Method and apparatus for non-invasive determination of glucose in body fluids
First Claim
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1. A method for non-invasively monitoring glucose in a body fluid of a subject, the method comprising:
- measuring impedance between two electrodes in conductive contact with a skin surface of the subject at a plurality of frequencies wherein all said frequencies are in a range from about 10 Hz to about 5 MHZ; and
determining the amount of glucose in the body fluid based upon the measured impedance.
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Abstract
A method and apparatus is disclosed for non-invasively determining glucose levels in a fluid of a subject, typically the blood glucose level. The impedance of skin tissue is measured and the measurement is used with impedance measurements previously correlated with directly determined glucose levels to determine the glucose level from the newly measured impedance. It is thus possible, to routinely non-invasively determine fluid glucose levels.
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Citations
125 Claims
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1. A method for non-invasively monitoring glucose in a body fluid of a subject, the method comprising:
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measuring impedance between two electrodes in conductive contact with a skin surface of the subject at a plurality of frequencies wherein all said frequencies are in a range from about 10 Hz to about 5 MHZ; and
determining the amount of glucose in the body fluid based upon the measured impedance. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
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24. A method for non-invasively monitoring glucose in a body fluid of a subject, the method comprising:
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measuring impedance between two electrodes in conductive contact with a skin surface of the subject at a plurality of frequencies wherein at least one of the frequencies is below about 100 kHz; and
determining the amount of glucose in the body fluid based upon the measured impedance. - View Dependent Claims (25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46)
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47. A method for non-invasively monitoring glucose in a body fluid of a subject, the method comprising:
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measuring impedance between two electrodes in conductive contact with a skin surface of the subject at a plurality of frequencies wherein at least one of the frequencies is about 20 kHz; and
determining the amount of glucose in the body fluid based upon the measured impedance. - View Dependent Claims (48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69)
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70. A method for non-invasively monitoring glucose in a body fluid of a subject, the method comprising:
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treating a surface of the skin of the subject with a saline solution and wiping the treated surface to reduce variability that may be introduced into impedance measurements by the stratum corneum;
measuring impedance between two electrodes in conductive contact with the skin surface; and
determining the amount of glucose in the body fluid based upon the measured impedance. - View Dependent Claims (71, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92)
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73. The method of 72 wherein determining the amount of glucose includes comparing the measured impedance with a predetermined relationship between impedance and blood glucose level.
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93. An apparatus for non-invasive monitoring of glucose in a body fluid of a subject, the apparatus comprising:
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means for measuring impedance of skin tissue, at a plurality of frequencies wherein all said frequencies are in a range from about 10 Hz to about 5 MHZ, in response to a voltage applied thereto; and
a microprocessor operatively connected to the means for measuring impedance, for determining the amount of glucose in the body fluid based upon the impedance measurement. - View Dependent Claims (94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103)
means for calibrating the apparatus against a directly measured glucose level of a said subject.
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103. The apparatus of claim 93, wherein the microprocessor is programmed to determine the glucose level of a subject based on the sum of a fraction of the magnitude of the measured impedance and a fraction of the phase of the measured impedance.
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104. An apparatus for non-invasive monitoring of glucose in a body fluid of a subject, the apparatus comprising:
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means for measuring impedance of skin tissue, at a plurality of frequencies wherein at least one of the frequencies is below about 100 kHz, in response to a voltage supplied thereto; and
a microprocessor operatively connected to the means for measuring impedance, for determining the amount of glucose in the body fluid based upon the impedance measurement. - View Dependent Claims (105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114)
means for calibrating the apparatus against a directly measured glucose level of a said subject.
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114. The apparatus of claim 104, wherein the microprocessor is programmed to determine the glucose level of a subject based on the sum of a fraction of the magnitude of the measured impedance and a fraction of the phase of the measured impedance.
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115. An apparatus for non-invasive monitoring of glucose in a body fluid of a subject, the apparatus comprising:
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means for measuring impedance of skin tissue, at a plurality of frequencies wherein at least one of the frequencies is about 20 kHz, in response to a voltage applied thereto; and
a microprocessor operatively connected to the means for measuring impedance, for determining the amount of glucose in the body fluid based upon the impedance measurement. - View Dependent Claims (116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125)
means for calibrating the apparatus against a directly measured glucose level of a said subject.
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125. The apparatus of claim 115, wherein the microprocessor is programmed to determine the glucose level of a subject based on the sum of a fraction of the magnitude of the measured impedance and a fraction of the phase of the measured impedance.
Specification