Dual encapsulation for an LED

• US 6,518,600 B1
• Filed: 11/17/2000
• Issued: 02/11/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 11/17/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Shaddock, David Mulford
• Primary Examiner(s): Fahmy, Wael
• Assistant Examiner(s): Pham, Thanh V
• Application Number:
  US09/714,434
• Time in Patent Office: 816 Days
• Field of Search: 257/79-85, 257/98-100, 257/459-460, 257/729, 257/790-796, 438/26, 438/29, 438/116, 438/121-127, 438/FOR.287, 438/369, 438/416-7, 350/239, 350/216, 350/214.1
• US Class Current: 257/98
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/48091 Arched
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/48247 connecting the wire to a bond pad of the item
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/00014 the subject-matter covered by the group, the symbol of which is combined with the symbol of this group, being disclosed without further technical details
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/12041 LED
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 33/56 Materials, e.g. epoxy or silicone resin
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 33/641 characterized by the materials

Abstract

An encapsulated device comprises a solid state device, a first encapsulating material and a second encapsulating material having a higher thermal conductivity than the first encapsulating material. The solid state device may be an LED. The first encapsulating material located above the LED may be transparent to LED light or radiation, while the second encapsulating material located below the LED may have a high thermal conductivity to decrease the LED operating temperature.

Claims

1. An encapsulated device, comprising:

a solid state device, wherein the solid state device comprises a semiconductor light emitting diode chip;

a first encapsulating material;

a second encapsulating material having a higher thermal conductivity than the first encapsulating material;

a shell containing the first and second encapsulating materials; and

a lead frame electrically connected to the light emitting diode chip and in contact with the second encapsulating material;

wherein the first encapsulating material absorbs less light emitting diode radiation than the second transparent or opaque encapsulating material; and

wherein the first encapsulating material is located above a radiation emitting surface of the light emitting diode chip and the second encapsulating material is located below the radiation emitting surface of the light emitting diode chip.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the first and second encapsulating materials comprise polymer materials.

3. The device of claim 2, wherein the first encapsulating material comprises BPA epoxy arid the second encapsulating material comprises epoxy containing thermally conductive metal, silica or diamond particles.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein a specific gravity of the first encapsulating material is lower than a specific gravity of the second encapsulating material.

5. The device of claim 1, further comprising a phosphor above the radiation emitting surface of the light emitting diode chip.

6. A packaged light emitting diode, comprising:

a light emitting diode chip;

a lead frame electrically coupled to the light emitting diode chip;

a first encapsulating material above a radiation emitting surface of the light emitting diode chip;

a second encapsulating material below the radiation emitting surface of the light emitting diode chip having a higher thermal conductivity than the first encapsulating material; and

a shell containing the first and second encapsulating materials.

7. The device of claim 6, wherein:

the first encapsulating material comprises BPA epoxy; and

the second encapsulating material comprises epoxy containing metal, silica or diamond particles.

8. The device of claim 7, wherein a specific gravity of the first encapsulating material is lower than a specific gravity of the second encapsulating material.

9. The device of claim 6, further comprising a phosphor interspersed with the first encapsulating material.

10. The device of claim 6, having a mean thermal resistance of 160 to 225°

C./Watt.

11. A method of encapsulating a semiconductor device, comprising:

placing the semiconductor device into a package;

placing a first encapsulating material into the package; and

placing a second encapsulating material having a higher thermal conductivity than the first encapsulating material into the package;

wherein the semiconductor device comprises a light emitting diode chip and a lead frame electrically coupled to the light emitting diode chip;

wherein the first encapsulating material is located above a radiation emitting surface of the light emitting diode chip;

wherein the second encapsulating material is located below the radiation emitting surface of the light emitting diode chip; and

the package comprises a shell containing the first and second encapsulating materials.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising partially curing the first encapsulating material after placing the first encapsulating material and the light emitting diode chip into the shell.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising fully curing the first and second encapsulating materials after placing the second encapsulating material into the shell.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein:

a specific gravity of the first encapsulating material is lower than the specific gravity of the second encapsulating material; and

the step of placing the first encapsulating material into the package comprises injecting the first encapsulating material into the package such that the first encapsulating material rises to the top of the package.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein:

the steps of placing the first encapsulating material and placing the second encapsulating material into the package occur simultaneously, such that the second encapsulating material separates from the first encapsulating material and lowers to the bottom of the package; and

further comprising fully curing the first and second encapsulating materials.

16. The method of claim 11, further comprising interspersing a phosphor with the first encapsulating material.

17. The method of claim 11, wherein:

the first encapsulating material comprises BPA epoxy; and

the second encapsulating material comprises epoxy containing thermally conductive metal, silica or diamond particles.

18. A method of encapsulating a semiconductor device, comprising:

placing the semiconductor device into an enclosure;

simultaneously placing a first encapsulating material and a second encapsulating material having a higher thermal conductivity than the first encapsulating material into the enclosure;

wherein a specific gravity of the first encapsulating material is lower than a specific gravity of the second encapsulating material such that the first encapsulating material with the lower specific gravity separates above the second encapsulating material with the higher specific gravity;

wherein the semiconductor device comprises a semiconductor light emitting diode chip;

wherein the first encapsulating material absorbs less light emitting diode radiation than the second transparent or opaque encapsulating material; and

wherein the first encapsulating material is located above a radiation emitting surface of the light emitting diode chip and the second encapsulating material is located below the radiation emitting surface of the light emitting diode chip.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the semiconductor device comprises a light emitting diode chip and the enclosure comprises a transparent shell.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising holding the shell with a radiation emitting side up during the step of placing the first and second encapsulating materials, such that the first encapsulating material having a lower specific gravity than the second encapsulating material rises toward the radiation emitting side of the shell.

21. An encapsulated device, comprising:

a solid state device, wherein the solid state device comprises a semiconductor light emitting diode chip;

a first encapsulating material; and

a second encapsulating material having a higher thermal conductivity than the first encapsulating material;

wherein the first encapsulating material absorbs less light emitting diode radiation than the second transparent or opaque encapsulating material;

wherein the first encapsulating material is located above a radiation emitting surface of the light emitting diode chip and the second encapsulating material is located below the radiation emitting surface of the light emitting diode chip;

wherein the first and second encapsulating materials comprise polymer materials; and

wherein the first encapsulating material comprises BPA epoxy and the second encapsulating material comprises epoxy containing thermally conductive metal, silica or diamond particles.

22. The device of claim 21, further comprising a carrier substrate containing at least two electrodes and a cavity containing the light emitting diode chip.

23. An encapsulated device, comprising:

a solid state device, wherein the solid state device comprises a semiconductor light emitting diode chip;

a first encapsulating material; and

a second encapsulating material having a higher thermal conductivity than the first encapsulating material;

wherein the first encapsulating material absorbs less light emitting diode radiation than the second transparent or opaque encapsulating material;

wherein the first encapsulating material is located above a radiation emitting surface of the light emitting diode chip and the second encapsulating material is located below the radiation emitting surface of the light emitting diode chip;

wherein the first and second encapsulating materials comprise polymer materials; and

wherein a specific gravity of the first encapsulating material is lower than a specific gravity of the second encapsulating material.

24. A packaged light emitting diode, comprising:

a light emitting diode chip;

a lead frame electrically coupled to the light emitting diode chip;

a first encapsulating material above a radiation emitting surface of the light emitting diode chip; and

a second encapsulating material below the radiation emitting surface of the light emitting diode chip having a higher thermal conductivity than the first encapsulating material;

wherein the device has a mean thermal resistance of 160 to 225°

C./Watt.