Pharmaceutical pill recognition and verification system

• US 6,535,637 B1
• Filed: 07/30/1998
• Issued: 03/18/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 07/30/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Analytical Spectral Devices Incorporated (Malvern Panalytical, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: ESCO Electronics Corporation
• Inventors: Hobson, Greg, Reznack, Victor V., Wootton, John R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Couso, Jose L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): DESIRE, GREGORY M
• Application Number:
  US09/126,296
• Time in Patent Office: 1,692 Days
• Field of Search: 382/165, 382/173, 382/190, 382/191, 221/2, 221/7, 221/82, 221/89, 221/97, 221/102, 221/113, 221/130
• US Class Current: 382/190
• CPC Class Codes: B65B 57/00 Automatic control, checking, warning, or safety devices registering wrapping or container-forming material fed from rolls B65B41/18
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 20/66 Trinkets, e.g. shirt buttons or jewellery items recognising microscopic objects G06V20/69

Abstract

A method of dispensing a prescribed medication, in pill form, and verifying that the medication dispensed is the prescribed medication. A medication identified from a prescription (P) is dispensed into a container (C). An image of the dispensed pills is taken and processed to obtain a set of characteristic features of the pill. These features include the coloration, shape, size, and any surface features of the pills. These features are then automatically compared with those of all the pills which can be dispensed by a dispensing apparatus (10). If a pill can be uniquely identified as the correct pill, the container of pills is accepted. Otherwise, the container is rejected. If, as a result of the processing, a determination cannot be made, the container is provisionally rejected and is subsequently inspected by a pharmacist to determine if the prescription is correctly filled.

Claims

1. A method that incorporates an examination device to identify the type of contents dispensed into a container, the contents being dispensed without any predetermined orientation or position within the container, the method comprising:

a. the examination device obtaining an image of the contents of the container;

b. processing the image to isolate a unit of the contents;

c. processing the image of the isolated unit to extract multiple characteristic features of that unit, said features being selected from the group consisting of;

(a) color;

(b) patterns of color;

(c) three-dimensional shape;

(d) three-dimensional size;

(e) surface finish;

(f) surface texture;

(g) surface markings;

(h) surface scoring; and

(i) surface reflectivity; and

d. comparing one or more of the isolated features to a set of reference features representative of known content types to identify the type of contents of the container.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the characteristic features of the contents are automatically extracted during image processing and include the color of the contents.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein comparing the extracted features of the contents to sets of features for each possible contents of the container includes comparing the color of the contents, accepting the container if the content'"'"'s color is sufficiently unique that no other container contents can be confused with it, and rejecting the container if there is no color match.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein extracting characteristic features of the contents includes identifying the shape of the contents.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein comparing the extracted features of the contents to sets of features for each possible contents of the container includes comparing the contents'"'"' shape, accepting the container if there is a match for the contents'"'"' shape, and rejecting the container if there is no shape match.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein extracting characteristic features of the contents includes identifying the size of the contents.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein comparing the extracted features of the contents to sets of features for each possible contents of the container includes comparing the contents'"'"' size, accepting the container if there is a size match, and rejecting the container if there is no size match.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein extracting characteristic features of the contents includes identifying surface features of the contents.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein comparing the extracted features of the contents to sets of features for each possible contents of the container includes comparing the surface features of the contents, accepting the container if there is a match of the surface features, and rejecting the container if there is no surface feature match.

10. The method of claim 1 further including provisionally rejecting a container if, as a result of the feature set comparison, a determination cannot be made as to whether the contents of the container are the correct contents.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein any provisionally rejected container is visually inspected to determine if the contents are the correct contents.

12. A method of determining whether a type of medication dispensed into a container, such that the dispensed medication lacks any predetermined orientation or position within the container, corresponds to an expected type of medication in accordance with a prescription therefor, the method incorporating an examination device to identify the type of contents, the method comprising:

a. the examination device obtaining an image of the medication as dispensed into the container;

b. processing the image to isolate a unit of the medication;

c. processing the image of the isolated unit to extract multiple characteristic features of that unit, said features being selected from the group consisting of;

(a) color;

(b) patterns of color;

(c) three-dimensional shape;

(d) three-dimensional size;

(e) surface finish;

(f) surface texture;

(g) surface markings;

(h) surface scoring; and

(i) surface reflectivity; and

d. comparing one or more of the isolated features to a set of reference features representative of what type of medication should be dispensed, said comparison ensuring that the extracted features are not confused with any other set of reference features for other possible types of medication which could be dispensed into the container.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the characteristic features of the dispensed medication are automatically extracted during image processing and include the color of the medication.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein comparing the extracted features of the medication to sets of features for each possible medication includes comparing the color of the medication, accepting the container if the medication'"'"'s color is sufficiently unique that no other medication can be confused with it, and rejecting the container if there is no color match.

15. The method of claim 12 wherein extracting characteristic features of the dispensed medication includes identifying the shape of the medication.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein comparing the extracted features of the dispensed medication to sets of features for each possible medication includes comparing the medications'"'"' shape, accepting the container if there is a match for the shape, and rejecting the container if there is no shape match.

17. The method of claim 12 wherein extracting characteristic features of the dispensed medication includes identifying the size of the medication.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein comparing the extracted features of the dispensed medication to sets of features for each possible medication includes comparing the size the medications, accepting the container if there is a size match, and rejecting the container if there is no size match.

19. The method of claim 12 wherein extracting characteristic features of the dispensed medication includes identifying surface features of the medication.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein comparing the extracted features of the dispensed medication to sets of features for each possible medication includes comparing the surface features of the medications, accepting the container if there is a match of the surface features, and rejecting the container if there is no surface feature match.

21. The method of claim 12 further including provisionally rejecting a container if, as a result of the feature set comparison, a determination cannot be made as to whether the dispensed medication is the correct medication.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein any provisionally rejected container is visually inspected to determine if the dispensed medication is the correct medication.

23. A method of determining whether a type of medication in pill form dispensed into a container such that the dispensed pills lack any predetermined orientation or position within the container, corresponds to an expected type medication in accordance with a prescription therefor, the method incorporating an examination device to identify the type of contents, the method comprising:

a. the examination device obtaining an image of the pills as dispensed into the container;

b. processing the image to isolate a unit of the pills;

c. processing the image of the isolated unit to extract multiple characteristic features of that unit, said features being selected from the group consisting of;

(a) color;

(b) patterns of color;

(c) three-dimensional shape;

(d) three-dimensional size;

(e) surface finish;

(f) surface texture;

(g) surface markings;

(h) surface scoring; and

(i) surface reflectivity; and

d. comparing one or more of the isolated characteristic features to a set of reference features representative of what type of medication the dispensed medication should be, said comparison ensuring that the extracted features are not confused with any other set of reference features for other possible types of which could be dispensed into the container.

24. A method of dispensing one of a plurality of possible medications and verifying the identity of the medication comprising:

dispensing a plurality of medication units from a first container to a second container such that the medication units have no predetermined location or orientation;

obtaining an image of the plurality of medication units within the second container;

processing the image to obtain an image of a single medication unit from the plurality of medication units within the second container;

processing the isolated unit to extract multiple characteristic features of that unit, said features being selected from the group consisting of;

color, patterns of color, three-dimensional shape, three-dimensional size, surface finish, surface texture, surface markings, surface scoring, and surface reflectivity; and

comparing one or more of the isolated features to a set of reference features representative of known content types to identify the type of contents of the container.

25. A method of dispensing one of a plurality of possible medications and verifying the identity of the medication comprising:

dispensing a plurality of medication units from a first container to a second container such that the medication units have no predetermined location or orientation;

obtaining an image of the plurality of medication units within the second container;

processing the image to isolate a single unit from the plurality of medication units within the second container;

processing the isolated unit to extract multiple characteristic features of that unit, said features being selected from the group consisting of;

color, patterns of color, three-dimensional shape, three-dimensional size, surface finish, surface texture, surface markings, surface scoring, and surface reflectivity; and

comparing one or more of the isolated features to a set of reference features representative of known content types to route the second container to either

an area for second containers whose contents are positively confirmed as correct;

an area for second containers whose contents are positively confirmed as incorrect;

an area for second containers whose contents cannot be positively identified as correct or incorrect.

26. A method of dispensing one of a plurality of available medications and verifying the identity of the medication comprising:

dispensing a plurality of medication units from first container containing a requested one of the plurality of available medications into a second container such that the medication units have no predetermined location or orientation;

obtaining an image of the plurality of medication units within the second container;

processing the image to isolate a single unit from the plurality of medication units within the second container;

processing the isolated unit to extract multiple characteristic features of that unit, the features being selected from the group consisting of;

color, patterns of color, three-dimensional shape, three-dimensional size, surface finish, surface texture, surface markings, surface scoring and surface reflectivity; and

comparing one or more of the features to a set of reference features representative of the available medications;

verifying that the isolated unit matches the reference features of the requested one of the plurality of available medications.

27. The method of claim 26 further comprising the step of verifying that the isolated unit does not match the reference features of the available medications being dispensed.

28. The method of claim 26 further comprising the step of verifying that the isolated unit is sufficiently different from any of the available medications being dispensed.