Aerosol generator and methods of making and using an aerosol generator

• US 6,557,552 B1
• Filed: 11/15/2000
• Issued: 05/06/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 10/14/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Philip Morris USA Incorporated (Altria Group, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Chrysalis Technologies Incorporated
• Inventors: Sweeney, William R., Cox, Kenneth A., Beane, Timothy Paul
• Primary Examiner(s): Dawson, Glenn K.
• Application Number:
  US09/711,934
• Time in Patent Office: 902 Days
• Field of Search: 128/200.14, 128/200.22, 128/200.23, 128/200.24, 128/203.12, 128/203.14, 128/203.15, 128/203.16, 128/203.17, 128/203.23, 128/203.25, 128/203.26, 128/203.27, 128/203.28, 128/204.14, 128/204.18, 128/204.21, 128/205.24, 128/207.14, 128/207.16
• US Class Current: 128/203.27
• CPC Class Codes: A24F 40/10 Devices using liquid inhalable precursors
• CPC Class Codes: A24F 40/30 Devices using two or more structurally separated inhalable precursors, e.g. using two liquid precursors in two cartridges
• CPC Class Codes: A24F 40/48 Fluid transfer means, e.g. pumps
• CPC Class Codes: A24F 40/485 Valves; Apertures
• CPC Class Codes: A24F 40/50 Control or monitoring
• CPC Class Codes: A24F 40/60 Devices with integrated user interfaces
• CPC Class Codes: A24F 40/65 Devices with integrated communication means, e.g. wireless communication means
• CPC Class Codes: A24F 40/70 Manufacture
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 11/007 Syringe-type or piston-type sprayers or atomisers
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 11/042 electrical
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 15/0003 with means for dispensing more than one drug
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 15/0066 with means for varying the dose size
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 15/008 Electronic counters
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 15/0083 Timers
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0039 in the inspiratory circuit
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/10 with powered movement mechanisms
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3561 local, e.g. within room or hospital
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3653 by Joule effect, i.e. electric resistance
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/50 with microprocessors or computers
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/52 with memories providing a history of measured variating parameters of apparatus or patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/8225 : using incorporated gas cartridges for the driving gas

Abstract

An aerosol generator includes a flow passage having an inlet and an outlet, a heater arranged relative to the flow passage for heating the flow passage, a source of material to be volatilized in communication with the inlet of the flow passage, a valve to open and close communication between the source of material and the inlet of the flow passage, and a pressurization arrangement for causing material in the source of material to be introduced into the flow passage when the valve is in an open position. The aerosol generator further includes a source of power for operating the heater and the valve, and a control device for controlling supply of power from the source of power to the heater and the valve.

Claims

1. An aerosol generator, comprising:

a flow passage having an inlet and an outlet;

a heater arranged relative to the flow passage so as to heat at least a portion of the flow passage;

a source of material to be volatilized, the inlet of the flow passage being in communication with the source of material;

a valve operatively located between the source of material and the flow passage, the valve being openable and closeable to open and close communication between the source and the inlet of the flow passage;

a source of power operating the heater and the valve; and

a control device which effects supply of power from the source of power to the heater and the valve.

2. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a pressurization arrangement which causes material in the source of material to be introduced into the flow passage from the source of material when the valve is in an open position, the source of material including a flexible container, the pressurization arrangement including a chamber in which the flexible container is disposed.

3. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 2, wherein the flexible container is pressurized by a pressurized gas.

4. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 2, further comprising a pressure sensor arranged to sense pressure in the chamber, the pressure sensor being arranged to send a signal representative of the pressure in the chamber to the control device, and the control device being arranged to control the power source to adjust a length of time that power is supplied to the valve in response to the signal from the pressure sensor.

5. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 1, further comprising an air flow detecting device for determining when a predetermined air flow rate exists proximate the outlet of the flow passage, the air flow detecting device being arranged to send a signal to the controller to indicate that the predetermined air flow rate exists, and the controller being arranged to control the power source to supply power to the valve and the heater in response to the signal from the air flow detecting device.

6. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a pressure drop detecting device which determines when a predetermined pressure drop occurs proximate the outlet of the flow passage, the pressure drop detecting device being arranged to send a signal to the control device to indicate that the predetermined pressure drop is occurring, and the control device being arranged to control the power source to supply power to the valve and the heater in response to the signal from the pressure drop detecting device.

7. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the control device includes a timer, the aerosol generator including a remote control device adapted to adjust the timer to adjust the frequency with which the control device controls the power supply to supply power to the valve and the heater wherein the timer includes an indicator for indicating that the control device is available to control the power supply to supply power to the valve and the heater.

8. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a display device controlled by the control device and displaying a number of times that the control device controls the power supply to supply power to the valve and the heater.

9. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the control device is arranged to permit adjustment of at least one of an amount of time that the valve is in an open condition and an amount of time that power is supplied to the heater.

10. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 1, wherein a rate of power supplied from the source of power to the heater and/or a dimension of the flow passage are selected to cause the aerosol generator to produce an aerosol having a mass median particle diameter of less than 3 microns.

11. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a pressurization arrangement which causes material in the source of material to be introduced into the flow passage from the source of material when the valve is in an open position, a pressure with which the pressurization arrangement supplies the material from the source of material and/or a rate at which power is supplied from the source of power being such that the material is supplied and volatilized in the flow passage at a rate greater than 1 milligram per second.

12. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a source of a second material in liquid form communicating with the flow passage at a point before the heater, a pressurization arrangement causing material in the source of second material to be introduced into the flow passage from the source of material when the valve is in an open position, the source of material including a first flexible container and the source of second material including a second flexible container, the pressurization arrangement including a first chamber in which the first flexible container is disposed, and a first pressurized gas sealed in the first chamber and surrounding the first flexible container, and a second chamber in which the second flexible container is disposed, and a second pressurized gas sealed in the second chamber and surrounding the second flexible container.

13. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 1, further comprising

a second flow passage having an inlet and an outlet;

a second heater arranged relative to the second flow passage to heat at least a portion of the second flow passage,

a source of second material to be volatilized, the inlet of the second flow passage being in communication with the source of second material, and

a second valve operatively located between the source of second material and the second flow passage, the second valve being openable and closeable to open and close communication between the source of second material and the inlet of the second flow passage, and

wherein the source of power supplies power to the second heater and the second valve, and the control device controls supply of power from the source of power to the second heater and the second valve.

14. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 1, wherein material in the source of material includes two or more components mixed together before the material is volatilized.

15. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the valve is a microvalve.

16. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the valve, the heater, and the flow passage are a single microelectronic machine formed on a single chip.

17. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the aerosol generator includes a first component and a second component, the second component being attachable and detachable to the first component, the first component including the flow passage, the heater, the valve, and the source of material, and the second component including the source of power and the control device.

18. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 17, wherein the first component includes

a second flow passage having an inlet and an outlet,

a second heater arranged relative to the second flow passage so as to heat the second flow passage,

a second valve operatively located between the source of second material and the second flow passage, the second valve being openable and closeable to open and close communication between the source of second material and the inlet of the second flow passage,

a source of second material to be volatilized, the inlet of the second flow passage being in communication with the source of second material, and

wherein the source of power supplies power to the second heater and the second valve, and the control device controls supply of power from the source of power to the second heater and the second valve.

19. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 18, further comprising a chamber, the outlets of the flow passages being disposed in the chamber proximate each other, the chamber being of sufficient size and configuration to permit mixture of volatilized materials that expand out of the outlets together with ambient air such that the volatilized material and the volatilized second material form first and second aerosols, respectively, the first and second aerosols being mixed with each other to form a combination aerosol including the first and second aerosols.

20. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the valve comprises a solenoid valve.

21. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the control device comprises a microchip.

22. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the source of power comprises a battery.

23. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a manual or automatic pump which delivers a liquid material to the flow passage.

24. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the control device is programmable.

25. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the source of material comprises solid particles suspended in a liquid material.

26. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the aerosol generator comprises a hand-held medical inhaler device.

27. The aerosol generator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the source of power comprises a battery and the control device is programmed to open the valve for a period of time which compensates for power level drop due to decreases in battery power.