Codopant polymers for efficient optical amplification
First Claim
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1. A polymer comprised of a general composition {XY[DDZRR′
- ]3}n, where;
X is a first rare earth element;
Y is a second rare earth element;
D is one of the elements of Group VIA;
Z is one of the elements of Group VA;
R is a first fully halogenated organic group;
R′
is a second fully halogenated organic group; and
n is an integer greater than 1.
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Abstract
In accordance with the invention, the present invention provides for a polymer comprised of a general composition. The polymer has a first rare earth element, a second rare earth element, one of the elements of Group VIA, one of the elements of Group VA, a first fully halogenated organic group, a second fully halogenated organic group. A method of manufacturing the polymer is also disclosed.
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Citations
35 Claims
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1. A polymer comprised of a general composition {XY[DDZRR′
- ]3}n, where;
X is a first rare earth element;
Y is a second rare earth element;
D is one of the elements of Group VIA;
Z is one of the elements of Group VA;
R is a first fully halogenated organic group;
R′
is a second fully halogenated organic group; and
n is an integer greater than 1. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35)
a fiber formed from a first polymer as claimed in claim 1, the fiber having a first diameter and a first refractive index; and
a cladding disposed about an outer perimeter of the fiber, the cladding having a diameter and a second refractive index less than the first refractive index.
- ]3}n, where;
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28. The optical amplifying fiber assembly according to claim 27, wherein the cladding comprises a second polymer.
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29. The optical amplifying fiber assembly according to claim 28, wherein the second polymer has a general composition {X′
- Y′
[DDZRR′
]3}n, where;X′
is a third rare earth element different from X;
Y′
is a fourth rare earth element different from X;
D is one of the elements of Group VIA;
Z is one of the elements of Group VA;
R is a first fully halogenated organic group;
R′
is a second fully halogenated organic group; and
n is an integer greater than 1.
- Y′
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30. The optical amplifying fiber assembly according to claim 28, wherein the second diameter is at least two times larger than the first diameter.
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31. The optical amplifying fiber assembly according to claim 27, further comprising a second polymer blended with the first polymer.
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32. An optical waveguide comprising:
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a substrate;
a first cladding layer disposed on the substrate, the first cladding layer having a first refractive index;
a first polymer as claimed in claim 1 being disposed on the first cladding layer, the first polymer having a second refractive index;
a plurality of channel waveguides formed in the first polymer; and
a second cladding layer disposed over the first polymer, the second cladding layer having a third refractive index, wherein the first and third refractive indices being less than the second refractive index.
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33. The optical waveguide according to claim 32, wherein the first refractive index is approximately equal to the third refractive index.
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34. The optical waveguide according to claim 32, further comprising a second polymer blended with the first polymer.
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35. The optical waveguide according to claim 32, wherein the first polymer is disposed on the first cladding layer by spin coating the first polymer onto the first cladding layer.
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21. A method of manufacturing a polymer comprising:
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providing a sodium salt of a fully halogenated substituted acid in liquid acetone, the sodium salt having a general composition 3(n+m)RR′
ZDDNa, wherein;
n and m are positive integers;
D is one of the elements of Group VIA;
Z is one of the elements of Group VA;
R is a first fully halogenated organic group; and
R′
is a second fully halogenated organic group;
providing a first rare earth chloride XCI3 in dry acetone, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium;
providing a second rare earth chloride YCI3 in dry acetone, wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium;
combining the sodium salt in the liquid acetone, the first rare earth chloride in the dry acetone, and the second rare earth chloride in the dry acetone together to form a mixture;
stirring the mixture under nitrogen for a predetermined period of time at a predetermined temperature;
adding distilled water to the mixture;
boiling the aqueous solution;
filtering the aqueous solution;
washing the aqueous solution with boiling water, forming a washed product; and
drying the washed product.- View Dependent Claims (22, 23, 24, 25)
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26. A polymer comprised of a general composition {XY[DDZRR′
- ]3}n, where;
X is a first rare earth element;
Y is a second rare earth element;
D is one of the elements of Group VIA;
Z is one of the elements of Group VA;
R is a first fully halogenated organic group;
R′
is a second fully halogenated organic group; and
n is an integer greater than 1;
the polymer being formed by;
providing a sodium salt of a fully halogenated substituted acid in liquid acetone, the sodium salt having a general composition 3(n+m)RR′
ZDDNa, wherein;
n and m are positive integers;
D is one of the elements of Group VIA;
Z is one of the elements of Group VA;
R is a first fully halogenated organic group; and
R′
is a second fully halogenated organic group;
providing a first rare earth chloride XCI3 in dry acetone, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium;
providing a second rare earth chloride YCI3 in dry acetone, wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium;
combining the sodium salt in the liquid acetone, the first rare earth chloride in the dry acetone, and the second rare earth chloride in the dry acetone together to form a mixture;
stirring the mixture under nitrogen for a predetermined period of time at a predetermined temperature;
adding distilled water to the mixture;
boiling the aqueous solution;
filtering the aqueous solution;
washing the aqueous solution with boiling water, forming a washed product; and
drying the washed product.
- ]3}n, where;
Specification