Coated nanoparticles

• US 6,548,264 B1
• Filed: 05/17/2000
• Issued: 04/15/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 05/17/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: University of Florida Research Foundation, Incorporated (State University System of Florida)
• Original Assignee: University of Florida (State University System of Florida)
• Inventors: Dobson, Jon, Zhang, Peng, Santra, Swadeshmukul, Tan, Weihong, Tapec, Rovelyn
• Primary Examiner(s): Chin, Christopher L.
• Application Number:
  US09/572,469
• Time in Patent Office: 1,063 Days
• Field of Search: 428/402, 428/402.2, 428/402.24, 428/403, 428/404, 428/405, 436/524, 436/525, 436/526, 436/527, 435/6, 435/7.5, 435/7.21
• US Class Current: 435/7.21
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 49/183 having a (super)(para)magnetic core coated or functionalised with an inorganic material or being composed of an inorganic material entrapping the MRI-active nucleus, e.g. silica core doped with a MRI-active nucleus
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 49/1875 coated or functionalised with an antibody
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 13/18 In situ polymerisation with all reactants being present in the same phase
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 25/00 Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 30/00 Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 5/00 Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
• CPC Class Codes: C09B 67/0005 the pigments being nanoparticles
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2446/20 the magnetic material being present in the particle core
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/54326 Magnetic particles
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/54346 Nanoparticles
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/552 Glass or silica
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/569 for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/587 Nanoparticles
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 1/0054 Coated nanoparticles, e.g. nanoparticles coated with organic surfactant
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2982 Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2984 Microcapsule with fluid core [includes liposome]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2989 Microcapsule with solid core [includes liposome]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2991 Coated
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2993 Silicic or refractory material containing [e.g., tungsten oxide, glass, cement, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2995 Silane, siloxane or silicone coating

Abstract

Disclosed are silica-coated nanoparticles and a process for producing silica-coated nanoparticles. Silica-coated nanoparticles are prepared by precipitating nano-sized cores from reagents dissolved in the aqueous compartment of a water-in-oil microemulsion. A reactive silicate is added to coat the cores with silica. Also disclosed are methods for functionalizing silica-coated nanoparticles for use in a variety of applications.

Claims

1. A plurality of nanoparticles having a mean size of less than 1 micron, each of said nanoparticles comprising (a) a core comprising a pigment and (b) a silica shell enveloping the core, wherein the pigment is an inorganic salt selected from potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, nickel sulfate, cobalt-chloride, iron(III) chloride, and copper nitrate.

2. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 1, wherein the mean size is between 1 nm and 300 nm.

3. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 1, wherein the mean size is between 2 nm and 10 nm.

4. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 1, wherein the silica shell is derivatized with a functional group.

5. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 4, wherein the functional group is a protein.

6. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 5, wherein the functional group is an antibody.

7. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 4, wherein the functional group is a nucleic acid.

8. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 4, wherein the functional group is a substance selected from the group consisting of biotin and streptavidin.

9. A plurality of nanoparticles having a mean size of less than 1 micron, each of said nanoparticles comprising (a) a core comprising a dye, and (b) a silica shell enveloping the core.

10. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 9, wherein the dye is selected from the group consisting of Ruthenium-tris(2,2′

-bipyridyl)dichloride and Europium-bis(2,2′

bipyridyl)trichloride.

11. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 9, wherein the mean size is between 1 nm and 300 nm.

12. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 9, wherein the mean size is between 2 nm and 10 nm.

13. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 9, wherein the silica shell is derivatized with a functional group.

14. A The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 13, wherein the functional group is a protein.

15. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 13, wherein the functional group is an antibody.

16. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 13, wherein the functional group is a nucleic acid.

17. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 13, wherein the functional group is a substance selected from the group consisting of biotin and streptavidin.

18. A plurality of nanoparticles having a mean size of between 2 nm and 10 nm, each of said nanoparticles comprising (a) a core comprising a metal and (b) a silica shell enveloping the core.

19. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 18, wherein the core is magnetic.

20. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 19, wherein the core is superparamagnetic.

21. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 19, wherein the core has a fixed magnetic moment.

22. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 18, wherein the core has a spherical shape.

23. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 18, wherein the core has an oblong shape.

24. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 18, wherein the core has a tube-like shape.

25. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 18, wherein the metal is magnetite.

26. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 18, wherein the metal is maghemite.

27. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 18, wherein the metal greigite.

28. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 18, wherein the silica shell is derivatized with a functional group.

29. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 28, wherein the functional group is a protein.

30. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 28, wherein the functional group is an antibody.

31. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 28, wherein the functional group is a nucleic acid.

32. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 28, wherein the functional group is a substance selected from the group consisting of biotin and streptavidin.

33. A plurality of nanoparticles having a mean size of less than 1 micron, each of said nanoparticles comprising (a) a core comprising a metal and (b) a silica shell enveloping the core, wherein the size distribution of the nanoparticles has a standard deviation of no more than 25 percent.

34. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 33, wherein the core is magnetic.

35. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 34, wherein the core is superparamagnetic.

36. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 34, wherein the core has a fixed magnetic moment.

37. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 33, wherein the core has a spherical shape.

38. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 33, wherein the core has an oblong shape.

39. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 33, wherein the core has a tube-like shape.

40. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 34, wherein the metal is magnetite.

41. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 34, wherein the metal is maghemite.

42. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 34, wherein the metal greigite.

43. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 33, wherein the silica shell is derivatized with a functional group.

44. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 43, wherein the functional group is a protein.

45. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 43, wherein the functional group is an antibody.

46. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 43, wherein the functional group is a nucleic acid.

47. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 43, wherein the functional group is a substance selected from the group consisting of biotin and streptavidin.

48. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 33, wherein the core consists of metal and each of the nanoparticles comprises a structure consisting of the core enveloped by the silica shell.

49. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 33, wherein the mean size is 10 nm.

50. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 33, wherein the mean size is 15 nm.

51. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 33, wherein the mean size is 20 nm.

52. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 33, wherein the mean size is 25 nm.

53. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 33, wherein the mean size is 30 nm.

54. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 33, wherein the mean size is 35 nm.

55. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 33, wherein the mean size is 50 nm.

56. A plurality of nanoparticles having a mean size of less than 1 micron, each of said nanoparticles comprising (a) a core comprising Ag, and (b) a silica shell enveloping the core.

57. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 56, wherein the mean size is between 1 nm and 300 nm.

58. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 56, wherein the mean size is between 2 nm and 10 nm.

59. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 56, wherein the silica shell is derivatized with a functional group.

60. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 59, wherein the functional group is a protein.

61. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 59, wherein the functional group is an antibody.

62. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 59, wherein the functional group is a nucleic acid.

63. The plurality of nanoparticles of claim 59, wherein the functional group is a substance selected from the group consisting of biotin and streptavidin.