Bio-electic interface adapter with twelve-lead ECG capability and provision for defibrillation
First Claim
1. A bioelectric interface comprising at least two defibrillation electrodes as an integral part thereof, there being perforations, or functional equivalent, in said bioelectric interface, positioned to allow easy detachment of at least one of said defibrillation electrodes, said bioelectric interface further comprising sufficient precordial electrodes to monitor twelve lead ECG'"'"'s.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Disclosed is a bio-electic interface adapter with at least two large area defibrilation electrodes and sufficient smaller precordial electrodes present therein to allow standard twelve lead ECG monitoring. The defibrillation electrodes can be affixed to the bioelectric interface via perforations, or by a functionally similar approach, to allow easy detachment in use. The bioelectric interface adaptor preferably has an undulated outer edge geometry, and provides electrodes for forming limb leads, optionally allowing use of the defibrillation electrodes as Right Arm and Left Leg electrodes. Limb lead forming electrodes are preferable affixed via perforations, or by a functionally similar approach, to allow easy detachment and deployment to conventional limb electrode locations, in use.
129 Citations
48 Claims
- 1. A bioelectric interface comprising at least two defibrillation electrodes as an integral part thereof, there being perforations, or functional equivalent, in said bioelectric interface, positioned to allow easy detachment of at least one of said defibrillation electrodes, said bioelectric interface further comprising sufficient precordial electrodes to monitor twelve lead ECG'"'"'s.
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5. A bioelectric interface comprising a carrier matrix in functional combination with at least two spatially separated defibrillation electrodes, and V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6 precordial electrodes and RA, LA and LL limb lead forming electrodes, said electrodes being affixed to said carrier matrix in a manner such that their relative positions with respect to one another are essentially fixed, said RA, LA, LL limb lead electrodes being positioned such that when functionally combined with summing impedances from each thereof, which summing impedances are “
- Y”
interconnected to provide a Wilson central terminal, form an Einthoven frontal lead triangle with a I, II, III lead pattern when mounted to a subject'"'"'s chest, said Einthoven frontal lead triangle with a I, II, III lead pattern being positioned on said subject'"'"'s chest so as to provide a voltage which presents at said Wilson central terminal which is within some selected range of deviation from a voltage which would appear at a Wilson central terminal formed from summing impedances from conventional limb mounted electrodes which are “
Y”
interconnected;the improvement being that there are perforations, or functional equivalent, in said bioelectric interface, positioned to allow easy detachment of at least one of said spatially separated defibrillation electrodes. - View Dependent Claims (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 27)
a. cardio-pulmonary resuscitation b. ECG monitoring;
c. cardiac pacing;
d. electro surgery;
e. electro-ablation;
f. impedance cardiography;
g. transdermal drug or nutrient transfer; and
h. electromechanical energy transfer or detection;
on said subject without removing said bioelectric interface.
- Y”
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15. A bioelectric interface comprising an adhesive sheet in functional combination with at least two spatially separated regions of defibrillation electrode(s), at least one of which spatially separated region of defibrillation electrode(s) can consist of more than one electrode, which adhesive sheet simultaneously presents with essentially anisotropic specific impedance properties and essentially isotropic pliability and adhesion mechanical properties, electrode(s) in each of said spatially separated regions of electrode(s) being affixed to said adhesive sheet in a manner such the relative positions of electrodes present with respect to one another are essentially fixed, and such that the specific impedance from each electrode in said regions of spatially separated electrode(s) directly through the thickness of said adhesive sheet, is less than that between any two electrodes in different spatially separated regions of electrode(s) through said adhesive sheet, said electrical anisotropic specific impedance properties of said adhesive sheet being the result of scrim therein, which scrim is a web of material with relatively electrically conductive adhesive material present in open areas of said web so as to form channel regions of electrically conductive adhesive material bordered by said scrim material, such that adhesive material in one channel region does not contact that in other regions;
- and/or slits therein, which slits are positioned between electrodes;
there being perforations, or functional equivalent, in said bioelectric interface, positioned to allow easy detachment of at least one of said spatially separated defibrillation electrodes. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25)
electrode region RA generally in the region of the first or second intercostal space to the right of the sternum;
electrode region LA generally in the region of the left third or fourth intercostal space at the mid-axillary line;
electrode region LL generally in the region of the inferior costal margin in the left mid-clavicular line;
electrode region V1 in the region of the fourth intercostal space at the right sternal border;
electrode region V2 in the region of the fourth intercostal space at the left sternal border;
electrode region V4 in the region of the fifth intercostal space at the left mid-clavicular line;
electrode region V3 in the region of the midpoint between electrode regions V2 and V4;
electrode region V5 in the region of the fifth intercostal space in the left anterior axillary line; and
electrode region V6 in the region of the fifth intercostal space in the mid-axillary line.
- and/or slits therein, which slits are positioned between electrodes;
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25. A bioelectric interface as in claim 15, which further comprises at least three regions of electrode(s) which are configured and sized so as to place electrode(s) in said three regions of electrodes in an Einthoven triangle Left Arm, Right Arm, Left Leg pattern, such that in use all said regions of electrodes contact a subject'"'"'s chest as verified by the appearance of a voltage at a Wilson central terminal formed by attaching summing impedances from electrodes in each of said three regions of electrode(s) in a “
- Y”
configuration which is within some selected deviation from a voltage which would appear at a Wilson central terminal formed by attaching summing impedances from electrodes affixed to conventional RA, LA and LL into a “
Y”
configuration.
- Y”
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26. A method of defibrilating a subject comprising the steps of:
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a. providing a bioelectric interface comprising an adhesive sheet in functional combination with at least two spatially separated regions of defibrillation electrodes, at least one of which spatially separated region of defibrillation electrode(s) can consist of more than one electrode, there being perforations, or functional equivalent, in said bioelectric interface, positioned to allow easy detachment of at least one of said spatially separated regions of defibrilation electrodes, which adhesive sheet presents with essentially anisotropic specific impedance properties but essentially isotropic mechanical properties, said spatially separated regions of defibrillation electrode(s) being affixed to said adhesive sheet in a manner such that their relative positions with respect to one another remain essentially fixed, and such that the specific impedance from each electrode in said regions of spatially separated defibrillation electrode(s) directly through the thickness of said adhesive sheet, is less than that between any two electrodes in different spatially separated regions of said defibrillation electrodes through said adhesive sheet, said electrical anisotropic specific impedance properties of said adhesive sheet being the result of;
scrim therein, which scrim is a web of material with relatively electrically conductive adhesive material present in open areas of said web so as to form channel regions of electrically conductive adhesive material bordered by said scrim material, such that adhesive material in one channel region does not contact that in other regions; and
/orslits therein, which slits are positioned between electrodes;
in which bioelectric interface the number of regions of electrode(s) is at least nine, nine of said at least nine regions of electrode(s) being configured in an RA, LA, LL, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6 twelve lead electrocardiogram system electrode pattern, such that said nine regions of electrode(s) are positioned on a subject'"'"'s chest during use as follows;
electrode region RA generally in the region of the first or second intercostal space to the right of the sternum;
electrode region LA generally in the region of the left third or fourth intercostal space at the mid-axillary line;
electrode region LL generally in the region of the inferior costal margin in the left mid-clavicular line;
electrode region V1 in the region of the fourth intercostal space at the right sternal border;
electrode region V2 in the region of the fourth intercostal space at the left sternal border;
electrode region V4 in the region of the fifth intercostal space at the left mid-clavicular line;
electrode region V3 in the region of the midpoint between electrode regions V2 and V4;
electrode region V5 in the region of the fifth intercostal space in the left anterior axillary line; and
electrode region V6 in the region of the fifth intercostal space in the mid-axillary line;
b. affixing said bioelectric interface to a subject and causing the defibrillation electrodes therein to be electrically attached to a defibrillation system and applying a defibrilating shock therewith through said defibrillation electrodes. - View Dependent Claims (28)
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29. A method of performing defibrillation comprising the steps of:
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a. providing a bioelectric interface comprising an adhesive sheet in functional combination with at l-east two spatially separated defibrillation electrodes, there being perforations, or functional equivalent, in said bioelectric interface, positioned to allow easy detachment of at least one of said spatially separated defibrilation electrodes, which adhesive sheet presents with essentially anisotropic specific impedance properties but essentially isotropic mechanical properties, said defibrialtion electrodes being affixed to said adhesive sheet in a manner such that their relative positions with respect to one another remain essentially fixed, and such that the specific impedance from each said electrode directly through the thickness of said adhesive sheet, is less than that between any two of said electrodes through said adhesive sheet;
b. affixing said bioelectric interface to a subject'"'"'s chest or back, and causing said defibrillation electrodes to be connected to a defibrillation system and causing said defibrillation system to deliver a defibrillation shock therethrough. - View Dependent Claims (30, 31)
a. cardiopulmonary resuscitation b. ECG monitoring;
c. cardiac pacing;
d. electro surgery;
e. electro-ablation;
f. impedance cardiography;
g. transdermal drug or nutrient transfer; and
h. electromechanical energy transfer or detection.
-
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31. A method of performing defibrillation as in claim 29, which further comprises the simultaneous step of causing at least some of said electrodes to have a multiple component configuration.
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32. A bioelectric interface comprising a support sheet to which are affixed at least two (2) defibrillation electrodes, in functional combination with at least three (3) spatially separated electrocardiogram system electrodes, each of said at least three (3) spatially separated electrocardiogram system electrodes being of a construction selected from the group consisting of:
-
a single electrical electrode element; and
a group of electrically independent electrode elements;
each of said spatially separated electrocardiogram system electrodes being affixed to said support sheet in a manner such that the relative positions of said electrocardiogram system electrodes with respect to one another are essentially fixed therewithin, three (3) of said at least three (3) electrocardiogram system electrodes being configured in an RA, LA, LL electrocardiogram system electrode pattern;
which RA, LA and LL electrodes, when functionally combined with summing impedances from each thereof, which summing impedances are “
Y”
interconnected to provide a Wilson central terminal, form an Einthoven frontal lead triangle with a I, II, III lead pattern when mounted to a subject'"'"'s chest, said Einthoven frontal lead triangle with a I, II, III lead pattern being positioned on said subject'"'"'s chest so as to provide a voltage which presents at said Wilson central terminal which is within some selected range of deviation from a voltage which would appear at a Wilson central terminal formed from summing impedances from conventional limb mounted electrodes which are “
Y”
interconnected;said bioelectric interface further comprising;
a. an adhesive sheet is affixed to said support sheet on a subject contacting side thereof and simultaneously presents with essentially anisotropic impedance properties and essentially isotropic mechanical pliability and adhesion properties, said electrodes being affixed to said adhesive sheet such that the impedance from each said electrode directly through the thickness of said adhesive sheet, is less than that between any two of said electrodes through said adhesive sheet; and
/orb. perforations are present in said support sheet which allow easy detachment and deployment of at least one of said Einthoven frontal lead triangle RA, LA and LL electrodes, so that said at least one of said Einthoven triangle RA, LA, and LL electrodes is/are, in use, positionable at locations selected from the group consisting of;
in contact with a subject'"'"'s chest; and
in conventional Einthoven triangle forming subject limb positions; and
/orc. an undulated outer edge on said bioelectric interface support sheet; and
/ord. at least one hole through said bioelectric interface support sheet which allows access to the skin of a subject to which it is affixed in use;
there being perforations, or functional equivalent, in said bioelectric interface, positioned to allow easy detachment of at least one of said spatially separated defibrillation electrodes. - View Dependent Claims (33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38)
said electrode RA being generally in the region of the first second intercostal space to the right of the sternum;
said electrode LA being generally in the region of the left third or fourth intercostal space in the mid-axillary line;
said electrode LL being generally in the region of the inferior costal margin in the left mid-clavicular line.
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34. A bioelectric interface as in claim 32 which comprises said RA, LA, LL electrodes, and further comprises V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6 twelve lead electrocardiogram system electrode pattern, such that said electrode(s) are positioned on a subject'"'"'s chest during use as follows:
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electrode region RA generally in the region of the first or second intercostal space to the right of the sternum;
electrode region LA generally in the region of the left third or fourth intercostal space at the mid-axillary line;
electrode region LL generally in the region of the inferior costal margin in the left mid-clavicular line;
electrode region V1 in the region of the fourth intercostal space at the right sternal border;
electrode region V2 in the region of the fourth intercostal space at the left sternal border;
electrode region V4 in the region of the fifth intercostal space at the left mid-clavicular line;
electrode region V3 in the region of the midpoint between electrode regions V2 and V4;
electrode region V5 in the region of the fifth intercostal space in the left anterior axillary line; and
electrode region V6 in the region of the fifth intercostal space in the mid-axillary line.
-
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35. A bioelectric interface as in claim 32, in which is present at least one hole through said bioelectric interface support sheet which allows access to the skin of a subject to which it is affixed in use, one of said said at least one hole(s) being oriented so as to allow access to the sternum process of a subject to which said bioelectric interface is applied in use.
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36. A bioelectric interface as in claim 32, which is further characterized by:
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a. an adhesive sheet is affixed to said support sheet on a subject contacting side thereof and simultaneously presents with essentially anisotropic impedance properties and essentially isotropic mechanical pliability and adhesion properties, said electrodes being affixed to said adhesive sheet such that the impedance from each said electrode directly through the thickness of said adhesive sheet, is less than that between any two of said electrodes through said adhesive sheet; and
/orb. perforations in said support sheet which allow easy detachment and deployment of at least one of said Einthoven frontal lead triangle RA, LA and LL electrodes, so that said at least one of said Einthoven triangle RA, LA, and LL electrodes is/are, in use, positionable at locations selected from the group consisting of;
in contact with a subject'"'"'s chest; and
in conventional Einthoven triangle forming subject limb positions; and
/orc. an undulated outer edge on said bioelectric interface support sheet; and
/ord. at least one hole through said bioelectric interface support sheet which allows access to the skin of a subject to which it is affixed in use.
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37. A bioelectric interface as in claim 32, which is further characterized by:
a. at least one said electrocardiogram system electrode which comprises spring-loaded means on a non-subject contacting side thereof, which spring-loaded means develops compression derived force when caused to be compressed, the purpose thereof being to facilitate electrical contact to an electrically conductive element caused to be placed in contact therewith in use, by development of said compression derived force.
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38. A bioelectric interface as in claim 32, in which at least one of said at least three (3) spatially separated electrocardiogram system electrodes is of a construction such that there is present a “
- cocklebur-like”
structure means at a subject contacting side thereof, said “
cocklebur-like”
structure means serving to effect improved electrical contact to a subject in use.
- cocklebur-like”
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39. A bioelectric interface comprising at least two defibrillation electrodes as an integral part thereof, at least one of which defibrillation electrode(s) can consist of more than one electrode, said at least two defibrillation electrodes being affixed in an adhesive sheet which simultaneously presents with essentially anisotropic specific impedance properties and essentially isotropic pliability and adhesion mechanical properties, said at least two electrode(s) being spatially separated and affixed to said adhesive sheet in a manner such the relative positions of electrodes present with respect to one another are essentially fixed, and such that the specific impedance between said electrodes through said adhesive sheet, is greater than that straight through said adhesive sheet;
the improvement being that there are perforations, or functional equivalent, in said bioelectric interface, positioned to allow easy detachment of at least one of said defibrillation electrodes from the other of said at least two defibrillation electrodes. - View Dependent Claims (40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46)
- 47. A combination of two defibrillation electrodes and a bioelectric interface which comprises a support sheet in which are affixed sufficient precordial and limb lead forming electrodes to enable twelve lead ECG monitoring, said bioelectric interface having an undulated outer edge, the shape of which substantially matches the shape of said defibrillation electrodes along a locus at which said bioelectric interface and said defibrillation electrodes closely mate to one another.
Specification