Dynamic RF amplifier bias control for digital wireless communications devices

• US 6,535,066 B1
• Filed: 06/21/2001
• Issued: 03/18/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 06/21/2001
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Cisco Systems, Inc., Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Petsko, David
• Primary Examiner(s): Pascal, Robert
• Assistant Examiner(s): NGUYEN, PATRICIA T
• Application Number:
  US09/886,597
• Time in Patent Office: 635 Days
• Field of Search: 330/129, 330/136, 330/279, 330/285
• US Class Current: 330/285
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0205 in transistor amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0261 with control of the polarisation voltage or current, e.g. gliding Class A
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/32 Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion by negative feedback H03F1/34
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2201/3203 the amplifier comprising means for back off control in order to reduce distortion
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/24 of transmitter output stages
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 3/3042 in modulators, frequency-changers, transmitters or power amplifiers transmission power control in bidirectional transmission systems H04W52/04

Abstract

An adaptive bias control scheme for an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (“OFDM”) transmitter. The transmitter chain is comprised of class A amplifiers. The amplifiers in the transmit chain are backed off from P1dB to ensure linear amplification of the signal. Amplifier back off is defined as (Amplifier P1dB) minus (Average Signal Power). Since the efficiency of the amplifier decreases in direct proportion, to the back off, it is desirable to minimize back off while maintaining linearity. The back off is dependent on the peak to average power ratio (“PAPR”) of the OFDM waveform. The PAPR is measured on a symbol by symbol basis and the amplifier P1dB is adjusted in proportion to the PAPR of the symbol, maintaining a P1dB sufficient to provide the required back off dictated by the maximum PAPR of the OFDM waveform, but can be lowered for symbols with PAPR below the maximum. The average operating point of the amplifiers is reduced by the adaptive bias control on a symbol-by-symbol basis.

Claims

1. An apparatus for dynamically adjusting the bias of an amplifier, comprising:

(a) an inverse Fourier transform processor receiving a plurality of inputs;

(b) a multiplexer, the input connected to the output of the inverse Fourier transform processor;

(c) a plurality of buffers connected to the output of the multiplexer;

(d) a demultiplexer receiving inputs from the plurality of output buffers, the output of the demultiplexer connected by a circuit to the input of the amplifier;

(e) a peak detector and hold circuit, the input of the circuit connected to the output of the inverse Fourier transform processor;

(f) a selection means, the selection means receiving an input from the peak detector and hold circuit, and responsive to the input selecting a bias point for the amplifier, the selection means output connected to a bias control circuit, the bias control circuit controlling the amplifier'"'"'s bias point.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, the circuit connecting the output of the demultiplexer to the input of the amplifier further comprises an intermediate circuit.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, the circuit connecting the output of the demultiplexer to the input of the amplifier further comprises a filter circuit.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, the selection means further comprising inputs for modulation format, temperature, and signal quality measurement.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the selection means comprises a microprocessor based controller.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the microprocessor based controller further comprises computer readable instructions stored on a computer readable medium, the computer readable instructions comprising:

(a) instructions for receiving an input;

(b) instructions for calculating an optimal bias point responsive to the instructions for receiving an input;

(c) instructions for outputting the bias point.

7. A method for dynamically adjusting the bias of an amplifier, the steps comprising:

dividing a long sequence of waveforms into a plurality of short waveform samples, wherein each of the plurality of short waveform samples having a maximum magnitude;

for each of the plurality of short waveform samples;

calculating a bias point for the amplifier based on the maximum magnitude setting the bias point of the amplifier; and

forwarding the short waveform sample to the amplifier after setting the bias point.

8. The method for dynamically adjusting the bias of an amplifier as in claim 7 wherein for each of the plurality of waveform samples further comprises buffering the maximum magnitude.

9. The method for dynamically adjusting the bias of an amplifier as in claim 7 wherein for each of the plurality of waveform samples further comprises padding each of the plurality of the short waveform samples with a NULL.

10. The method for dynamically adjusting the bias of an amplifier as in claim 9 wherein the padding step creates a guard interval between each of the plurality of waveform samples.

11. The method for dynamically adjusting the bias of an amplifier as in claim 8 wherein the forwarding step further comprises synchronizing the forwarding and setting steps wherein the setting step is completed before the forwarding step begins.

12. A computer readable medium of instructions, comprising:

means for dividing a long sequence of waveforms into a plurality of short waveform samples, wherein each of the plurality of short waveform samples having a maximum magnitude;

means for calculating a bias point for the amplifier based on the maximum magnitude for each of the plurality of short waveform samples;

means for setting the bias point of the RF amplifier for each of the plurality of short waveform samples; and

means for forwarding the short waveform sample to the amplifier for each of the plurality of short waveform samples after the means for setting the bias point has set the bias point.

13. The computer readable medium of instructions as in claim 12 further comprising means for buffering the maximum magnitude for each of the plurality of waveform samples.

14. The computer readable medium of instructions as in claim 12 further comprising means for padding each of the plurality of the short waveform samples with a NULL.

15. The computer readable medium of instructions as in claim 12 further comprising means for creating a guard interval between each of the plurality of waveform samples.

16. The computer readable medium of instructions as in claim 12 wherein the forwarding step further comprises synchronizing the forwarding and setting steps wherein the setting step is completed before the forwarding step.

17. An apparatus for dynamically adjusting the bias of an amplifier, comprising:

means for dividing a long sequence of waveforms into a plurality of short waveform samples, wherein each of the plurality of short waveform samples having a maximum magnitude;

means for calculating a bias point for the amplifier based on the maximum magnitude for each of the plurality of short waveform samples;

means for setting the bias point of the amplifier for each of the plurality of short waveform samples; and

means for forwarding the short waveform sample to the amplifier for each of the plurality of short waveform samples;

wherein the means for forwarding the short waveform sample waits until the means for setting the bias point has set the bias point.

18. The apparatus for dynamically adjusting the bias of an amplifier as in claim 17 further comprising means for buffering the maximum magnitude for each of the plurality of waveform samples.

19. The apparatus for dynamically adjusting the bias of an amplifier as in claim 17 further comprising means for padding each of the plurality of the short waveform samples with a NULL.

20. The apparatus for dynamically adjusting the bias of an amplifier as in claim 17 further comprising means for creating a guard interval between each of the plurality of waveform samples.

21. The apparatus for dynamically adjusting the bias of an amplifier as in claim 17 wherein the forwarding step further comprises synchronizing the forwarding and setting steps wherein the setting step is completed before the forwarding step.