Method and apparatus for dynamic and flexible table summarization

• US 6,523,040 B1
• Filed: 06/24/1999
• Issued: 02/18/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 06/24/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Lo, Ming-Ling, Wu, Kun-Lung, Yu, Philip Shi-Lung
• Primary Examiner(s): Amsbury, Wayne
• Assistant Examiner(s): NGUYEN, CAM LINH T
• Application Number:
  US09/339,516
• Time in Patent Office: 1,335 Days
• Field of Search: 707/101, 707/1, 707/5, 707/9
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/9577 Optimising the visualization of content, e.g. distillation of HTML documents
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/177 of tables; using ruled lines
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99942 Manipulating data structure, e.g. compression, compaction, compilation

Abstract

A method for performing table summarization. In a data network requests arrive at random from viewing devices (i.e., PC, PDA, laptop, etc.) to view objects which oftentimes contain large tables. The table summarization method compresses the rows/columns of the large tables in addition to the column formats to more easily display the table on the viewing device, which oftentimes has a limited display capability. A set of default rules is specified for determining how the table compression is to be performed. In addition to the default rules, a user may specify a user viewing preference to further modify the table display. The table summarization method is performed dynamically. That is, it is performed in real-time in response to a user request which typically is issued over a data network such as the Internet.

Claims

1. A method for transforming an unrevised data table into a revised data table, said unrevised data table having a plurality of rows and columns, the unrevised data table further including data elements having a plurality of data formats, the method comprising the steps of:

defining meta-data associated with said unrevised data table, said meta-data selected from the group consisting of row reduction rules, row combination rules, column reduction rules, column combination rules, and column value transformation;

receiving a request to view the unrevised data table from a viewing device; and

transforming the unrevised data table in response to said request to view the unrevised data table by the viewing device in accordance with said meta-data, resulting in the revised data table capable of having at least one less row and column than the unrevised data table;

wherein the unrevised data table is a single data table.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said data table transformation is performed by one of a content server, a proxy server and said viewing device.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein said data table transformation further occurs in accordance with a ruleset associated with said viewing device'"'"'s capabilities, wherein said associated ruleset includes at least one of row reduction and combination rules and column reduction and combination rules.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein said data table transformation is performed in accordance with said meta-data, a ruleset associated with the viewing device'"'"'s capabilities and a user entered viewing preference ruleset, wherein said ruleset associated with the viewing device'"'"'s capabilities and said user entered ruleset include at least one of row reduction and combination rules and column reduction and combination rules.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein if a rule is specified by both the viewing preference ruleset and the meta-data the viewing preference rule set will be exclusively used.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the meta-data rules includes the steps of,

(i) partitioning the plurality of rows in the unrevised data table into row groups;

(ii) performing a row reduction on each row group by reducing each row group to a corresponding resultant row;

(iii) partitioning the plurality of columns in the unrevised data table into column groups; and

(iv) performing a column reduction by assigning a column attribute value to each resultant row in the revised data table based on said meta-data, the viewing device display capability and the user viewing preference ruleset when specified.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of partitioning the plurality of rows in the unrevised data table into row groups further includes a step of selecting a column attribute value.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of partitioning the plurality of rows in the unrevised data table into row groups is based on a hierarchy of the column attribute values, said step further including the steps of:

(a) obtaining a hierarchical grouping of the column attribute values; and

(b) partitioning the rows into row groups taking into account the hierarchical grouping and a viewing device'"'"'s display characteristics and viewing preference.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of partitioning based on hierarchy includes the steps of:

(a) obtaining a hierarchical grouping of the attribute values from the concept hierarchy;

(b) selecting a target level of the concept hierarchy for row partitioning based on the viewing device'"'"'s display characteristics and viewing preference;

(c) partitioning the rows into row groups, wherein each row group corresponds to a column attribute at a selected target level of the hierarchical grouping.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the column attribute value for a resultant row in the revised data table is a common value of the set of column attribute values of the corresponding rows and columns in the unrevised data table when the column attribute values in the unrevised data table all share the same value.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the hierarchical grouping of column attribute values is derived to minimize the difference in the number of rows defining each row group.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein the column attribute value assigned to each resultant row in the revised data table is the row count of the number of rows in the unrevised data table.

13. The method of claim 8, wherein the hierarchical grouping of column attribute values is derived dynamically based on said column attribute values.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the hierarchical grouping of column attribute values is derived based on value ranges in said columns.

15. The method of claim 6, wherein the column attribute value for a resultant row in the summarized data table is derived from the column attribute values of the corresponding rows of the unrevised data table and a column partition rule in the meta-data.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the column attribute value for the resultant row is one of a maximum, a minimum, an average, a range and a most popular value of the column attribute values of the corresponding rows and a column partition rule in the unrevised data table when the column attribute values in the unrevised data table are numeric.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the column attribute value for the resultant row is derived from the application of the column partition rules to a summary of the words from the set of column attribute values of the corresponding row in the unrevised data table when the column attribute values in the unrevised data table are non-numeric.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the word summary can be keyword-based or dictionary-based.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein the column attribute value for the resultant row is a subset of the words from the set of column attribute values of the corresponding rows and column partition rules in the unrevised data table when the column attribute in the unrevised data table are non-numeric.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the subset of words is defined by a set of predetermined keywords in the meta-data.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the words selected are based on frequency of occurrence.

22. A computer program device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine to perform method steps for transforming a data table in response to a viewer request, said method steps comprising:

defining meta-data associated with said data table, said meta-data comprising row reduction and combination rules, said meta-data further comprising column reduction and column combination rules and a column value transformation; and

transforming the data table in response to a request to view said data table by a viewing device in accordance with said meta-data resulting in a revised data table capable of having at least one less row and column than said data table;

wherein said data table is a single data table.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein said table transformation is performed by one of a content server, a proxy server and said viewing device.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein said transformation further occurs in accordance with a ruleset associated with said viewing device'"'"'s capabilities, wherein said associated ruleset includes at least one of row reduction and combination rules and column reduction and combination rules.

25. The method of claim 22, wherein said table transformation is performed in accordance with said meta-data, a ruleset associated with the viewing device'"'"'s capabilities and a user entered viewing preference ruleset, wherein said ruleset associated with the viewing device'"'"'s capabilities and said user entered ruleset include at least one of row reduction and combination rules and column reduction and combination rules.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein if a rule is specified by both the viewing preference ruleset and the meta-data the viewing preference rule set will be exclusively used.