Tube-encased fiber grating

• US 6,519,388 B1
• Filed: 12/06/1999
• Issued: 02/11/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 12/04/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Weatherford Technology Holdings, LLC (Weatherford International PLC)
• Original Assignee: Cidra Sarl (Nordic Cultural & Educational Foundation)
• Inventors: Ogle, Peter, Kersey, Alan D., Fernald, Mark R., Bailey, Timothy J., Putnam, Martin A., Davis, Michael A., Sanders, Paul E., Brucato, Robert N., Sullivan, James M., Miller, Matthew B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee, John D.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Kang, Juliana K.
• Application Number:
  US09/455,865
• Time in Patent Office: 1,163 Days
• Field of Search: 385/37, 385/123-128, 359/566, 359/576, 264/434, 427/461, 654/28, 65/335, 65/36
• US Class Current: 385/37
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0218 using mounting means, e.g. by using a combination of materials having different thermal expansion coefficients
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/022 using mechanical stress, e.g. tuning by compression or elongation, special geometrical shapes such as "dog-bone" or taper G02B6/02204 takes precedence; optical modulation using photo-elastic effect G02F1/0131

Abstract

A tube-encased fiber grating includes an optical fiber 10 having at least one Bragg grating 12 impressed therein which is embedded within a glass capillary tube 20. Light 14 is incident on the grating 12 and light 16 is reflected at a reflection wavelength λ1. The shape of the tube 20 may be other geometries (e.g., a “dogbone” shape) and/or more than one concentric tube may be used or more than one grating or pair of gratings may be used. The fiber 10 may be doped at least between a pair of gratings 150,152, encased in the tube 20 to form a tube-encased compression-tuned fiber laser or the grating 12 or gratings 150,152 may be constructed as a tunable DFB fiber laser encased in the tube 20. Also, the tube 20 may have an inner region 22 which is tapered away from the fiber 10 to provide strain relief for the fiber 10, or the tube 20 may have tapered (or fluted) sections 27 which have an outer geometry that decreases down to the fiber 10 and provides added fiber pull strength. Also, the tube-encased grating 12 exhibits lower mode coupling from the fiber core to the cladding modes due to the increased diameter of the cladding where the tube 20 is fused to the fiber 10 where the grating is located 12.

Claims

1. A tube-encased fiber optic device, comprising:

an optical fiber, having at least one Bragg grating embedded therein; and

a tube, having said optical fiber and said Bragg grating encased therein along a longitudinal axis of said tube, said tube being fused to at least a portion of said fiber at a location where at least a portion of said Bragg grating is located.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said tube is made of a glass material.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said tube is fused to said optical fiber on opposite axial sides of said Bragg grating.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said optical fiber is made of a glass material.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said tube has at least one outer tapered axial section.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said tube has at least one axially extended end.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said tube has at least one inner tapered axial section.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of said tube has a cylindrical shape.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the shape of said tube comprises a dogbone shape.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said fiber has at least one pair of Bragg gratings encased in said tube and said fiber is doped with a rare-earth dopant at least between said pair of Bragg gratings to form a fiber laser.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said fiber laser lases at a lasing wavelength which changes as force on said tube changes.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of said fiber is doped with a rare-earth dopant where said Bragg grating is located and said Bragg grating is configured to form a DFB fiber laser.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein said DFB fiber laser lases at a lasing wavelength which changes as force on said tube changes.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said tube is fused to said fiber where said Bragg grating is located and said tube has an outer diameter such that optical coupling to cladding modes is less than optical coupling to cladding modes that exists when said tube is fused to said fiber where said Bragg grating is located.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said tube is fused to said fiber where said Bragg grating is located and said tube has an outer diameter such that optical coupling to cladding modes is substantially eliminated.

16. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said fiber has a plurality of Bragg gratings encased in said tube.

17. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said fiber has at least one pair of Bragg gratings encased in said tube and configured in a Fabry Perot arrangement.

18. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of said fiber is doped with a rare-earth dopant where said Bragg grating is located and said Bragg grating is configured to form said DFB fiber laser.

19. A method of encasing an optical Bragg grating in a tube, comprising:

a) obtaining an optical fiber having a predetermined grating location where a Bragg grating is to be embedded therein;

b) placing a tube around said fiber at said grating location;

c) heating the tube until the tube fuses to at least a portion of the fiber at said grating location such that said predetermined grating location is encased in said tube; and

d) embedding a Bragg grating in the fiber at said grating location.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein said step (d) is performed between steps (a) and (b).

21. The method of claim 19 comprising exerting a collapsing force on said tube during said heating step.

22. The method of claim 19 wherein a longitudinal axis of said tube and said fiber is oriented vertically.

23. The method of claim 19 wherein said heating step is performed by a laser.

24. The method of claim 19 wherein said tube is fused to said optical fiber on opposite axial sides of said Bragg grating.

25. The method of claim 19 wherein said step of embedding comprises embedding at least one pair of said Bragg gratings at a corresponding number of grating locations in said fiber and said fiber is doped with a rare earth dopant at least between said pair of Bragg gratings to form a fiber laser.

26. A tube-encased optical Bragg grating, made by a process, comprising the steps of:

a) obtaining an optical fiber having a predetermined grating location where a Bragg grating is to be embedded therein;

b) placing a tube around said fiber at said grating location;

c) heating the tube until the tube fuses to at least a portion of the fiber at said grating location such that said predetermined grating location is encased in said tube; and

d) embedding a Bragg grating in the fiber at said grating location.

27. The product by process of claim 26, wherein said step (d) is performed between steps (a) and (b).

28. The product by process of claim 26 comprising exerting a collapsing force on said tube during said heating step.

29. The product by process of claim 26 wherein a longitudinal axis of said tube and said fiber is oriented vertically.

30. The product by process of claim 26 wherein said heating step is performed by a laser.

31. The product by process of claim 26 wherein said tube and said fiber are rotated about a longitudinal axis of said fiber and said tube during said heating step.

32. The product by process of claim 26 wherein said tube is fused to said optical fiber on opposite axial sides of said Bragg grating.

33. A method for encasing an fiber optic Bragg grating in a tube, comprising:

a) obtaining an optical fiber, having at least one Bragg grating embedded therein;

b) placing the tube around said fiber at least where said Bragg grating is located; and

c) heating the tube at a predetermined temperature until the tube fuses to at least a portion of said fiber at the location where at least a portion of said Bragg grating is located, such that said Bragg grating is encased in said tube.

34. The method of claim 33 further comprising exerting a collapsing force on said tube during said heating step.

35. The method of claim 33 wherein a longitudinal axis of said tube and said fiber is oriented vertically.

36. The method of claim 33 wherein said heating step is performed by a laser.

37. The method of claim 33 wherein said tube is fused to said optical fiber on opposite axial sides of said Bragg grating.

38. A tube-encased fiber optic device, comprising:

an optical fiber, having at least one Bragg grating embedded therein;

a tube, having said optical fiber and said Bragg grating encased therein along a longitudinal axis of said tube, said tube being fused to at least a portion of said fiber at a location where at least a portion of sid Bragg grating is located; and

said at least one Bragg grating being configured as a;

fiber laser, DFB fiber laser, or Fabry Perot arrangement.

39. The apparatus of claim 38 wherein said tube is fused to said optical fiber on opposite axial sign of said Bragg grating.

40. The apparatus of claim 38 wherein said fiber has at least one pair of Bragg gratings encased in said tube and said fiber is doped with a rare-earth dopant at least between said pair of Bragg gratings to form said fiber laser.

41. The apparatus of claim 38 in said fiber has at least one pair of Bragg gratings encased in said tube and configured in said Fabry Perot arrangement.