Use of background electrolytes to minimize flux variability during iontophoresis
First Claim
1. An iontophoresis device that minimizes changes in active agent flux and reduces intertissue variability comprising:
- a) a first electrode assembly adapted to be placed in agent transmitting relation with a body tissue comprising (i) a pharmacologically active agent to be delivered; and
(ii) at least one background co-ion having a hindrance factor that changes at a faster rate than the hindrance factor of the active agent when an electrical current is applied;
b) a second electrode assembly adapted to be placed in ion transmitting relation with the body surface at a location spaced apart from the first electrode assembly; and
c) an electrical current source, electrically connected to the first and second electrode assemblies.
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Abstract
A device and method are provided that minimize the changes in flux encountered during iontophoresis and reduce inter-subject variability. For drug delivery, the active agent to be delivered is administered in conjunction with at least one background ion having a hindrance factor that changes at a faster rate than the hindrance factor of the active agent when an electrical current is applied. For analyte extraction, the extraction reservoir contains at least one background ion having a hindrance factor that changes at a faster rate than the hindrance factor of the background ions of the analyte in the tissue when an electrical current is applied.
123 Citations
89 Claims
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1. An iontophoresis device that minimizes changes in active agent flux and reduces intertissue variability comprising:
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a) a first electrode assembly adapted to be placed in agent transmitting relation with a body tissue comprising (i) a pharmacologically active agent to be delivered; and
(ii) at least one background co-ion having a hindrance factor that changes at a faster rate than the hindrance factor of the active agent when an electrical current is applied;
b) a second electrode assembly adapted to be placed in ion transmitting relation with the body surface at a location spaced apart from the first electrode assembly; and
c) an electrical current source, electrically connected to the first and second electrode assemblies. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
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- 19. In a method for delivering a pharmacologically active.agent across body. tissue using electrical current, the improvement comprising co-delivering with the active agent at least one background co-ion having a hindrance factor that changes at a faster rate than the hindrance factor of the active agent when an electrical current is applied, whereby changes in active agent flux are minimized and intertissue variability is reduced.
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22. A method for delivering a pharmacologically active agent across body tissue, comprising:
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(a) placing in contact with the body tissue a composition comprising the pharmacologically active agent and at least one background co-ion having a hindrance factor that changes at a faster rate than the hindrance factor of the active agent when an electrical current is applied; and
(b) applying an electrical current to the region of tissue, the current of a voltage and duration effective to induce electroporation of the body surface in said tissue. - View Dependent Claims (23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40)
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41. An iontophoresis device that minimizes changes in permeant flux and reduces intertissue variability comprising:
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a) a first electrode assembly adapted to be placed in agent transmitting relation with a body tissue comprising (i) a reservoir for containing a substance extracted from the body; and
(ii) at least one background ion having a hindrance factor that changes at a faster rate than the hindrance factor of the tissue background ions (the co-ion of the analyte) present in the body when an electrical current is applied;
b) a second electrode assembly adapted to be placed in ion transmitting relation with the body surface at a location spaced apart from the first electrode assembly; and
c) an electrical current source, electrically connected to the first and second electrode assemblies. - View Dependent Claims (42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63)
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- 64. In a method for extracting a permeant across body tissue using electrical current, the improvement comprising transporting, at the same time and in a different direction of the analyte, at least one background ion having a hindrances factor that changes at a faster rate than the hindrance factor of the co-ion of the analyte in the body, whereby changes in permeant flux are minimized and intertissue variability is reduced.
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67. A method for extracting an analyte permeant agent across body tissue, comprising:
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(a) placing in contact with the body tissue a composition comprising at least one background ion having a hindrance factor that changes at a faster rate than the hindrance factor of the co-ion of the analyte in the body when an electrical current is applied; and
(b) applying an electrical current to the region of tissue, the current of a voltage and duration effective to induce electroporation of the body surface in said tissue. - View Dependent Claims (68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89)
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Specification