Method of transmitting and receiving data, system and receiver therefor

• US 6,522,698 B1
• Filed: 11/25/1998
• Issued: 02/18/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 05/31/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: LoJack Corporation (Solera Holdings Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: LoJack Operating Company, LP (Solera Holdings Incorporated)
• Inventors: Irving, Clive Russell, Mace, Timothy Charles, Smithers, Colin Richard, Spreadbury, David John
• Primary Examiner(s): Ghayour, Mohammad H.
• Application Number:
  US09/194,242
• Time in Patent Office: 1,546 Days
• Field of Search: 375/272, 375/130, 375/135, 375/136, 375/147, 375/146, 375/219, 375/260, 375/303, 375/324
• US Class Current: 375/272
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 1/045 Receivers
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/26 for superheterodyne receivers multiple frequency-changing H03D7/16
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/3827 Portable transceivers

Abstract

A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving data, wherein a narrow band data signal is transmitted at an unknown frequency within a known range of frequencies and received, and, at the receiver, the range of frequencies is divided into plural frequency bands each of width less than the uncertainty in the transmission frequency of the data signal, with the presence of said data signal detected in at least one of said frequency bands and thereupon demodulated.

Claims

1. A method of transmitting and receiving data, the method comprising the steps of:

transmitting a narrow band data signal at an unknown-frequency-within a known range of frequencies;

receiving the data signal within the known range of frequencies;

dividing at a receiver the range of frequencies into plural frequency bands each of width less than the uncertainty in the transmission frequency of the data signal;

detecting the presence of said data signal in at least one of said frequency bands; and

demodulating the detected data signal, wherein the demodulating step includes the step of centering at least one narrow band filter on the detected signal frequency bands and wherein the time of data signals in the narrow frequency bands is determined in the detection step and used in the demodulation step.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step of detecting the presence of data signals in at least one of said frequency bands comprises the step of detecting the presence of a data signal in plural frequency bands, the amplitude of the data signal in each band being compared with a normalized value to determine a quality value of the data signal in each band.

3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the transmitted data signal includes a transmitted flag sequence and wherein a “

center-of-gravity”

calculation is performed on the quality values to provide a central frequency and a central time for each flag sequence, the results of the center-of-gravity calculation being utilized during demodulation of the data signal.

4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the data signal is formed by modulating a carrier by FSK (frequency shift keying).

5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the frequency of the transmitted data signal is varied between successive transmissions.

19. In a vehicle tracking apparatus, a method of transmitting and receiving data according to claim 1.

33. A method according to claim 1, wherein the frequency of each narrow band filter in the demodulation step is determined in the detection step.

6. A method of transmitting and receiving data, the method comprising the steps of:

transmitting a narrow band data signal at an unknown frequency within a known range of frequencies;

receiving the data signal within the known range of frequencies;

dividing at a receiver the range of frequencies into plural frequency bands each of width less than the uncertainty in the transmission frequency of the data signal;

detecting the presence of said data signal in at least one of said frequency bands; and

,

demodulating the detected data signal, wherein the data signal is transmitted as two sub-channels, the detection and demodulation steps being carried out on each sub-channel, the respective demodulated data signals being weighted and summed according to the quality of the signals determined in the detection step.

7. A method according to claim 6, wherein the received signal includes plural narrow band data signals each occupying a distinct portion of the channel, the receiver receiving said narrow band data signals substantially concurrently.

8. A method according to claim 6, wherein plural demodulation steps are carried out following each detection step.

9. A method according to claim 6, wherein the data signal comprises a data packet following a flag sequence of bits and the detection step detects the existence of the flag sequence.

10. A method according to claim 9, wherein individual narrow frequency bands are compared with a wanted flag signal at regular intervals.

11. A method according to claim 9, wherein the data packet is transmitted between leading and trailing flag sequences, and the detection step requires the detection of both flag sequences.

12. A method according to claim 11, wherein it is required that both the leading and trailing flag sequences are detected to verify the presence of a data packet.

13. A method according to claim 9, wherein the data signal has plural data packets separated from each other by flag sequences.

14. A method according to claim 9, wherein the step of detecting the presence of data signals in iindividual narrow frequency bands comprises the step of detecting the presence of a flag sequence in plural narrow frequency bands, the amplitude of the flag sequence bits in each band being compared with a normalised value to determine a quality value of the flag sequence bits in each band, the quality values being plotted against frequency and time.

15. A method according to claim 14, wherein a “

centre-of-gravity”

calculation is performed on the quality values to provide a central frequency and a central time for each flag sequence, the results of the centre-of-gravity calculation being utilised during demodulation of the data signal.

16. Apparatus for transmitting and receiving and demodulating transmissions, the apparatus comprising:

a transmitter for transmitting a narrow band data signal at an unknown frequency within a known range of frequencies; and

,

a receiver for receiving the data signal within the known range of frequencies, the receiver having means for dividing the range of frequencies into plural frequency bands each of width less than the uncertainty in the transmission frequency of the data signal;

means for detecting the presences of said data signal in at least one of said frequency bands; and

means for demodulating the detected data signal, wherein the receiver has detection and demodulation means for detecting and demodulating data signals transmitted in two sub-channels, and further comprising adding means for weighting and summing the respective demodulated data signals according to the quality of the signals determined in the detection steps.

17. Apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the means for detecting the presences of a data signal in plural narrow frequency bands includes means for comparing the amplitude of the data signal in each band with a normalized value to determine a quality value of the data signal in each band.

18. A vehicle tracking apparatus having apparatus according to claim 16.

34. Apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the said receiver includes an analogue to digital converter (ADC), and said dividing means comprises a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).

35. Apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the demodulation means comprises a filter arranged to pass only a central frequency determined by said detecting means.

36. Apparatus according to claim 16, wherein said division, said detection, and said demodulation means are provided by a digital signal processor.

20. A method of receiving data transmitted as a narrow band data signal at an unknown frequency within a known range of frequencies, the method comprising the steps of:

receiving the data signal within the known range of frequencies;

dividing at a receiver the range of frequencies into plural frequency bands each of width less that the uncertainty in the transmission frequency of the data signal;

detecting the presence of said data signal in at least one of said frequency bands; and

,

demodulating the detected data signal, wherein the transmitted data signal includes a transmitted flag sequence and a “

center-of-gravity”

calculation is performed on the quality values to provide a central frequency and a central time for each flag sequence, the results of the center-of-gravity calculation being utilized during demodulation of the data signal.

37. A method according to claim 20, wherein the demodulating step includes the step of centering at least one narrow band filter on the detected data signal frequency bands.

38. A method according to claim 20, wherein the step of detecting the presence of data signals in at least one of the frequency bands comprises the step of detecting the presence of a data signal in plural narrow frequency bands, the amplitude of the data signal in each band being compared with a normalized value to determine a quality value of the data signal in each band.

42. A method according to claim 37, wherein the frequency of the narrow band filter in the demodulating step is determined in the detecting step.

43. A method according to claim 37, wherein detection time of the data signal in the narrow band frequency is determined in the detecting step and used in demodulating step.

21. A method of receiving data transmitted as a narrow band data signal at an unknown frequency within a known range of frequencies, the method comprising the steps of:

receiving the data signal within the known range of frequencies;

dividing at a receiver the range of frequencies into plural frequency bands each of width less that the uncertainty in the transmission frequency of the data signal;

detecting the presence of said data signal in at least one of said frequency bands; and

,

demodulating the detected data signal, wherein the data signal is transmitted as two sub-channels, the detection and demodulation steps being carried out on each sub-channel, the respective demodulated data signals being weighted and summed according to the quality of the signals determined in the detection step.

22. A method according to claim 21, wherein the received signal includes plural narrow band data signals each occupying a distinct portion of the channel, the receiver receiving said narrow band data signals substantially concurrently.

23. A method according to claim 22, wherein plural demodulation steps are carried out following each detection step.

24. A method according to claim 23, wherein the data signal comprises a data packet following a flag sequence of bits and the detection step detects the existence of the flag sequence.

25. A method according to claim 24, wherein individual narrow frequency bands are compared with a wanted flag signal at regular intervals.

26. A method according to claim 24, wherein the data packet is transmitted between leading and trailing flag sequences, and the detection step requires the detection of both flag sequences.

27. A method according to claim 26, wherein it is required that both the leading and trailing flag sequences are detected to verify the presence of a data packet.

28. A method according to claim 27, wherein the data signal has plural data packets separated from each other by flag sequences.

29. A method according to claim 27, wherein the step of detecting the presence of data signals in individual narrow frequency bands comprises the step of detecting the presence of a flag sequence in plural narrow frequency bands, the amplitude of the flag sequence bits in each band being compared with a normalized value to determine a quality value of the flag sequence bits in each band, the quality values being plotted against frequency and time.

30. A method according to claim 29, wherein a “

centre-of-gravity”

calculation is performed on the quality values to provide a central frequency and a central time for each flag sequence, the result of the centre-of-gravity calculation being utilised during demodulation of the data signal.

31. A receiver for receiving and demodulating a narrow band data signal transmitted at an unknown frequency within a known range of frequencies, the receiver comprising:

means for dividing the range of frequencies into plural frequency bands each of width less than the uncertainty in the transmission frequency of the data signal;

means for detecting the presence of said data signal in at least one of said frequency bands; and

,

means for demodulating the detected data signal.

32. A receiver for receiving and demodulating a narrow band data signal transmitted at an unknown frequency within a known range of frequencies, the receiver comprising:

means for dividing the range of frequencies into plural frequency bands each of width less than the uncertainty in the transmission frequency of the data signal;

means for detecting the presence of said data signal in at least one of said frequency bands; and

,

means for demodulating the detected data signal, and comprising detection and demodulation means for detecting and demodulating data signals transmitted in two sub-channels, and further comprising adding means for weighting and summing the respective demodulated data signals according to the quality of the signals determined in the detection steps.

39. A receiver according to claim 32, comprising an analogue to digital converter (ADC), and said dividing means comprises a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).

40. A receiver according to claim 32, wherein the demodulation means comprises a filter arranged to pass only a central frequency determined by said detecting means.

41. A receiver according to claim 32, wherein said division, said detection, and said demodulation means are provided by a digital signal processor.