, hydroxyalkynyl, haloalkoxyalkenyl, haloalkoxyalkynyl, hydroxysulfonealkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylalkenylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylalkynylcarbonyl, bicycloalkenylalkylcarbonyl, tricycloalkenylalkylcarbonyl, tetracycloalkenylalkylcarbonyl, bicycloalkenoxyalkylcarbonyl, tricycloalkenoxyalkylcarbonyl, tetracycloalkenyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkenylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkynylcarbonyl, aralkylcarbonyl, aralkoxyalkylcarbonyl, aralkoxyalkenylcarbonyl, aralkoxyalkynylcarbonyl, aralkenoxyalkylcarbonyl, aralkenoxyalkenylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkenylcarbonyl, heteroarylalkenylcarbonyl, heteroarylalkynylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkenylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkynylcarbonyl, dihydroxyalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkenylcarbonyl, dihydroxyalkenylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkynylcarbonyl, haloalkoxyalkenylcarbonyl, haloalkoxyalkynylcarbonyl, hydroxysulfonealkylcarbonyl, R⁷ or R⁸, wherein

R⁷=R¹X¹(R²X²)_m(R³X³)_n(R⁴X⁴)_pR¹³;

R⁸=R⁹X⁹(R¹⁰X¹⁰)_q(R¹¹X¹¹)_r(R¹²X¹²)_sR¹³

R¹ and R⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydrogen or haloalkyl;

R², R³, R⁴, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene or haloalkylene;

X¹, X², X³, X⁴, X⁹, X¹⁰, X¹¹ and X¹² are independently oxygen, sulfur, sulfoxide or sulfone;

m, n, p, q, r and s are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3;

m+n+p≦

3

q+r+s≦

3

A, B, C, D and E are independently hydrido, lower alkyl or acyl;

A and B taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

B and C taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

C and D taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

C and E taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

and D and E taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring.

43. A composition as set forth in claim 42 wherein R and R⁵ are not both hydrido when all of A, B, C and D is hydrido.

44. A composition as set forth in claim 42 wherein the main chain in R contains between one and twenty atoms;

and the main chain of R⁵ contains between four and twenty atoms.

45. A composition as set forth in claim 42 wherein R and R⁵ are independently selected from among H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl.

46. A composition as set forth in claim 42 comprising a first amount of said compound of Formula I and a second amount of an antiviral compound selected from the group consisting of a nucleoside antiviral compound, a nucleotide antiviral compound, an immunomodulator, an immunostimulant, and mixtures thereof,

wherein said first and second amounts of said compounds together comprise an anti-hepatitis virus effective amount of said compounds.

47. A composition a set forth in claim 42 further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable, carrier, diluent or excipient.

48. A salt of an N-substituted glucamine compound and an antiviral compound selected from the group consisting of a nucleoside having an acid moiety and a nucleotide, said glucamine compound corresponding to Formula I:

wherein;

R and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, aryloxyalkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, alkyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, aminothiocarbonylalkyl, aminosulfonealkyl, arylalkynyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkyl, heterocyclooxyalkyl, heterocyclothiaalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, arylthiaalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, carbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkynylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonyl, aminoalkylcarbonyl, arylalkenylcarbonyl, carboxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminosulfonealkylcarbonyl, arylalkynylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylthiaalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclooxyalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclothiaalkylcarbonyl, arylthiaalkylcarbonyl, monohaloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, perhaloalkylaralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, cycloalkenylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkynyl, bicycloalkenylalkyl, tricycloalkenylalkyl, tetracycloalkenylalkyl, bicycloalkenoxyalkyl, tricycloalkenoxyalkyl, tetracycloalkenyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkylalkynyl, aralkyl, aralkoxyalkyl, aralkoxyalkenyl, aralkoxyalkynyl, aralkenoxyalkyl, aralkenoxyalkenyl, heterocycloalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkynyl, aryloxyalkenyl, aryloxyalkynyl, dihydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkenyl, dihydroxyalkenyl, hydroxyalkynyl, haloalkoxyalkenyl, haloalkoxyalkynyl, hydroxysulfonealkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylalkenylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylalkynylcarbonyl, bicycloalkenylalkylcarbonyl, tricycloalkenylalkylcarbonyl, tetracycloalkenylalkylcarbonyl, bicycloalkenoxyalkylcarbonyl, tricycloalkenoxyalkylcarbonyl, tetracycloalkenyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkenylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkynylcarbonyl, aralkylcarbonyl, aralkoxyalkylcarbonyl, aralkoxyalkenylcarbonyl, aralkoxyalkynylcarbonyl, aralkenoxyalkylcarbonyl, aralkenoxyalkenylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkenylcarbonyl, heteroarylalkenylcarbonyl, heteroarylalkynylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkenylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkynylcarbonyl, dihydroxyalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkenylcarbonyl, dihydroxyalkenylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkynylcarbonyl, haloalkoxyalkenylcarbonyl, haloalkoxyalkynylcarbonyl, hydroxysulfonealkylcarbonyl, R⁷ or R⁸, wherein

R⁷=R¹X¹(R²X²)_m(R³X³)_n(R⁴X⁴)_pR¹³;

R⁸=R⁹X⁹(R¹⁰X¹⁰)_q(R¹¹X¹¹)^r(R¹²X¹²)_pR¹³

R¹ and R⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydrogen or haloalkyl;

R², R³, R⁴, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene or haloalkylene;

X¹, X², X³, X⁴, X⁹, X¹⁰, X¹¹ and X¹² are independently oxygen, sulfur, sulfoxide or sulfone;

m, n, p, q, r and s are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3;

m+n+p≦

3

q+r+s≦

3

A, B, C, D and E are independently hydrido, lower alkyl or acyl;

A and B taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

B and C taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

C and D taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

C and E taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

and D and E taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring.

49. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an antiviral effective amount of the salt of claim 48.

50. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the salt of claim 48 further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.

51. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the salt of claim 48 further comprising an antiviral compound selected from the group consisting of a nucleoside antiviral compound, a nucleotide antiviral compound, and immunomodulator, an immunostimulant, and mixtures thereof.

52. A method for treating a hepatitis virus infection in a mammal, comprising administering to said mammal a first amount of at least one N-substituted glucamine compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein;

R and R⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, aryloxyalkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, alkyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkyl, aminothiocarbonylaminoalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, aminothiocarbonylalkyl, aminosulfonealkyl, arylalkynyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthiaalkyl, heterocyclooxyalkyl, heterocyclothiaalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, arylthiaalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxyalkyl, carbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkynylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, haloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylaminolkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonyl, aminoalkylcarbonyl, arylalkenylcarbonyl, carboxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminothiocarbonylalkylcarbonyl, aminosulfonealkylcarbonyl, arylalkynylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylthiaalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclooxyalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclothiaalkylcarbonyl, arylthiaalkylcarbonyl, monohaloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkyloxyalkylcarbonyl, perhaloalkylaralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, cycloalkenylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkynyl, bicycloalkenylalkyl, tricycloalkenylalkyl, tetracycloalkenylalkyl, bicycloalkenoxyalkyl, tricycloalkenoxyalkyl, tetracycloalkenyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkylalkynyl, aralkyl, aralkoxyalkyl, aralkoxyalkenyl, aralkoxyalkynyl, aralkenoxyalkyl, aralkenoxyalkenyl, heterocycloalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkynyl, aryloxyalkenyl, aryloxyalkynyl, dihydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkenyl, dihydroxyalkenyl, hydroxyalkynyl, haloalkoxyalkenyl, haloalkoxyalkynyl, hydroxysulfonealkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylalkenylcarbonyl, cycloalkenylalkynylcarbonyl, bicycloalkenylalkylcarbonyl, tricycloalkenylalkylcarbonyl, tetracycloalkenylalkylcarbonyl, bicycloalkenoxyalkylcarbonyl, tricycloalkenoxyalkylcarbonyl, tetracycloalkenyloxyalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkenylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkynylcarbonyl, aralkylcarbonyl, aralkoxyalkylcarbonyl, aralkoxyalkenylcarbonyl, aralkoxyalkynylcarbonyl, aralkenoxyalkylcarbonyl, aralkenoxyalkenylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkenylcarbonyl, heteroarylalkenylcarbonyl, heteroarylalkynylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkenylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkynylcarbonyl, dihydroxyalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkenylcarbonyl, dihydroxyalkenylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkynylcarbonyl, haloalkoxyalkenylcarbonyl, haloalkoxyalkynylcarbonyl, hydroxysulfonealkylcarbonyl, R⁷ or R⁸, wherein

R⁷=R¹X¹(R²X²)_m(R³X³)_n(R⁴X⁴)_pR¹³;

R⁸=R⁹X⁹(R¹⁰X¹⁰)_q(R¹¹X¹¹)_r(R¹²X¹²)_sR¹³

R¹ and R⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydrogen or haloalkyl;

R², R³, R⁴, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene or haloalkylene;

X¹, X², X³, X⁴, X⁹, X¹⁰, X¹¹ and X¹² are independently oxygen, sulfur, sulfoxide or sulfone;

m, n, p, q, r and s are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3;

m+n+p≦

3

q+r+s≦

3

A, B, C, D and E are independently hydrido, lower alkyl or acyl;

A and B taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

B and C taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

C and D taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

C and E taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

D and E taken together with the atoms to which they are attached may form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring;

wherein the main chain in R or R⁵ contains between one and twenty atoms;

the main chain of each of R⁷ and R⁸ contains between four and twenty atoms and either of R¹X¹ or R⁹X⁹; and

a second amount of an antiviral compound selected from the group consisting of a nucleoside antiviral compound, a nucleotide antiviral compound, an immunomodulator, an immunostimulant, and mixtures thereof.

53. A method as set forth in claim 52 wherein said first and second amounts of said compounds together comprise an anti-hepatitis virus effective amount of said compounds.

54. A method as set forth in claim 52 wherein said nucleoside or nucleotide antiviral compound is selected from the group consisting of:

(+)-cis-5-fluoro-1-[2-(hydroxy-methyl)-[1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]cytosine;

(−

)-2′

-deoxy-3′

-thiocytidine-5′

-triphosphate (3TC);

(−

)-cis-5-fluoro-1-[2-(hydroxy-methyl)-[1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]cytosine (FTC);

(−

)2′

,3′

, dideoxy-3′

-thiacytidine [(−

)-SddC];

1-(2′

-deoxy-2′

-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine (FIAC);

1-(2′

-deoxy-2′

-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine triphosphate (FIACTP);

1-(2′

-deoxy-2′

-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-methyluracil (FMAU);

1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide;

2′

,3′

-dideoxy-3′

-fluoro-5-methyl-dexocytidine (FddMeCyt);

2′

,3′

-dideoxy-3′

-chloro-5-methyl-dexocytidine (ClddMeCyt);

2′

,3′

-dideoxy-3′

-amino-5-methyl-dexocytidine (AddMeCyt);

2′

,3′

-dideoxy-3′

-fluorothymidine (FddThd);

2′

,3′

-dideoxy-beta-L-5-fluorocytidine (beta-L-FddC);

2′

,3′

-dideoxy-beta-L-5-thiacytidine;

2′

,3′

-dideoxy-beta-L-5-cytidine (beta-L-ddC);

9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine;

2′

-deoxy-3′

-thia-5-fluorocytosine;

2-amino-1,9-(2-hydroxymethyl-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl]-6H-purin-6-one (gancyclovir);

2-[2-(2-amino-9H-purin-9y)ethyl]-1,3-propandil diacetate (famciclovir);

2-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-[(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)methyl]6H-purin-6-one (acyclovir);

9-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-but-1-yl)guanine (penciclovir);

9-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-but-1-yl)-6-deoxy-guanine, diacetate (famciclovir);

3′

-azido-3′

-deoxythymidine (AZT);

9-(2-phosphonyl-methoxyethyl)-2′

,6′

-diaminopurine-2′

,3′

-dideoxyriboside;

9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA);

acyclovir triphosphate (ACVTP);

D-carbocyclic-2′

-deoxyguanosine (CdG);

dideoxy-cytidine;

dideoxy-cytosine (ddC);

dideoxy-guanine (ddG);

dideoxy-inosine (ddI);

E-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2′

-deoxyuridine triphosphate;

fluoro-arabinofuranosyl-iodouracil;

1-(2′

-deoxy-2′

-fluoro-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodo-uracil (FIAU);

stavudine;

9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-9H-purine-6-amine monohydrate (Ara-A);

9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-9H-purine-6-amine-5′

-monophosphate monohydrate (Ara-AMP);

2-deoxy-3′

-thia-5-fluorocytidine;

2′

,3′

-dideoxy-guanine; and

2′

,3′

-dideoxy-guanosine.

55. A method as set forth in claim 52 comprising administering to said mammal from about 0.1 mg/kg/day to about 100 mg/kg/day of at least one N-substituted glucamine compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;

and

from about 0.1 mg/person/day to about 500 mg/person/day of a compound selected from the group consisting of a nucleoside antiviral compound, a nucleotide antiviral compound, and a mixture thereof.

56. A method as set forth in claim 55 comprising administering between about 0.1 mg/person/day and about 500 mg/person/day of (−

)-2′

-deoxy-3′

-thiocytidine-5′

-triphosphate.

57. A method as set forth in claim 52 comprising treating a hepatitis B virus infection comprising administering to said mammal an anti-hepatitis B virus effective amount of at least one N-substituted glucamine compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

58. A method as set forth in claim 52 comprising treating a hepatitis C virus infection comprising administering to said mammal an anti-hepatitis C virus effective amount of at least one N-substituted glucamine compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.