Method and arrangement for blood pressure measurement

• US 6,554,773 B1
• Filed: 06/07/2000
• Issued: 04/29/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 09/12/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Polar Electro Oy, POLAR ELECTRO OY3
• Original Assignee: Polar Electro Oy
• Inventors: Niemimäki, Mika, Sorvisto, Mika, Sorvoja, Hannu, Ruha, Antti, Nissilä, Seppo
• Primary Examiner(s): Nasser, Robert L.
• Application Number:
  US09/508,355
• Time in Patent Office: 1,056 Days
• Field of Search: 600/481, 600/485, 600/490, 600/493-496, 600/500
• US Class Current: 600/485
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0002 Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network A61B5/07 takes precedence; transmission systems for measured values G08C; transmission H04B; transmission of digital information H04L; wireless communication networks H04W
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0017 transmitting optical signals transmission by light H04B10/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/022 by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02225 using the oscillometric method

Abstract

A method and arrangement for blood pressure measurement are disclosed. In the method, a variable, compressive, acting pressure is applied to a compression, such as a person'"'"'s extremity, by a pressure generator, and simultaneously, the effect of the variable acting pressure on the extremity is measured at a second point, the second point being farther from the heart than the compression point. The method determines diastolic and systolic pressure. The measured value of the variable acting pressure acting on the compression point is transferred to an interpreting unit, which also receives a pressure pulse generated by the heart. The pressure pulse is measured by a sensor at the second point for determining the effect of the variable acting pressure on the extremity. Further, diastolic pressure is determined int he interpreting unit based on the variable acting pressure, as the pressure when the interpreting unit detects a change in a trend of a characteristic of the pressure pulse indicative of magnitude.

Claims

1. A method for blood pressure measurement, comprising applying a variable compressive acting pressure to a measuring point at a compression point by a pressure generator, and at the same time using a sensor to measure an arterial pressure pulse under the effect of the variable acting pressure on the artery at a second point, the second point being located farther away from the heart than the compression point to which the acting pressure is applied,

characterized by providing a signal representing the measured value of the variable pressure acting on the measuring point at the compression point to an interpreting unit, sending a pressure pulse signal representing the measured arterial pressure pulse from the sensor to the interpreting unit, and determining diastolic pressure in the interpreting unit on the basis of the variable acting pressure when the interpreting unit detects a change in trend in a characteristic indicative of the magnitude of the pressure pulse in the pressure pulse signal from said sensor.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that pressure pulse measurement data is generated as a function of the acting pressure on the basis of the measurement of the variable acting pressure employed in the method and the measurement of the pressure pulse, systolic and/or diastolic pressure being determined in the interpreting unit on the basis of said function.

3. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said variable acting pressure is a falling acting pressure, and that blood pressure is measured when the acting pressure is lowered.

4. A method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that in the measurement performed during falling acting pressure, systolic pressure is determined on the basis of an acting pressure equal to the pressure acting when it is detected in pressure pulse measurement that the magnitude of the pressure pulse starts to increase.

5. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the pressure pulse is measured in the area of the radial artery.

6. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the pressure pulse is measured as a multichannel measurement.

7. A method as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the pressure pulse is measured by a line sensor.

8. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized by transferring the measured signal containing the measured value of the acting pressure to said wristband type of interpreting unit, which is also arranged to measure the pressure pulse by means of said pressure pulse measuring sensor comprised by it or otherwise being in connection thereto.

9. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized by transferring the measured value of the acting pressure to the interpreting unit as a wireless telemetric transfer by means of a magnetic inductive coupling.

10. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the pressure pulse signal measured by the sensor is amplified and filtered, and then subjected to A/D conversion.

11. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the measured acting pressure signal is filtered to filter off the oscillating AC portion caused by heartbeat to generate a measured filtered acting pressure signal.

12. A method as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the filtered measured acting pressure signal is used in the determination of systolic and/or diastolic pressure.

13. A method as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that before the measured acting pressure signal is filtered, it is amplified, and after filtration subjected to conversion to modify it to a transferable form, and that said signal conversion includes A/D conversion followed by modulation.

14. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized by measuring both diastolic and systolic pressure, and by said change in trend in a characteristic indicative of the magnitude of the pressure pulse, observed by the pressure pulse meaning sensor, being different for diastolic and for systolic pressure.

15. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the pressure pulse is measured with the sensor from a point which is at least as far away from the pressure generator as the point to which the reach area of the pressure oscillation of the pressure generator extends.

16. A method as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that an inflatable cuff is used as the pressure generator.

17. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the pressure pulse is measured with a sensor which is separate from the pressure generator at least from the point of view of the technical operation of the measurement.

18. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the pressure pulse is measured with a sensor which is physically detached from the pressure generator.

19. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the sensor measures the amplitude, frequency or phase of the pressure pulse.

20. A method for blood pressure measurement, comprising applying a variable compressive acting pressure to a measuring point, at a compression point by a pressure generator, and at the same time using a sensor to measure an arterial pressure pulse under the effect of the variable acting pressure on the artery at a second point, the second point located farther away from the heart than the compression point to which the acting pressure is applied,

characterized by providing a signal representing the measured value of the variable pressure acting on the measuring point at the compression point to an interpreting unit, sending a pressure pulse signal representing the measured arterial pressure pulse from the sensor to the interpreting unit, and determining systolic pressure in the interpreting unit on the basis of the variable pressure when the interpreting unit detects a change in trend in a characteristic indicative of the magnitude of the pressure pulse in the pressure pulse signal from said sensor.

21. A method for blood pressure measurement, comprising:

applying a variable compressive acting pressure to a measuring point at a compression point by a pressure generator, wherein said variable acting pressure is a rising acting pressure, and at the same time using a sensor to measure an arterial pressure pulse under the effect of the variable acting pressure on the artery at a second point, the second point being located farther away from the heart than the compression point to which the acting pressure is applied,

providing a signal representing the measured value of the variable pressure acting on the measuring point at the compression point to an interpreting unit,

sending a pressure pulse signal representing the measured arterial pressure pulse from the sensor to the interpreting unit, and

determining diastolic pressure in the interpreting unit on the basis of an acting pressure equal to the pressure acting when it is detected in pressure pulse measurement that the magnitude of the pressure pulse signal from said sensor starts to decrease.

22. A method as claimed in claim 21, characterized in that in the measurement performed during rising acting pressure, diastolic pressure is determined on the basis of an acting pressure equal to the pressure acting when it is detected in pressure pulse measurement that the substantially constant value of the pressure pulse starts to decrease substantially linearly.

23. A method for blood pressure measurement, comprising:

applying a variable compressive acting pressure to a measuring point at a compression point by a pressure generator, wherein said variable acting pressure is a rising acting pressure, and at the same time using a sensor to measure an arterial pressure pulse under the effect of the variable acting pressure on the artery at a second point, the second point located farther away from the heart than the compression point to which the acting pressure is applied,

providing a signal representing the measured value of the variable pressure acting on the measuring point at the compression point to an interpreting unit,

sending a pressure pulse signal representing the measured arterial pressure pulse from the sensor to the interpreting unit, and

determining systolic pressure in the interpreting unit on the basis of an acting pressure equal to the pressure acting when it is detected in pressure pulse measurement that the magnitude of the pressure pulse signal from said sensor stops decreasing.

24. A method as claimed in claim 23, characterized in that systolic pressure is determined on the basis of an acting pressure equal to the pressure acting when it is detected in pressure pulse measurement that the magnitude of the pressure pulse, which decreases substantially directly linearly, stops decreasing and reaches its minimum value, which substantially corresponds to zero.

25. A method for blood pressure measurement, comprising:

applying a variable compressive acting pressure to a measuring point at a compression point by a pressure generator, wherein said variable acting pressure is a falling acting pressure, and at the same time using a sensor to measure an arterial pressure pulse under the effect of the variable acting pressure on the artery at a second point, the second point being located farther away from the heart than the compression point to which the acting pressure is applied,

providing a signal representing the measured value of the variable pressure acting on the measuring point at the compression point to an interpreting unit,

sending a pressure pulse signal representing the measured arterial pressure pulse from the sensor to the interpreting unit, and

determining diastolic pressure in the interpreting unit on the basis of an acting pressure equal to the pressure acting when it is detected in pressure pulse measurement that the magnitude of the pressure pulse signal from said sensor stops increasing.

26. A method as claimed in claim 25, characterized in that diastolic pressure is determined on the basis of an acting pressure equal to the pressure acting when it is detected in pressure pulse measurement that the magnitude of the pressure pulse stops increasing and reaches a constant value.

27. A method for blood pressure measurement, comprising:

applying a variable compressive acting pressure to a measuring point at a compression point by a pressure generator, wherein said variable acting pressure is a falling acting pressure, and at the same time using a sensor to measure an arterial pressure pulse under the effect of the variable acting pressure on the artery at a second point, the second point located farther away from the heart than the compression point to which the acting pressure is applied,

providing a signal representing the measured value of the variable pressure acting on the measuring point at the compression point to an interpreting unit,

sending a pressure pulse signal representing the measured arterial pressure pulse from the sensor to the interpreting unit, and

determining systolic pressure in the interpreting unit on the basis of an acting pressure equal to the pressure acting when it is detected in pressure pulse measurement that the magnitude of the pressure pulse signal from said sensor starts to increase from its minimum value which substantially corresponds to zero.

28. An arrangement for blood pressure measurement, comprising a pressure generator for applying a compressive acting pressure to a measuring point, an acting pressure measuring element, an interpreting unit arranged to determine diastolic pressure, a sensor for simultaneous measurement of the effect of the variable acting pressure on an artery at a second point and for generating a pressure pulse signal representing a measured arterial pressure pulse, said second point being farther away from the heart, i.e, closer to the end point of peripheral circulation, than the compression point to which the acting pressure is applied,

said sensor which measures the pressure pulse generated by heartbeat being coupled to said interpreting unit to which is also coupled the acting pressure measuring element, and that the interpreting unit is arranged to determine diastolic pressure on the basis of an acting pressure which is the pressure acting when the interpreting unit detects a change characteristic of diastolic pressure in a pressure pulse signal measured by the sensor which measures the artery.

29. An arrangement as claimed in claim 28, characterized in that said interpreting unit is a wristband or other type of unit comprising said pressure pulse sensor measuring the artery.

30. An arrangement as claimed in claim 28, characterized in that said interpreting unit is a wristband or other type of unit which is in a wireless connection or a wired connection to said pressure pulse sensor measuring the artery.

31. An arrangement as claimed in claim 28, characterized in that the pressure pulse sensor is a multichannel sensor.

32. An arrangement as claimed in claim 28, characterized in that for transferring the measured acting pressure value to the interpreting unit, the arrangement comprises a wireless transmitter which receives input data from the acting pressure measuring element and a wireless receiver element in the interpreting unit.

33. An arrangement as claimed in claim 32, characterized by comprising a signal modulator for modulating the filtered acting pressure signal into a form suitable for the transmitter element before the signal is coupled to the transmitter element.

34. An arrangement as claimed in claim 33, characterized in that the signal modulator comprises a signal modulator unit (213).

35. An arrangement as claimed in claim 34, characterized in that the signal modulator unit a modulator, such as a pulse width modulator, frequency modulator or other modulator.

36. An arrangement as claimed in claim 34, characterized in that the signal modulator comprises and A/D converter which precedes the signal modulator unit and is used for A/D conversion of the measured filtered acting pressure signal.

37. An arrangement as claimed in claim 34, characterized in that diastolic and systolic pressure are determined by common means.

38. An arrangement claimed in claim 28, characterized in that for transferring the measured acting pressure value to the interpreting unit, the arrangement comprises a wireless telemetric magnetic inductive coupling comprising a wireless transmitter which receives input data from the acting pressure measuring element and a wireless receiver element in the interpreting unit.

39. An arrangement as claimed in claim 28, characterized by comprising an amplifier and a filter for amplifying and filtering the pressure pulse signal measured by the sensor, and an A/D converter for performing A/D conversion after the filtering.

40. An arrangement as claimed in claim 28, characterized by comprising a filter for filtering the measured acting pressure signal to filter off the oscillating AC portion for generating a measured filtered acting pressure signal.

41. An arrangement as claimed in claim 40, characterized in that before the filter for filtering off the AC portion, the arrangement comprises an amplifier for amplifying the measured acting pressure signal.

42. An arrangement as claimed in claim 40, characterized in that the filter which filters off the AC portion is a low-pass filter.

43. An arrangement as claimed in claim 42, characterized in that the upper limit frequency of the low-pass filter is between 1 and 5 Hz.

44. An arrangement as claimed in claim 28, characterized in that the measurement arrangement is arranged to determine both diastolic and systolic pressure.

45. An arrangement as claimed in claim 28, characterized in that an inflatable cuff is used as the pressure generator.

46. An arrangement as claimed in claim 28, characterized in that the pressure pulse is measured by the sensor at a point which is at least as far ways from the pressure generator as the point to which the reach area of the pressure oscillation of the pressure generator extends.

47. An arrangement as claimed in claim 28, characterized in that the pressure pulse is measured by the sensor which is separate from the pressure generator at least from the point of view of the technical operation of the measurement.

48. An arrangement as claimed in claim 28, characterized in that the pressure pulse is measured by a measuring sensor which is physically separate from the pressure generator.

49. An arrangement for blood pressure measurement, comprising a pressure generator for applying a compressive acting pressure to a measuring point, such as a person'"'"'s extremity, the arrangement comprising an acting pressure measuring element, an interpreting unit arranged to determine systolic pressure, a sensor for simultaneous measurement of the effect of the variable acting pressure on an artery at a second point and for generating a pressure pulse signal representing a measured arterial pressure pulse, said second point being farther away from the heart than the compression point to which the acting pressure is applied,

said sensor which measures the pressure pulse generated by heartbeat being coupled to said interpreting unit to which is also coupled the acting pressure measuring element, and that the interpreting unit is arranged to determine systolic pressure on the basis of an acting pressure which is the pressure acting when the interpreting unit detects a change characteristic of systolic pressure in a pressure pulse signal measured by the sensor which measures the artery.

50. An arrangement as claimed in claim 49, characterized in that the pressure pulse sensor is a line sensor.

51. An apparatus for determining systolic blood pressure comprising:

a pressure cuff for applying a variable pressure to a person'"'"'s extremity;

a pressure generator connected to said pressure cuff, said pressure generator providing said variable pressure to said pressure cuff;

a measuring element for measuring the variable pressure provided by said pressure generator;

a sensor, said sensor being capable of detecting a pressure pulse in an artery in said extremity, said sensor capable of creating a pressure pulse signal; and

an interpreting unit connected to said measuring element and said sensor for determining systolic pressure, said interpreting unit being capable of determining said systolic pressure on the basis of the variable pressure measured by the measuring element and a change in trend in a characteristic indicative of the magnitude of the pressure pulse in the pressure pulse signal received from said sensor.

52. An apparatus for determining diastolic blood pressure comprising:

a pressure cuff sized to fit around a person'"'"'s extremity, said pressure cuff being capable of being inflated to variable pressures;

a pressure generator, said pressure generator being connected to said pressure cuff to create said variable pressure,

a measuring element for measuring the variable pressure provided by said pressure generator;

a sensor, said sensor being capable of detecting a pressure pulse in an artery in said extremity, said sensor capable of creating a pressure pulse signal; and

an interpreting unit, said interpreting unit being connected to said sensor and to said measuring element, said interpreting unit being capable of determining diastolic pressure on the basis of the variable pressure measured by the measuring element and a change in trend in a characteristic indicative of the magnitude of the pressure pulse in the pressure pulse signal received from said sensor.