Fuel cell system

• US 6,551,731 B1
• Filed: 03/31/2000
• Issued: 04/22/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 05/29/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Areva Energietechnik GmbH (Government of France)
• Original Assignee: AEG Energietechnik GmbH
• Inventors: Lamm, Arnold, Kohlstruck, Bernd, Filip, Gerhard, Berg, Norbert
• Primary Examiner(s): Chaney, Carol
• Assistant Examiner(s): Dove, Tracy
• Application Number:
  US09/720,061
• Time in Patent Office: 1,117 Days
• Field of Search: 429/13, 429/17, 429/23, 429/38
• US Class Current: 429/433
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0082 Organic polymers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04 Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04007 related to heat exchange
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04089 of gaseous reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04097 with recycling of the reactants H01M8/04119, H01M8/04104 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04186 of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04225 during start-up
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/043 applied during specific periods
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04303 applied during shut-down
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04597 of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04731 of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04753 of fuel cell reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04761 of fuel cell exhausts
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1009 with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged H01M8/12 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/241 with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/247 Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel cell system (11, 111) comprising an anode chamber (13, 113) and a cathode chamber (14, 114) which are separated from each other by a proton conducting membrane (15, 115). When the fuel cell system is operated, fuel, in particular H₂ or a water/methanol mixture, can be fed to the anode chamber and an oxidant, in particular oxygen, can be fed to the cathode chamber. In standby mode, the cathode chamber (14, 114) does not allow flow through and the oxidant and fuel are present in both the cathode chamber (14, 114) and the anode chamber (13, 113), respectively. The fuel cell system remains at operating temperature in the standby mode. This enables the fuel cell system (11) to be used as a combined interruption-free power supply unit and backup unit.

Claims

1. A fuel cell system comprising:

an anode chamber;

a cathode chamber;

a proton conducting membrane disposed between and separating said anode chamber and said cathode chamber;

means for supplying fuel to said anode chamber during an operational state;

means for supplying an oxidant to said cathode chamber during said operational state;

means for filling said anode chamber with fuel during a standby state;

means for filling said cathode chamber with oxidant during said standby state; and

means for preventing oxidant flow through said cathode chamber during said standby state, wherein said cathode chamber is connected to a cathode outlet having a cathode outlet blocking member which is closed in the standby state.

2. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein said oxidant comprises gaseous oxygen and further comprising means for the exertion of pressure with said oxidant on said membrane.

3. The fuel cell system of claim 2, wherein said oxidant comprises air and further comprising means for the exertion of pressure with said air on said membrane.

4. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein said blocking member comprises a magnetic valve.

5. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein said cathode chamber is connected to a cathode inlet which, via a first blocking member, is connected to a least one tank filled with said oxidant, wherein said first blocking member is opened during said standby state.

6. The fuel cell system of claim 5, further comprising a pressure reducer disposed in said cathode inlet.

7. The fuel cell system of claim 5, wherein said first blocking member comprises a first magnetic valve.

8. The fuel cell system of claim 5, wherein the cathode chamber is connected, via said cathode inlet and a second blocking member to a compressor means, said compressor means intaking gas.

9. The fuel cell system of claim 8, wherein said second blocking means comprises a second magnetic valve.

10. The fuel cell system of claim 8, wherein said gas comprises air.

11. The fuel cell system of claim 1, further comprising means for the exertion of pressure with said fuel on said membrane.

12. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein said anode chamber is connected to an anode circuit.

13. The fuel cell system of claim 12, wherein said fuel comprises a water/methanol mixture and said anode circuit comprises temperature control means.

14. The fuel cell system of claim 13, wherein said temperature control means comprise a pump and a heater.

15. The fuel cell system of claim 13, further comprising means for exerting pressure on said anode circuit with an inert gas.

16. The fuel cell system of claim 15, wherein said inert gas consists essentially of nitrogen.

17. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein said fuel comprises hydrogen and aid anode chamber is connected to an anode outlet having an anode outlet blocking member which is closed in said standby state.

18. The fuel cell system of claim 17, wherein said anode outlet blocking member comprises a third magnetic valve.

19. The fuel cell system of claim 17, wherein said anode chamber has an anode inlet connected to an anode circuit and said cathode chamber has a cathode inlet connected to a cathode circuit, said anode circuit comprising a first fluid entrainment pump and a fourth blocking member, said cathode circuit comprising a second fluid entrainment pump and a fifth blocking member.

20. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein said fuel cell system comprises a gas-tight housing, wherein said housing is connected to a gas pressure vessel.

21. The fuel cell system of claim 20, wherein said housing comprises means for heat insulation and wherein said pressure vessel contains nitrogen.

22. The fuel cell system of claim 1, further comprising a temperature control circuit.

23. The fuel cell system of claim 1, further comprising means for interruption-free current supply to at least one electrical user, means for supplying energy to said user from an alternating current power network, and means for supplying energy from said fuel cell system to said user in the event of breakdown in the alternating current power network, wherein said fuel cell system is normally in the standby state.

24. A method for operating the fuel cell system of claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:

a) filling said anode chamber with fuel during a standby state of the fuel system;

b) filling said cathode chamber with oxidant, during said standby state, said anode chamber separated from said cathode chamber by said proton conducting membrane;

c) preventing oxidant flow through said cathode chamber during said standby state;

d) detecting breakdown in an alternating current power network normally supplying energy to a user;

e) switching the fuel cell system into an operational state following step d), wherein oxidant is permitted to flow through said cathode chamber;

f) supplying fuel to said anode chamber following step e); and

g) supplying oxidant to said cathode chamber following step e).

25. The method of claim 24, further comprising preventing fuel flow through said anode chamber during said standby state.

26. The method of claim 24, further comprising exerting pressure on said membrane with said fuel and said oxidant during said standby state.

27. The method of claim 24, wherein step e) comprises the step of opening a cathode outlet blocking member.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein step b) comprises introducing oxidant into said cathode chamber from a tank and step g) comprises suctioning a gas into said cathode chamber.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein said gas comprises air.

30. The method of claim 27, wherein step e) comprises the step of opening an anode outlet blocking member.

31. The method of claim 24, further comprising keeping the fuel cell system under gas pressure within an inner chamber of a housing.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein said gas pressure is exercised using nitrogen.

33. The method of claim 24, further comprising maintaining the fuel cell at an operational temperature.