Reconfigurable all-optical multiplexers with simultaneous add-drop capability

• US 6,549,699 B2
• Filed: 01/29/2002
• Issued: 04/15/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 03/19/2001
• Status: Expired

• Current Assignee: Capella Photonics, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Capella Photonics, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Wilde, Jeffrey P., Belser, Karl Arnold
• Primary Examiner(s): NGO, HUNG NHAT
• Application Number:
  US10/060,493
• Publication Number:
  US 20020131690A1
• Time in Patent Office: 441 Days
• Field of Search: 385/24, 385/37, 385/34, 385/33, 385/47
• US Class Current: 385/24
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/1006 for splitting or combining different wavelengths G02B27/1086, G02B27/141 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/2931 Diffractive element operating in reflection
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/29313 characterised by means for controlling the position or direction of light incident to or leaving the diffractive element, e.g. for varying the wavelength response switching G02B6/35
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/29383 Adding and dropping
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/29385 Channel monitoring, e.g. by tapping channel monitoring in optical transmission systems H04B10/07
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/29391 Power equalisation of different channels, e.g. power flattening
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/29395 configurable, e.g. tunable or reconfigurable switching G02B6/35
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/32 having lens focusing means positioned between opposed fibre ends with lens being an integral part of the single fibre end G02B6/262
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/34 utilising prism or grating G02B6/293 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3512 the optical element being reflective, e.g. mirror
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3518 the reflective optical element being an intrinsic part of a MEMS device, i.e. fabricated together with the MEMS device MEMS devices in general B81B; manufacture of MEM devices in general B81C; micromechanical devices controlling the direction of light G02B26/0833
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3556 NxM switch, i.e. regular arrays of switches elements of matrix type constellation
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/356 in an optical cross-connect device, e.g. routing and switching aspects of interconnecting different paths propagating different wavelengths to (re)configure the various input and output links switching polarized beams G02B6/3594; power equalizers G02B6/356 and G02B6/3594; path selecting means H04Q11/0001
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3586 Control or adjustment details, e.g. calibrating testing optical equipment G01M11/00
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3588 of the processed beams, i.e. controlling during switching of orientation, alignment, or beam propagation properties such as intensity, size or shape
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3592 Means for removing polarization dependence of the switching means, i.e. polarization insensitive switching light guides coupling with polarization selective and adjusting means G02B6/27

Abstract

This invention provides a novel wavelength-separating-routing (WSR) apparatus that uses a diffraction grating to separate a multi-wavelength optical signal by wavelength into multiple spectral channels, which are then focused onto an array of corresponding channel micromirrors. The channel micromirrors are individually controllable and continuously pivotable to reflect the spectral channels into multiple output ports. As such, the inventive WSR apparatus is capable of routing the spectral channels on a channel-by-channel basis and coupling any spectral channel into any one of the output ports. The WSR apparatus of the present invention may be further equipped with servo-control and spectral power-management capabilities, thereby maintaining the coupling efficiencies of the spectral channels into the output ports at desired values. The WSR apparatus of the present invention can be used to construct a novel class of dynamically reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (OADMs) for WDM optical networking applications.

Claims

1. An optical apparatus comprising:

a) a one-dimensional input-output-port array, providing multiple input ports including an input port for a multi-wavelength optical signal and a plurality of add ports, and multiple output ports including a pass-through port and a plurality of drop ports, wherein each drop port has a pairing add port;

b) a wavelength-separator, for separating said multi-wavelength optical signal by wavelength respectively into incoming spectral channels;

c) a beam-focuser, for focusing said incoming spectral channels into corresponding focused spots; and

d) an array of channel micromirrors positioned such that each channel micromirror receives a unique one of said incoming spectral channels, said channel micromirrors being individually and continuously pivotable to reflect said incoming spectral channels into selected ones of said output ports;

wherein said wavelength-separator and said beam-focuser further direct one or more add spectral channels from said add ports onto corresponding ones of said channel micromirrors, and wherein said input-output-port array is configured such that each channel micromirror is able to reflect an incoming spectral channel to a drop port and an impinging add spectral channel from a pairing add port to said pass-through port.

2. The optical apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a servo-control assembly, including a spectral power monitor for monitoring optical power levels of said reflected spectral channels in said pass-through port, and a processing unit responsive to said optical power levels for providing control of said channel micromirrors.

3. The optical apparatus of claim 2 wherein said optical power levels are maintained at a predetermined value.

4. The optical apparatus of claim 2 further comprising an optical switch having first and second switching states, whereby in said first switching state said spectral power monitor is in optical communication with said pass-through port, and in said second switching state said spectral power monitor is in optical communication with said drop ports.

5. The optical apparatus of claim 2 further comprising an auxiliary spectral power monitor, for measuring optical power levels of said reflected spectral channels coupled into said drop ports.

6. The optical apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an array of collimator-alignment mirrors, in optical communication with said wavelength-separator and said input-output-port array, for adjusting alignment of said multi-wavelength optical signal from said input port and said add spectral channels from said add ports, and for directing said reflected spectral channels into said output ports.

7. The optical apparatus of claim 6 further comprising first and second arrays of imaging lenses, in a telecentric arrangement with said collimator-alignment mirrors and said input-output-port array.

8. The optical apparatus of claim 6 wherein each collimator-alignment mirror is rotatable about at least one axis.

9. The optical apparatus of claim 1 wherein each channel micromirror is pivotable about at least one axis.

10. The optical apparatus of claim 1 wherein each channel micromirror is a silicon micromachined mirror.

11. The optical apparatus of claim 1 wherein said input-output-port array comprises alternating input and output ports.

12. The optical apparatus of claim 1 wherein said input-output-port array comprises fiber collimators.

13. The optical apparatus of claim 12 wherein said fiber collimators are mounted in a V-groove on a substrate.

14. The optical apparatus of claim 1 wherein said beam-focuser comprises a focusing lens, and wherein said wavelength-separator and said channel micromirrors are placed respectively in first and second focal planes of said focusing lens.

15. The optical apparatus of claim 1 wherein said wavelength-separator comprises an element selected from the group consisting of ruled diffraction gratings, holographic diffraction gratings, echelle gratings, curved diffraction gratings, transmission gratings, and dispersing prisms.

16. The optical apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a quarter-wave plate optically interposed between said wavelength-separator and said channel micromirrors.

17. The optical apparatus of claim 16 wherein said quarter-wave plate is optically interposed between said wavelength-separator and said beam-focuser.

18. The optical apparatus of claim 1 wherein said beam-focuser comprises an assembly of lenses.

19. An optical apparatus comprising:

a) an input-output-port array, providing a plurality of input ports including an input port for a multi-wavelength optical signal and at least one add port, and a plurality of output ports including a pass-through port and at least one drop port, wherein each drop port has a pairing add port;

b) a wavelength-separator, for separating said multi-wavelength optical signal by wavelength respectively into incoming spectral channels;

c) a beam-focuser, for focusing said incoming spectral channels into corresponding focused spots;

d) an array of channel micromirrors positioned such that each channel micromirror receives a unique one of said incoming spectral channels, said channel micromirrors being individually controllable to reflect said incoming spectral channels into selected ones of said output ports; and

e) a servo-control assembly;

wherein said wavelength-separator and said beam-focuser further direct at least one add spectral channel from said at least one add port onto said channel micromirrors, wherein said input-output-port array is configured such that each channel micromirror is able to reflect an incoming spectral channel to a drop port and an impinging add spectral channel from a pairing add port to said pass-through port, and wherein said servo-control assembly maintains a predetermined coupling of each reflected spectral channel into said pass-through port.

20. The optical apparatus of claim 19 wherein said servo-control assembly includes a spectral power monitor for monitoring optical power levels of said reflected spectral channels coupled into said pass-through port, and a processing unit responsive to said optical power levels for providing control of said channel micromirrors.

21. The optical apparatus of claim 20 wherein said optical power levels are maintained at a predetermined value.

22. The optical apparatus of claim 19 further comprising an optical combiner coupled to said drop ports, and an optical switch coupled to said optical combiner, said pass-through port, and said spectral power monitor, whereby in a first switching state of said optical switch said spectral power monitor is in optical communication with said pass-through port, and in a second switching state of said optical switch said spectral power monitor is in optical communication with said drop ports via said optical combiner.

23. The optical apparatus of claim 19 further comprising an auxiliary spectral power monitor, for measuring optical power levels of said reflected spectral channels into said drop ports.

24. The optical apparatus of claim 19 further comprising an array of collimator-alignment mirrors, in optical communication with said wavelength-separator and said input-output-port array, for adjusting alignment of said multi-wavelength optical signal from said input port and said add spectral channels from said add ports, and for directing said reflected spectral channels into said output ports.

25. The optical apparatus of claim 24 further comprising first and second arrays of imaging lenses, in a telecentric arrangement with said collimator-alignment mirrors and said input-output-port array.

26. The optical apparatus of claim 24 wherein each collimator-alignment mirror is rotatable about at least one axis.

27. The optical apparatus of claim 19 wherein each channel micromirror is continuously pivotable about at least one axis.

28. The optical apparatus of claim 19 wherein each channel micromirror is a silicon micromachined mirror.

29. The optical apparatus of claim 19 wherein said input-output-port array is a one-dimensional array, having alternating input and output ports.

30. The optical apparatus of claim 19 wherein said input-output-port array is a two-dimensional array, configured such that said input ports and said output ports are separately grouped in two columns.

31. The optical apparatus of claim 19 wherein said input-output-port array comprises fiber collimators.

32. The optical apparatus of claim 19 wherein said beam-focuser comprises a focusing lens having first and second focal planes, and wherein said wavelength-separator and said channel micromirrors are placed respectively in said first and second focal planes.

33. The optical apparatus of claim 19 wherein said wavelength-separator comprises an element selected from the group consisting of ruled diffraction gratings, holographic diffraction gratings, echelle gratings, curved diffraction gratings, transmission gratings, and dispersing prisms.

34. The optical apparatus of claim 19 further comprising a quarter-wave plate optically interposed between said wavelength-separator and said channel micromirrors.

35. The optical apparatus of claim 19 wherein said beam-focuser comprises an assembly of lenses.