System for hydrogen generation

• US 6,534,033 B1
• Filed: 01/07/2000
• Issued: 03/18/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 01/07/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Ballard Unmanned Systems, Inc. (Honeywell International Inc.), Millennium Fuels USA LLC
• Original Assignee: Millennium Cell Inc.
• Inventors: Kelly, Michael T., Amendola, Steven C., Binder, Michael, Petillo, Phillip J., Sharp-Goldman, Stefanie L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Silverman, Stanley S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Johnson, Edward M.
• Application Number:
  US09/479,362
• Time in Patent Office: 1,166 Days
• Field of Search: 423/648.1, 423/658.2, 429/12
• US Class Current: 423/648.1
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 23/462 Ruthenium
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 31/08 Ion-exchange resins
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 37/16 Reducing
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 37/348 Electrochemical processes, e.g. electrochemical deposition or anodisation
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/065 from a hydride
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/36 Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition and method for storage and controlled release of hydrogen. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of borohydride based solutions as a hydrogen storage source and a catalyst system to release hydrogen therefrom.

Claims

1. A hydrogen generation system, comprising:

(A) a metal hydride solution, comprising a metal hydride, a stabilizing agent to provide a pH of 7 or greater and water; and

(B) a hydrogen generation catalyst system comprising a hydrogen generation catalyst comprising a substrate having molecules of a transition metal bound thereto, entrapped within, and/or coated thereon, and a containment system that separates the catalyst from reacted metal hydride.

2. The hydrogen generation system according to claim 1, wherein the metal hydride is selected from the group consisting of sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, potassium borohydride, ammonium borohydride, tetramethyl ammonium borohydride, and mixtures thereof.

3. The hydrogen generation system according to claim 1, wherein the stabilizing agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, thiourea, carbon disulfide, sodium zincate, sodium gallate, and mixtures thereof.

4. The hydrogen generation system according to claim 1, wherein

the substrate comprises a material selected from the group consisting of ceramics, plastics, polymers, glass, fibers, ropes, nonwovens, wovens, textiles, fabrics, carbons, carbon-fibers, ion exchange resins, metals, alloys, wires, meshes, and combinations thereof; and

the hydrogen generation catalyst comprises a transition metal selected from The group consisting of ruthenium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, manganese, rhodium, rhenium, platinum, palladium, chromium, silver, osmium, iridium, borides thereof alloys thereof, and mixtures thereof.

5. The hydrogen generation system according to claim 4, wherein

the substrate is selected from the group consisting of ceramics, zeolites, pervoskites, phosphates, fibers, fibrous materials, meshes, cationic exchange resins, and anionic exchange resins;

and

the hydrogen generation catalyst comprises a transition metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, manganese, rhodium, rhenium, platinum, palladium, chromium, silver, osmium, iridium, borides thereof, alloys thereof, and mixtures thereof.

6. The hydrogen generation system according to claim 1, wherein said containment system comprises a flexible tubing that contains said hydrogen generation catalyst.

7. The hydrogen generation system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen generation catalyst is obtained by a process comprising contacting an ionic exchange resin substrate with a solution comprising a transition metal ion;

and contacting the resulting substrate with a reducing agent.

8. The hydrogen generation system according to claim 1 wherein the hydrogen generation catalyst is obtained by a process comprising placing a conductive substrate in a solution comprising a transition metal ion;

and applying a voltage to the substrate to thereby electrochemically plate a transition metal coating onto the substrate.

9. The hydrogen generation system according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of said water is obtained from the reaction product of a hydrogen-consuming device, said device being operably connected with said system.

10. The hydrogen generation system according to claim 9, wherein the hydrogen-consuming device is selected from the group consisting of a fuel cell, a combustion engine, a gas turbine, and combinations thereof.

11. The hydrogen generation system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen generation catalyst is obtained by a process comprising evaporating a transition metal complex comprising a transition metal ion and a chemical vapor deposition complexing compound;

condensing said complex onto a substrate; and

contacting the transition metal complex deposited on the substrate with a reducing agent.