System and method for providing ballast loading for a turbo-generator

• US 6,545,373 B1
• Filed: 08/24/2001
• Issued: 04/08/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 08/24/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Smiths Aerospace, Inc. (Smiths Group International Holdings Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Smiths Aerospace, Inc. (Smiths Group International Holdings Ltd.)
• Inventors: Temple, Terry, Andres, Mike, Brady, Daniel E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ponomarenko, Nicholas
• Application Number:
  US09/939,236
• Publication Number:
  US 20030052652A1
• Time in Patent Office: 592 Days
• Field of Search: 290/52, 290/40.R, 290/40.C, 322/20, 322/36, 322/37, 606/60, 606/85
• US Class Current: 290/52
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 13/06 the air being conditioned pressurising B64D13/02
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 2013/0644 including electric motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: F01D 15/10 Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 6/08 the gas being bled from the gas-turbine compressor
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 7/32 Arrangement, mounting, or driving, of auxiliaries
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2220/50 for auxiliary power units (APU's)
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2220/768 equipped with permanent magnets
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 2101/30 for aircraft
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 9/02 Details of the control
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 9/107 for limiting effects of overloads
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 50/40 Weight reduction
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 50/50 On board measures aiming to increase energy efficiency
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 50/60 Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Abstract

A ballast load control system and method is presented that regulates the output electrical power supplied by a turbo-generator such that appropriate turbine loading may be achieved. Such enables the use of a turbo-generator having an expansion turbine to be used to provide a controlled, required amount of cooling to a thermal control system. By effectively varying the coupled electrical load, the loading provided to the expansion turbine may be controlled while maintaining output power requirements to connected electrical utilization equipment. Use of a common system controller for both the cooling system and ballast trim load system of the present invention ensures coordinated operation between the required amount of cooling and electrical power quality supplied to the coupled utilization equipment.

Claims

1. A method of providing controlled turbine loading in a turbo-generator based cooling system, comprising the steps of:

monitoring an output voltage of the turbo-generator;

selectively coupling a ballast load to an electrical output of the turbo-generator to maintain the output voltage at a predetermined level.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of selectively coupling the ballast load comprises the step of increasing the ballast load in response to an increase in the output voltage of the turbo-generator.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the ballast load comprises a plurality of parallel coupled ballast load elements, and wherein the step of increasing the ballast load comprises the step of coupling at least one additional ballast load element to the electrical output of the turbo-generator.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of selectively coupling the ballast load comprises the step of pulse-width modulating at a duty cycle the coupling of the ballast load to the electrical output, and wherein the step of increasing the ballast load comprises the step of increasing the duty cycle of the pulse-width modulated coupling.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of selectively coupling a ballast load comprises the step of decreasing the ballast load in response to an decrease in the output voltage of the turbo-generator.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the ballast load comprises a plurality of parallel coupled ballast load elements, and wherein the step of decreasing the ballast load comprises the step of disconnecting at least one of the ballast load elements from the electrical output.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of selectively coupling the ballast load comprises the step of pulse-width modulating at a duty cycle the coupling of the ballast load to the electrical output, and wherein the step of decreasing the ballast load comprises the step of decreasing the duty cycle of the pulse-width modulated coupling.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of selectively coupling the ballast load comprises the step of decreasing the ballast load in response to an increase in power demand from the turbo-generator by utilization equipment coupled thereto.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of selectively coupling the ballast load comprises the step of increasing the ballast load in response to a decrease in power demand from the turbo-generator by utilization equipment coupled thereto.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of selectively coupling the ballast load comprises the step of increasing the ballast load in response to an increase in air flow to a turbine of the turbo-generator.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of selectively coupling the ballast load comprises the step of decreasing the ballast load in response to a decrease in air flow to a turbine of the turbo-generator.

12. A ballast load system for use with a turbo-generator having a gas driven turbine drivably coupled to an electric generator, the electric generator producing an electrical output upon operation of the turbine, comprising:

a ballast load module;

a control module having an input for receiving the electrical output of the generator, and an output coupled to the ballast load module; and

a system controller having a first sensory input to sense the electrical output of the generator, the system controller commanding the control module to selectively couple the ballast load module to the input thereby varying an electrical load connected to the generator to maintain the electrical output of the generator at a predetermined level.

13. The ballast load system of claim 12, wherein the ballast load module comprises a plurality of parallel load elements, and wherein the control module comprises a plurality of parallel switching elements associated with the plurality of parallel load elements.

14. The ballast load system of claim 13, wherein the system controller commands the control module to close at least one additional switching element in response to an increase of voltage level of the electrical output.

15. The ballast load system of claim 13, wherein the system controller commands the control module to open at least one switching element in response to a decrease of voltage level of the electrical output.

16. The ballast load system of claim 12, wherein the ballast load module comprises a single load element, and wherein the control module comprises a controllable switching element, and wherein the system controller pulse-width modulates the controllable switching element to effectively vary the electrical load connected to the generator.

17. The ballast load system of claim 16, wherein the system controller increases a duty cycle of the pulse-width modulation of the controllable switching element in response to an increase of voltage level of the electrical output.

18. The ballast load system of claim 16, wherein the system controller decreases a duty cycle of the pulse-width modulation of the controllable switching element in response to a decrease of voltage level of the electrical output.

19. The ballast load system of claim 12, wherein the systems controller further controls an amount of gas to the turbine, and wherein the system controller commands the control module to selectively couple the ballast load module to the input thereby varying the electrical load connected to the generator in proportion to the amount of gas to the turbine.

20. The ballast load system of claim 12, wherein the control module further includes a second output adapted to supply electrical power to utilization equipment coupled thereto, and wherein the system controller commands the control module to vary the electrical load in inverse proportion to the electrical power supplied to the utilization equipment.

21. A cooling and electric power generation system, comprising:

a turbo-generator having a gas driven turbine drivably coupled to an electric generator, the electric generator producing an electrical output upon operation of the turbine, the turbine reducing a temperature of the gas;

a ballast load module;

a control module having an input for receiving the electrical output of the generator, a first output coupled to the ballast load module, and a second output adapted to couple to utilization equipment; and

a system controller having a first sensory input to sense the electrical output of the generator, the system controller commanding the control module to selectively couple the ballast load module to the input thereby varying an electrical load connected to the generator to maintain the electrical output of the generator at a predetermined level.

22. The system of claim 21, further comprising an input gas modulating valve, and wherein the system controller controls the modulating valve to vary an amount of cooling provided by the turbine, the system controller commanding the control module to vary the electrical load in proportion to the variation of the amount of cooling provided by the turbine.

23. The system of claim 21, wherein the system controller commands the control module to vary the electrical load in inverse proportion to an amount of electric power drawn by the utilization equipment.

24. The system of claim 21, wherein the ballast load module comprises a plurality of parallel load elements, and wherein the control module comprises a plurality of parallel switching elements associated with the plurality of parallel load elements.

25. The system of claim 21, wherein the ballast load module comprises a single load element, and wherein the control module comprises a controllable switching element, and wherein the system controller pulse-width modulates the controllable switching element to effectively vary the electrical load connected to the generator.