Continuously variable transmission
First Claim
1. A continuously variable transmission having a longitudinal axis, comprising:
- a plurality of spherical power adjusters, wherein each power adjuster has at least one central bore that is centrally located within the power adjuster and that defines an axis of rotation of the power adjuster;
a drive disc annularly rotatable about the longitudinal axis and contacting a first point on each of the power adjusters and having a first side facing the power adjusters and a second side facing away from the power adjusters;
a plurality of generally elongated spindles having two ends and a longitudinal axis, wherein each spindle is positioned in the bore of one of the power adjusters;
a plurality of spindle supports having a platform end and spindle end, wherein two spindle supports are provided for each spindle, and wherein the spindle end of each spindle support is operably engaged with one of the two ends of one of the plurality of spindles;
a support member providing a support surface that is in frictional contact with a second point on each of the power adjusters, wherein the support member rotates coaxially about the longitudinal axis, is centrally located between the power adjusters, and has two ends;
an output drive disc annularly rotatable about the longitudinal axis that contacts a third point on the power adjusters;
a stationary case at least partially enclosing the transmission;
two platforms, one located axially adjacent to each end of the support member, for actuating axial movement of the support member and for actuating a shift in the axis of rotation of the power adjusters, wherein each platform provides a convex surface that is operably engaged with the platform ends of the plurality of spindle supports;
annular first and second stationary supports each having a first side facing the power adjusters and a second side facing away from the power adjusters, each of the first and second stationary supports also having a concave surface on the first side, and wherein the first stationary support is located adjacent to the drive disc and the second stationary support is located adjacent to the output drive disc;
a plurality of spacers having a longitudinal axis and two ends, wherein the spacers are adapted to interconnect the stationary supports thereby maintaining an orientation of the first stationary support with respect to the second stationary support, and;
at least one generally annular spacer extension attached to at least one of the plurality of spacers and located between the first and second stationary supports.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A continuously variable transmission is disclosed for use in rotationally or linearly powered machines and vehicles. The single axle transmission provides a simple manual shifting method for the user. An additional embodiment is disclosed which shifts automatically dependent upon the rotational speed of the wheel. Further, the practical commercialization of traction roller transmissions requires improvements in the reliability, ease of shifting, function and simplicity of the transmission. The disclosed transmission may be used in vehicles such as automobiles, motorcycles, and bicycles. The transmission may, for example, be driven by a power transfer mechanism such as a sprocket, gear, pulley or lever, optionally driving a one way clutch attached at one end of the main shaft.
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Citations
106 Claims
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1. A continuously variable transmission having a longitudinal axis, comprising:
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a plurality of spherical power adjusters, wherein each power adjuster has at least one central bore that is centrally located within the power adjuster and that defines an axis of rotation of the power adjuster;
a drive disc annularly rotatable about the longitudinal axis and contacting a first point on each of the power adjusters and having a first side facing the power adjusters and a second side facing away from the power adjusters;
a plurality of generally elongated spindles having two ends and a longitudinal axis, wherein each spindle is positioned in the bore of one of the power adjusters;
a plurality of spindle supports having a platform end and spindle end, wherein two spindle supports are provided for each spindle, and wherein the spindle end of each spindle support is operably engaged with one of the two ends of one of the plurality of spindles;
a support member providing a support surface that is in frictional contact with a second point on each of the power adjusters, wherein the support member rotates coaxially about the longitudinal axis, is centrally located between the power adjusters, and has two ends;
an output drive disc annularly rotatable about the longitudinal axis that contacts a third point on the power adjusters;
a stationary case at least partially enclosing the transmission;
two platforms, one located axially adjacent to each end of the support member, for actuating axial movement of the support member and for actuating a shift in the axis of rotation of the power adjusters, wherein each platform provides a convex surface that is operably engaged with the platform ends of the plurality of spindle supports;
annular first and second stationary supports each having a first side facing the power adjusters and a second side facing away from the power adjusters, each of the first and second stationary supports also having a concave surface on the first side, and wherein the first stationary support is located adjacent to the drive disc and the second stationary support is located adjacent to the output drive disc;
a plurality of spacers having a longitudinal axis and two ends, wherein the spacers are adapted to interconnect the stationary supports thereby maintaining an orientation of the first stationary support with respect to the second stationary support, and;
at least one generally annular spacer extension attached to at least one of the plurality of spacers and located between the first and second stationary supports. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 104, 105, 106)
an annular case bearing wherein the case bearing is located between the stationary case and the output drive disc;
a bearing disc annularly rotatable about the longitudinal axis, and positioned axially adjacent to the second side of the drive disc;
a set of ramps attached to the bearing disc adapted to produce an axial force that is transferred to the drive disc;
a set of generally annular ramp bearings contacting the ramps and positioned between the bearing disc and the drive disc, wherein the set of ramp bearings is adapted to transfer an axial force to the drive disc;
an annular hub cap adapted to engage the stationary case to at least partially enclose the transmission; and
an annular hub cap bearing located between the bearing disc and the hub cap adapted to allow for relative motion between the bearing disc and the hub cap.
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27. The transmission of claim 26, wherein an axial force is generated that is adapted to prevent the power adjusters from slipping in at least one transmission ratio, wherein the axial force is applied to the drive disc and is supported by the stationary case via the hub cap bearing and the case bearing.
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28. The transmission of claim 1, further comprising a screw and a nut, wherein the screw and nut allow disengagement of the transmission.
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29. The transmission of claim 1, further comprising a screw attached to an inner bore of the drive disc and a nut, which is attached to an inner bore of the bearing disc and is adapted to engage the screw, wherein the screw and the nut provide axial force to the drive disc.
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30. The transmission of claim 29, further comprising;
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a bearing disc annularly rotatable about the longitudinal axis, and positioned axially adjacent to the second side of the drive disc;
a set of ramps attached to the bearing disc adapted to produce an axial force that is transferred to the drive disc; and
a set of generally annular ramp bearings contacting the ramps and positioned between the bearing disc and the drive disc, wherein the set of ramp bearings is adapted to transfer an axial force to the drive disc when the screw and nut are not providing axial force to the drive disc.
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31. The transmission of claim 29, further comprising;
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a bearing disc annularly rotatable about the longitudinal axis, and positioned axially adjacent to the second side of the drive disc;
a set of ramps attached to the bearing disc adapted to produce an axial force that is transferred to the drive disc; and
a set of generally annular ramp bearings contacting the ramps and positioned between the bearing disc and the drive disc, wherein the set of ramp bearings is adapted to transfer an axial force to the drive disc in conjunction with the screw and nut in order to vary the axial force to the drive disc.
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32. The transmission of claim 1, further comprising a screw attached to an inner bore of the drive disc and a nut, which is attached to an inner bore of the bearing disc and is adapted to engage the screw, wherein the screw and the nut have a left-hand thread if the screw and nut are rotated clockwise from a perspective looking from the bearing disc toward the power adjusters.
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104. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of;
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creating an axial force proportional to a torque of the input rotation; and
applying the axial force to the driving disc to prevent slipping between the drive disc and the power adjusters.
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105. The method of claim 2, further comprising creating the axial force with two axial force generators.
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106. The method of claim 2, further comprising disengaging the drive disc from the power adjusters when the input rotation ceases.
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33. A continuously variable transmission having a longitudinal axis comprising:
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a plurality of spherical power adjusters, wherein each power adjuster has at least one central bore that is centrally located within the power adjuster and that defines an axis of rotation of the power adjuster;
a drive disc annularly rotatable about the longitudinal axis and contacting a first point on each of the power adjusters and having a first side facing the power adjusters and a second side facing away from the power adjusters;
a support member providing a support surface that is in frictional contact with a second point on each of the power adjusters, wherein the support member rotates coaxially about the longitudinal axis, is centrally located between the power adjusters and has two ends;
a plurality of generally elongated spindles having two ends and a longitudinal axis, wherein each spindle is positioned in the bore of one of the power adjusters;
a plurality of spindle supports having a platform end and spindle end, wherein two spindle supports are provided for each spindle, wherein the spindle end of each spindle support is operably engaged with one of the two ends of one of the plurality of spindles, and wherein each of the spindle supports adjusts the axis of rotation of a power adjuster in response to the axial movement of the support member. two platforms, one located axially adjacent to each end of the support member, for actuating axial movement of the support member and for actuating a shift in the axis of rotation of the power adjusters, wherein each platform provides a convex surface that is operably engaged with the platform ends of the plurality of spindle supports;
first and second annular contact bearings, each positioned between a respective one of the first and second platform and a corresponding end of the support member;
annular first and second stationary supports each having a first side facing the power adjusters and a second side facing away from the power adjusters, each of the first and second stationary supports also having a concave surface on the first side, and wherein the first stationary support is located adjacent to the drive disc and the second stationary support is located adjacent to the output drive disc; and
a plurality of spacers having a longitudinal axis and two ends, wherein the spacers are adapted to interconnect the stationary supports thereby maintaining an orientation of the first stationary support with respect to the second stationary support. - View Dependent Claims (34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45)
a bearing disc annularly rotatable about the longitudinal axis, and positioned axially adjacent to the second side of the drive disc;
a set of ramps attached to the bearing disc adapted to produce an axial force that is transferred to the drive disc;
a set of generally annular ramp bearings contacting the ramps and positioned between the bearing disc and the drive disc, wherein the set of ramp bearings is adapted to transfer an axial force to the drive disc;
a hub shell adapted to at least partially enclose the transmission;
an annular hub cap adapted to engage the hub shell and adapted to at least partially enclose the transmission; and
an annular hub cap bearing located between the bearing disc and the hub cap adapted to allow for relative motion between the bearing disc and the hub cap.
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40. The transmission of claim 39, wherein an axial force is generated that is adapted to prevent the power adjusters from slipping in at least one transmission ratio, wherein the axial force is applied to the drive disc and is supported by the hub shell via the hub cap and the hub cap bearing.
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41. The transmission of claim 33, further comprising a screw attached to an inner bore of the drive disc and a nut, which is attached to an inner bore of the bearing disc and is adapted to engage the screw, wherein the screw and the nut are adapted to allow disengagement of the transmission.
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42. The transmission of claim 33, further comprising a screw attached to an inner bore of the drive disc and a nut, which is attached to an inner bore of the bearing disc and is adapted to engage the screw, wherein the screw and the nut provide axial force to the drive disc.
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43. The transmission of claim 42, further comprising:
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a bearing disc annularly rotatable about the longitudinal axis, and positioned axially adjacent to the second side of the drive disc;
a set of ramps attached to the bearing disc adapted to produce an axial force that is transferred to the drive disc;
a set of generally annular ramp bearings contacting the ramps and positioned between the bearing disc and the drive disc, wherein the set of ramp bearings is adapted to transmit an axial force to the drive disc when the screw and nut are not providing an axial force to the drive disc.
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44. The transmission of claim 42, further comprising;
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a bearing disc annularly rotatable about the longitudinal axis, and positioned axially adjacent to the second side of the drive disc;
a set of ramps attached to the bearing disc adapted to produce an axial force that is transferred to the drive disc;
a set of generally annular ramp bearings contacting the ramps and positioned between the bearing disc and the drive disc, wherein the set of ramp bearings is adapted to transmit an axial force to the drive disc in conjunction with the screw and the nut in order to vary the axial force to the drive disc.
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45. The transmission of claim 33, further comprising a screw attached to an inner bore of the drive disc and a nut, which is attached to an inner bore of the bearing disc and is adapted to engage the screw, wherein the screw and the nut have left-hand threads if the screw and nut are rotated clockwise, from a perspective looking from the bearing disc toward the power adjusters.
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46. A continuously variable transmission having a longitudinal axis, comprising;
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a plurality of power adjusters, wherein each power adjuster has a tiltable axis of rotation, and each power adjuster is located radially outward from the longitudinal axis;
a generally annular drive disc rotatable about the longitudinal axis and contacting a first point on each of the power adjusters, and having a first side contacting the power adjusters and a second side facing away from the power adjusters;
a generally cylindrical support member coaxial with and rotatable about the longitudinal axis and contacting a second point on each power adjuster;
a generally annular output drive disc coaxial with and rotatable about the longitudinal axis and contacting a third point on each power adjuster;
a bearing disc annularly rotatable about the longitudinal axis, and positioned along the longitudinal axis near the second side of the drive disc; and
at least two axial force generators, wherein the axial force generators are located axially between the drive disc and the bearing disc, and wherein each axial force generator is adapted to apply a component of an axial force to the drive disc. - View Dependent Claims (47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58)
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59. A continuously variable transmission having a longitudinal axis, comprising;
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a plurality of power adjusters, wherein each power adjuster has a tiltable axis of rotation, and each power adjuster is located radially outward from the longitudinal axis;
a generally annular drive disc rotatable about the longitudinal axis and contacting a first point on each of the power adjusters, and having a first side contacting the power adjusters and a second side facing away from the power adjusters;
a generally cylindrical support member coaxial with and rotatable about the longitudinal axis and contacting a second point on each power adjuster;
a generally annular output drive disc coaxial with and rotatable about the longitudinal axis and contacting a third point on each power adjuster;
a bearing disc annularly rotatable about the longitudinal axis, and positioned along the longitudinal axis near the second side of the drive disc;
disengagement means positioned between the bearing disc and the drive disc and adapted to disconnect the drive disc from the power adjusters when an input rotational force is ceased. - View Dependent Claims (60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76)
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77. A continuously variable transmission having a longitudinal axis, comprising;
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a plurality of power adjusters, wherein each havs a tiltable axis of rotation, and each power adjuster is located radially outward from the longitudinal axis;
a generally annular drive disc rotatable about the longitudinal axis and contacting a first point on each of the power adjusters, and having a first side contacting the power adjusters and a second side facing away from the power adjusters;
a generally annular output drive disc coaxial with and rotatable about the longitudinal axis and contacting a second point on each power adjuster;
a bearing disc annularly rotatable about the longitudinal axis, and positioned along the longitudinal axis near the second side of the drive disc;
a generally cylindrical support member annularly rotatable about and coaxial with the longitudinal axis and contacting a third point on each of the power adjusters, wherein the support member is adapted to pull toward the drive disc when it is rotating more slowly than the output drive disc and pull toward the output drive disc when it is rotating more slowly than the drive disc. - View Dependent Claims (78, 79, 80, 81)
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82. A continuously variable transmission having a longitudinal axis, comprising;
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a plurality of spherical power adjusters, wherein each has a tiltable axis of rotation and a bore through its center, and wherein each power adjuster is located radially outward from the longitudinal axis;
a generally annular drive disc rotatable about the longitudinal axis and contacting a first point on each of the power adjusters;
a generally annular output drive disc rotatable about the longitudinal axis and contacting a second point on each of the power adjusters;
a generally cylindrical support member annularly rotatable about and coaxial with the longitudinal axis and contacting a third point on each of the power adjusters;
a plurality of generally elongated spindles having two ends and a longitudinal axis, wherein each spindle is positioned in the bore of one of the power adjusters such that a movement of the axis of the spindle changes the axis of rotation of an associated power adjuster;
a plurality of spindle supports each having a platform end and a spindle end, wherein the spindle end of each spindle support is operably engaged with one of the two ends of one of the plurality of spindles, and wherein each of the spindle supports adjusts the axis of rotation of a power adjuster in response to the axial movement of the support member;
a plurality of stationary support wheels, wherein at least one stationary support wheel is operably attached to each spindle support, and wherein the stationary support wheels are adapted to guide the spindle support as the spindle support adjusts the axis of rotation of the poser adjusters; and
annular first and second stationary supports each having a first side facing the power adjusters and a second side facing away from the power adjusters, each of the first and second stationary supports also having a concave surface on the first side, and wherein the first stationary support is located adjacent to the drive disc and the second stationary support is located adjacent to the output drive disc. - View Dependent Claims (83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95)
a plurality of platform wheels rotatably attached to the platform end of the spindle supports;
first and second platforms, which are generally annular discs coaxial with the longitudinal axis and positioned on either side of the support member, and each platform having a platform side facing away from the support member, wherein the platforms each have a convex surface on their platform side, and wherein each of the platform wheels is configured to rollingly engage one of the convex surfaces such that axial movement of the platforms causes a shift of the transmission.
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94. The transmission of claim 93, wherein each wheel is affixed to the platform end of one of the plurality of spindle supports in a slot formed in the platform end of the spindle support that is adapted to house a platform wheel.
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95. The transmission of claim 82, wherein each spindle support has at least three holes formed therethrough such that each spindle support is adapted to support one of the spindles, one of the stationary support wheels and one of the platform wheels.
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96. A continuously variable transmission having a longitudinal axis, comprising;
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a plurality of spherical power adjusters, wherein each power adjuster has a tiltable axis of rotation and a bore through its center, and wherein each power adjuster is located radially outward from the longitudinal axis;
a drive disc annularly rotatable about the longitudinal axis and contacting a first point on each of the power adjusters, and having a first side facing the power adjusters and a second side facing away from the power adjusters;
a generally annular output drive disc rotatable about the longitudinal axis and contacting a second point on each of the power adjusters;
a generally cylindrical support member annularly rotatable about and coaxial with the longitudinal axis and contacting a third point on each of the power adjusters;
a plurality of generally elongated spindles having two ends and a longitudinal axis, wherein each spindle is positioned in the bore of one of the power adjusters such that a movement of the axis of the spindle changes the axis of rotation of an associated power adjuster;
a plurality of spindle supports each having a platform end and a spindle end, wherein the spindle end of each spindle support is operably engaged with one of the two ends of one of the plurality of spindles, and wherein each of the spindle supports adjusts the axis of rotation of a power adjuster in response to the axial movement of the support member;
a plurality of stationary support wheels, wherein at least one stationary support wheel is operably attached to each spindle support, and wherein the stationary support wheels are adapted to guide the spindle support as the spindle support adjusts the axis of rotation of the poser adjusters;
a bearing disc annularly rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the transmission and positioned along the longitudinal axis near the second side of the drive disc;
annular first and second stationary supports each having a first side facing the power adjusters and a second side facing away from the power adjusters, each of the first and second stationary supports also having a concave surface on the first side, and wherein the first stationary support is located adjacent to the drive disc and the second stationary support is located adjacent to the output drive disc; and
a coiled spring positioned between the bearing disc and the drive disc adapted to bias the drive disc to contact with the power adjusters. - View Dependent Claims (97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102)
a generally tubular hollow shaft coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the transmission and having an end, which extends out of the transmission and has a set of external threads;
a rod having first and second ends and located coaxially within the hollow shaft;
a rotatable shifter for changing a transmission ratio of the transmission attatched to the first end of the rod and having a set of internal threads, wherein when the rotatable shifter is rotated the rod is moved axially; and
a sleeve operably attached to the support member and the second end of the rod, and wherein axial movement of the rod causes the sleeve to move the support member, thereby shifting the transmission.
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100. The transmission of claim 99, further comprising:
a shifter spring adapted to engage the rotatable shifter to bias the rotation of the rotatable shifter.
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101. The transmission of claim 100, wherein the shifter spring has a first end and a second end and fits coaxially over the longitudinal axis of the transmission, and wherein the shifter spring is operably attached at its first end to the rod and is attached at the second end to a stationary object.
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102. The transmission of claim 99, further comprising:
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a generally tubular rotatable handlegrip;
a tether having a first end engaged with the handlegrip and a second end engaged with the rotatable shifter, wherein, the handlegrip is adapted to apply tension to the tether, and wherein the tether in turn actuates the rotatable shifter so as to axially align the support member, thereby shifting the transmission remotely.
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103. A method of providing continuously variable transmission of an input rotation, the method comprising the steps of:
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providing the input rotation from a driving disc;
applying the input rotation from the driving disc to one point on all of a plurality of spherical power adjusters and thereby rotating the power adjusters, wherein each power adjuster is adapted to rotate about an axis of rotation;
contacting the power adjusters with an output drive disc, thereby converting the input rotation to an output rotation of the output drive disc, wherein a speed of the output rotation is dependent upon the axis of rotation of the power adjusters;
supporting each of the plurality of power adjusters in their radial positions with a support member;
aligning axially the position of the support member with adjustment platforms; and
adjusting the axis of rotation of the power adjusters by axially moving the support platforms.
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Specification